Texts to illustrate a course of elementary lectures on the history of Greek philosophy from Thales to Aristotle. / [Jackson, Henry] 1839-1921,

Author: [Jackson, Henry] 1839-1921,
Title: Texts to illustrate a course of elementary lectures on the history of Greek philosophy from Thales to Aristotle.
Publisher: London Macmillan 1914
Tag(s): philosophy, ancient; greek literature (collections); koi; avto; fjiev; axxa; tcl; tavta; otl; jiev; avtov; tovtov; eai; tovtwv; trjv; tovtcov; axxo; vvv; fjuev; brj; kara; ecrtiv; teal; etepov; yov; ovbev; rwv; ttov; cov; eativ; kata; trdvta; oyov; ovo; avtwv; jievov; evl; eivai; troxxa; ovte; ovre; vovv; ovta; uev; ecrti; pov; apa; rot; srj; ovsev; avta; tavtov; tiv; dpa; erepov; juev; ovbe; ttj; crv; eati; trepi; oti; avro; jia; greek philosophy; tot; cata; metaphysica; tou; aristotle; philosophy; lectures; plato; greek; diogenes laertius
Contributor(s): Eric Lease Morgan (Infomotions, Inc.)
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Rights: GNU General Public License
Size: 31,946 words (really short) Grade range: 10-11 (high school) Readability score: 51 (average)
Identifier: textstoillustrat00jackuoft
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Texts to illustrate a Course of 
Elementary Lectures on the 
History of Greek Philosophy 



MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED 

LONDON BOMBAY CALCUTTA 
MELBOURNE 

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 

NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO 
DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO 

THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. 
TORONTO 



Texts to illustrate a Course 
of Elementary Lectures 
on the History of Greek 
Philosophy from Thales 
to Aristotle 



TT&P&lt;\ M6N GNICON TTApei AH(j&gt;AAAeN TINAC AoJEdvC, ol Ae TOY 

TOY TOYC AI TIOI 



MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED 
ST. MARTIN S STREET, LONDON 

1914 



COPYRIGHT 

First Edition, 1901. 
Second Edition, 1914. 



OCT261965 



1017283 



TO MANY FRIENDS 

whose questions, criticisms, and suggestions, have helped 
and encouraged me in the past, I dedicate this compilation, 
prepared for the use of their successors in the lecture-room 
of Trinity College. 

HENR Y JA CKSON. 

31 July 1901. 



PEEFACE 

UNDER regulations recently made by the Senate of the 
University of Cambridge for Part I of the Classical Tripos 
Examination, short passages illustrative of Greek and 
Koman philosophy will, after 1902, be set "for translation 
and comment." In order that candidates for this ex 
amination who attend my lectures may have before them 
the passages which I shall discuss or refer to, I have 
prepared this volume of selected texts. I have however 
included in it, together with the passages required for my 
primary purpose, some others, likely to be of use to any 
of my hearers who, later in their Academic career, may 
make a more exact study of the subject. 

In preparing the paragraphs which represent the Prae- 
platonics, I have made frequent use of the Historia 
Philosophiae Graecae of H. Kitter and L. Preller. It is 
a pleasure to me to have here an opportunity of expressing 
the sincere gratitude which I have long felt, both to the 
authors of this work, and to its present editor, Ed. 
Wellmann, whose labours have made the recent editions 
indispensable to all serious students of early Greek 
philosophy. 

In the chapter on Plato, my method has been to select 
from each of the principal dialogues a passage or passages 
which will give me an opportunity of explaining what I 
suppose to be that dialogue s contribution to the system. 

vii 



viii TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY 

In the chapter on Aristotle, I have drawn for the most 
part upon certain of the more important philosophical 
treatises : and, as far as my limitations permitted, I have 
tried to secure continuity of exposition. The excerpts 
from the organon do not pretend to represent the treatises 
from which they are taken : they are added because they 
will be wanted for reference. Paragraphs about the ethics 
are introduced in the hope that they will help students 
who are reading that instructive treatise for the first time 
to understand its scope and to follow its argument. 

In my lectures, and therefore in this compendium, my 
aim is, not so much to record the details of Greek philo 
sophical systems, as rather to trace the development of 
Greek philosophical thought. On this subject, quot homines 
tot sententiae : and I acknowledge that I have views of my 
own. The passages which I have chosen are however, for 
the most part, such as would be generally acknowledged 
to be important : and it is conceivable that my selection, 
though made with a view to the exposition of particular 
interpretations, should provide texts for teachers who have 
no sympathy with my heresies. In the hope that my 
little book may be useful in this way, I venture to publish 
what I had originally intended for private circulation only. 

H. J. 

TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, 
21 September 1901. 

In preparing a second edition of these texts, I have care 
fully revised them ; and, in the light of thirteen years 
experience, I have made a few additions and substitutions. 

H. J. 

TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, 
4 August 1914. 



CONTENTS 



INTRODUCTORY 

SECTION I AOE 

1-3 1 

I THE IONIAN HENISTS 

4 ....... 3 

5 Thales ...... 3 

6-8 Anaximander ...... 3 

9-11 Anaximenes ...... 5 

12-18 Heracleitus ...... 5 

II THE PYTHAGOREANS 

19-21 ....... 9 

III THE ELEATIC HENISTS 

22 ....... 11 

23, 24 Xenophanes . . . . . .12 

25-30 Parmenides . . . . . .12 

31, 32 Zeno . ..... 15 

IV THE PLURALISTS 

33-38 Empedocles . . . . . .18 

39-42 Anaxagoras . . . . . .21 

43-47 Leucippus and Democritus . , . .24 

ix 



C TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY 

V THE SOPHISTS 

KCTION PAOE 

48 ....... 28 

49 Protagoras, Hippias . . . . .29 

50 Gorgias . . . . . .29 

51 Thrasymachus . . . . .30 

52 Euthydemus and Dionysodorus . . .30 

53 Isocrates . . . . . .31 

VI SOCRATES AND THE MINOR SOCRATICS 

54-58 Socrates . . . . . .32 

59, 60 Aristippus . . . . . .36 

61, 62 Antisthenes . . . .37 

63 Eucleides and Eubulides . . . .38 

64 Stilpo . 39 

65 Phaedo and Menedemus . . . .39 

VII PLATO AND THE OLD ACADEMY 

66 Eathyphro . . . . . .41 

67 Meno .... .41 
68, 69 Phaedrus . . . . . .42 

70 symposium . ... . . .44 

71_74 republic . . . . . .45 

75, 76 Phaedo ...... 49 

77-83 Parmenides . . . . .51 

84-86 Philebus . . . . . .55 

87 Theaetetus . . . . . .57 

88-92 sophist . . . . . .58 

93 politicus . . . . . .62 

94-100 Timaeus ..... 63 

101 laws . . . . . .68 

102, 103 Aristotelian evidence . . . .69 

104-106 Speusippus and Xenocrates . . .71 
107 The Old Academy . ... 73 



CONTENTS xi 

VIII ARISTOTLE 

ECTION 

PAGE 

108-114 metaphysica Z 74 

115-121 metaphysica A . 80 

122, 123 de generation* et corruptione . . QQ 

124129 de anima . 

oo 

130-132 categoriae ... 94 

133-137 analytica prior a . . 95 

138 analytica posteriora . . no 

139141 topica ... oo 

141-149 ethica Nicornachea . . ^Q2 

150 politica ... 




D 



Xll 



INTRODUCTORY 



1 Diogenes Laertius I 1 2 (friXoo-otyiav Be Trpwro? a&gt;v6/jiacre 

ical eavTov fyi^ocrofyov. . . . fjLrjBeva yap 
eivai cro(f)ov [dv0pc07rov] aXX TJ 6eov. 

Plato symposium 203 E Oewv ovBels fyikoaofyel ovB* 
eiriOv/jieL ao(f)os yeve&Oai ecm ydp oi)S et Tt? aXXo? 5 

(70^)09, OV &lt;j)l\0(TO(f)6i. 

Aristotle metapJiysica A 2. 982 bll 8i&gt;a jap TO 6av- 
ol dv9pa)7TOL real vvv KOI TO irpwrov ijp^apro 
lv. . . . 6 Be ajropwv /cal 6avfjbd^wv olerai 
dyvoeiv Sto /cal 6 fyiKojjLvOos &lt;pt,\6(ro&lt;f)6s TTCO? ecmv, lo 
6 yap /JivOos avyKeirai, etc Oavjuaa-iW WGT elirep ia TO 
rrfv ayvoiav e^iKoao^o-av, (fravepbv OTL Sia TO 
TO 7ri(TTacr6ai eSlcd/cov, /cal ov ^p^crew? TLVOS 
eveicev. 

Plato Theaetetus 1 5 5 D /mXa yap &lt;f&gt;L\ocr6(f)ov rovro TO 15 
trades, TO Oav/jud^ew ov yap a\\rj dp^rj (j)t\ocro&lt;f)ias rj 
avTTj, /cal eoircev 6 rrjv ^\piv av/uiavTos Gicyovov 
ov Karccos yevea\oyelv. 

2 Diogenes Laertius I 13 aofol Be evo/jL^ovro oV 

Hepiavo pos 



40 o Be ^.LKaiap^o^ ovre cro^ou? o$Te 
lv avrovs yeyovevai, avverov^ Be nvas ical 



3 Aristotle metaphysical 2. 1013 a 24 aiTiov \eyerai, 25 
eva fj^ev TpoTrov e^ ov yiyveraL TI evvTrdp^ovTos, olov o 
^aX/eo? TOU dvBpidvros /cal 6 apyvpos T^9 (f)id\ rjs /cal 
rd TOVTWV yeprj aXkov Be TO elBos ical TO TrapdBeiy/jia, 
TOVTO B* eaTiv o \oyo&lt;$ &lt;o&gt; TOU rl rjv elvai, /cal Ta TOVTOV 

1 B 



2 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [3 

76^77, olov TOV Sta traorwv ra Svo 777)05 ev /cal oXco? 

o dpiO/juos, /cal ra f^eprj ra ev TO&gt; XOJM en o6ev 77 

apX 7 } T % /-teTa/3oX?75 77 TTpcorrj 77 TT}? rjpe/jLrjo-ews, olov 6 

/3ov\ev&lt;ras atrto?, ical 6 warrjp rov reitvov, KOI oXco? TO 

5 TTOIOVV rov TTOLov/Jievov KOI TO fiera/B X. rjrLKov rov fjL6ra/3d\- 

XO^TO? eri 60? TO TeXo?, rovro S ecrTt TO ou everta, olov 

rov TrepLTrareiv 77 vyieia. Compare pliysica B 2. 194 b 23. 

metaphysica A 3. 983 a 24 eVel Se (fravepov on rwv 

6 ^PXn^ alrlcov Sel \a/3elv errLo-r^fjitjv, rore jap el&evai 

10 (frajjiev eKaarov, orav rrjv Trpctirijv alriav olwfJieOa 

TO, 8 aiTia \eyerat rerpa^a)^, wv /jbiav fiev alriav 

elvai rr)v ovcriav /cal TO 11 rjv elvai,, avdyeTai jap TO 8ia 

Ti et? TOV \oyov ea^aTOv alTiOv Se /cal dp^r) TO &ia TL 

TTpCOTOV, T6paV $ TTJV V\rjV Kal TO V7TO/Cl/ji6VOV, TpLTTJV 

15 Be o0ev 77 dp^rj TT^? /civrjaecos, TeTapTrjv Be TVJV dvTLKi- 
alriav TavTy, TO ov eve/ca Kal TayaOov, TeXo? &lt;ydp 

/cal Kivrja-ews Travis TOUT eaTiv, TeOecoprjTai 
ovv licavws Trepl avT&v r^lv ev Tot? Trepl ^ucreco? 
Se 7rapa\d/3a){j,ev /cal TOU? TrpoTepov T^JLWV et? eiri 
20 TWV ovTtov e\6ovTa&lt;$ Kal (friXocrocfrrjo-avTas Trepl TT}? 



I THE IONIAN HENISTS 

4 Aristotle metaphysica A 3. 983 b 7 TWV Srj 
, ol 7T\LcrTOi ra? eV v\7}&lt;$ el Set 
eivai TTCLVTCOV e ov yap ecrTiv airavTa 

TO, OVTCL, Kal 6% OV &lt;yiyVTCU TTptoTOV KOI 6t? O (pOelpeTdl 

reKevratov, Tri^_jiev overlap virofjievovo-r]^, rot? Se irdOecn, 5 
/jL6Ta/3aX\,ovcrr)&lt;;, rovro aroL^eLov /cal ravTrjp ap^r^v fyaviv 
elvai TMV ovrwv, /cal Bia TOVTO ovre yiyvecrOai, ovSev 
ovr airoXkvo-Oai, a)9_j7J9 roiavrri^ &lt;ucre&&amp;gt;? ael 
, cb(77rep ovSe TOP ^ay/cpaT r) fyafjiev ovre &gt;yi&gt;yve- 

, orav yiywrjTai /caXo? ^7 fjuovaifcos, OUT avroX- 1 
\vo-0ai, orav aTro/BaXXr) lavra^ ra? efet9, &ia TO 
TO v7roKei/A$vov TOV ^co/cpaTrj avTov. 



5 Plutarch Solon 3 KOI oXeo? eoiicev rj @d\ew /JLOVOV Thales 
o-o&lt;pla TOTE TrepaiTepco TV)? %peia$ 6^LKecr0ai Trj Oewpio, 

7J9 15 



Diogenes Laertius I 23 /xera Be Ta TroXtrt/ca 

eyeveTo 0e capias. . . . Bo/cel Se /caT(i TLVCLS 
T09 do-Tpo\o&lt;yr/(rai real rjKiaicds e /cXe^et9 /cal 
Trpoenrelv. 

Aristotle metapliysica A 3. 983 b 20 aXXa 6aX?}9 
o r?}9 Toiai/T^s [cf. 4] apfflyb*: &lt;^&gt;tXocro0ta9 ^5o)/3 
(pTjcriv [sc. TT)^ TOiavTTjv dp^rjv^ $10 /cal TTJV yfjv 



6 SimpliciuS m phySlCa 6 r TCOZ^ 3e ez^ /cal KlVOV^evov /cal Anaximander 
aireipov \eyovTcov Kva%l[JLav$po&lt;$ /Jiev Tlpa^dSov MtX? 
yevopevos BidSo^o^ real /jiaOrjTr)? dp%r)v re 
3 



TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [6 



GTOiyeov eprfKe TWV OVTWV TO arreipov TrpMTos TOVTO 
Tovvo/jua Ko/jbiaa^ TTJS apxfjs. Xeyet S avrrjv /-ujre vBa)p 
/j,r)T6 aXXo TL TWV Ka\ovfJLevwv elvai (TTOi^eitov, XX eTepav 
Tiva (f)V(7iv dirapov, et; 979 arravTas yiveaOai rovs ovpavovs 

5 KOI TOVS ev avTols KOCT/JLOV^ e &v Be r) yeveffk ecm rot? 
over i, /col rrjv (f&gt;0opav et9 ravra &lt;yivecr6ai Kara TO ^peo)V 
Sioovai yap avTa SiK7]v /caL TICTLV aXX^Xot? TTJ? dSiKias 
KaTa Trjv Tovypovov Tafyv, TroiTjTiKWTepoi,? O{;T&&amp;gt;? ovQ^aviv 
avTa Xe7&lt; iT- 8rj\ov Se OTL TTJV et? a\\7j\a fA6Ta/3o\r)v 

10 TWV TeTTapwv GTOi xeiwv ot/TO? Oeao-duevos OVK ^Lwaev ev 
TL TOVTCOV vTroKei^evov Troifjaai, d\\d TL a\\o rrapa 
TavTa. ouro? Be OVK aXkoiov^evov TOV aTOi^e iov Trjv 
yevecnv iroiel, aXX dTTOKpivo/jieiHov TWV evavTiwv 8ia r^9 
diOiov Kivrjcrew Bio Kal rot? rrepl *Ava%a&lt;yopav TOVTOV 

15 o AptcrroreX?;? 

32 V ere/?o9 Be 

T/}? v\7]$ aiTiwvTai ovBe KaTa aXkoiwdiv TOV 
r&lt;x9 yevecreis d7rooiBoa&lt;Tiv, aXXa KaT eKKpicr 
yap ra9 evavTWTTjTas ev TO) VTTOKei^ivw, cnre ipa* OVTI 
, eKKpiveaOai &lt;f&gt;7](ri,v A_vat;lfjiavBpos TTpwTO? avTos 
vofjidaa^ TO VTroKei/Jievov. evavTioTijTes Be elcri 
OepjJibv ^rv^pov fypbv vypov Kal TCL aXXa. 

7 Alexander in metaphysica Bonitz 45, 20 TrpocredrjKe 
Be T{J IcTTOpia Kal TTJV Avaj;i,fjidvBpov Bojfav, 09 dp^rjv 

25 eOeTO Trjv /jbeTa^v $&gt;V&lt;TI,V depos re Kal Trvpos [988 a 30 
TTf/309 fJiev TTVKVOTepov depos Be \e7TTOTepov] 77 depos re 
Kal u8aro9 [989 a 13 el r^9 depos aev TrvKvoTepov TOVTO 
TiOrfdiv vBaTOS Be \eTTTOTepov} \eyeTai yap d^OTepco^. 

Olympiodorus, Berthelot collection des anciens alcliimistes 
30 grecs p. 83 Ava^l/navBpos Be TO fieTa^v e\eyev ap%f)V 
elvai fjieTa^v Be \eyei, TOV aTjuov rj TOV KaTrvov o fjuev 
ydp ar//,o9 /neTa^v ICTTL rrvpos &lt;Kal vBaTos, 6 Be KaTrvos 
v 7Tf/3O9&gt; Kal yfjs, Kal Ka6o\ov Be elirelV) rrdv TO 
OepjJiMV Kal vypwv aT/Jbos ICTTL, TO Be p,eTa%v 
3 5 Kal t;rjpct)v Kairvos. 

8 Aristotle pliysica A 4. 187 a 20 ol B IK TOV evos 
evovcras ra9 evavTioTijTas eKKpiveaOai wo-rrep Avaj;i/JLavBpos 

) Kal oaoL 8* ev Kal TroXXa (fracriv elvai TO, ovTa, 



12] ANAXIMENES, HERACLEITUS 



w&lt;T7rep EyLt7reSo/cX?}9 /cal ^Ava^ayopa^ e/c TOV 
yap Kal OVTOL eiCKpivovcrL TaAXa. 

metapJiysica A 2. 1069bl8 WCTT ov JJLOVOV Kara 
o-fyit/3e/377/co9 eV&e^eTat yiveaOai etc fjurj 6Wo9, aAXa Kal 
e f 6Wo9 yiveTai, jrdvTa, Svvd/jiei, yiteWot 6Wo9, e/c yit?) 5 
6Wo9 Se evepyela. Kal TOUT eVTt TO Avaj;a&lt;y6pov ov 
{3e\Ttov yap rj oyu-oO Trdvra /cat E^TreSo/cXeoL ?, TO 
/cal Ava^i/jidvSpov, Kal &&amp;gt;? Arj/jLOKpiTOS &lt;j)7)o-t,v ^ 
jrdvra Svvd/jbei, evepyela 8 ou. 

9 Simplicius m physica 6 r Ava^/ae^? 8e Eypvcrrpdrov Anaximenes 
eratpos 76701/0)9 A^a^yu-az/^ou, yLttaz/ yitev /cat 



^I/ v7roKei^ev7]v fyvaiv Kal aTreipov ( 
, OVK dopiarov Se wairep e /cet^o?, dXX to 
depa \eywv avrrjv Siafyepeiv Se /juavoT^TL Kal 
Kara Ta? ovaias. Kal dpaiovfjievov fJiev Trvp yivecrdai,, 15 
TrvKvov/Jievov Se ave/jbov, elra z/e^o?, eVt &e yu-aXXoz/ vbwp, 
elra yijv, elra \L0ovs. rd Se d\\a eK TOVTOOV. Kivijo-iv Be 
Kal ouTO? di&iov Trotet, St ^y /cat T?)I&gt; fjbera^o\r]v yiveaOat,. 

10 Olympiodorus, Berth elot collection des anciens alchimistes 
grecs p. 83 /juiav $e K,ivov^kvif]v ctTreipov dp^rjv Trdvrcov TWV 2 
OVTWV e$o%aev Ava^i/jLewris TOV depa Aeyet 7ap ovro)^ 
771^9 ecrnv o drjp TOV dawfJbdTOV Kal OTL KaT eicpoiav 
TOVTOV yivo/JieOa, dvdyKr] avTov Kal aTreipov elvai Kal 
7r\ovcriov Sta TO yu.7;Se7roTe K\eL7reiv. 

11 [Plutarch], Eusebius praeparatio euangelica I 7 25 

8e tyacri, TTJV TMV o\wv apfflv TOV depa 



Kal TOVTOV elvai T&3 /jiev /AeyeOei, aTreipov Tat9 



Trepl avTov nroioT^o-iv aipicr/Jievov yevvaaOai Te TrdvTa 
Tiva TrvKvaxriv TOVTOV /cat 7ra\iv apaiwcriv. TTJV ye 
jv Kivr)(Ti,v e alwvos virdp^eiv. 7ri,\ovjjLevov Se TOV aepog 3 
vrpcoTTjv yeyevr)(T0ai, \eyei, TTJV yrjv 7T\aTetav /xaXa* Sto 
/cat KaTa \oyov avTrjv eTro^elaOai TO) aepi. Kal TOV 
Kal TTJV (re\qvi]v Kal TCL \OL7rd acrrpa rrjv dp^rjv 



yevecrecds eK 77)9 e 



12 Heracleitus, Clemens Alexandrinus stromata v 14 Heracieitus 
&lt;Tov&e&gt; TOV avTov aTrdvTwv ovTe Tt9 Oewv ovTe 



6 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [12 

dv0p(t)7T(0v e7roirjo~ev, d\\ rjv alel /cal eo~Ti /cal eaTau Trvp 
del^coov, dTTTOfievov fJieTpa Kal dTrocr/Bevvv/jievov /jueTpa. 
Plutarch de El 8 nrvpos T dvTaneifteaOai Tcavra 
o Hpa/cAeT09, Kal Trvp aTrdvTcov, WGTrep ^pvaov 

13 Heracleitus, Clemens Alexandrinus stromata vi 2 

0dvaTos vBwp &lt;yeveo-0ai, vBaTi 
e/c 77)9 Be vBwp &lt;yiveTai, e vBaTos Be 
Diogenes Laertius IX 8 TMV Be evavrtcov TO fiev eVl 
10 TTJV ryevecriv ayov /ca\el(70ai TcoKefJuov Kal epiv, TO B eVl 
Trjv e/CTTvpcocriv 6/J,o\oyav /cal eiptfwrjv, Kal TTJV 
oBbv avu&gt; /caTco, TOV Te Kocrfjuov &lt;yiveo~6ai KCLTOL 
TTV/cvov/jbevov ydp TO Trvp e%v&lt;ypaivecr0ai, 

//1r/(&gt; / CJ \ \ r/ 5&gt; 

ryivecruai vowp, 7TT)&lt;yvvjJievov oe TO vowp eis 
x s /cal TavTTjv oBbv eirl TO /caTco eivai, \eyei. ira\iv Te av 
TYJV yrjv yelcrOai, e rjs TO vBwp &lt;yiveo~0ai,, eK Be TOVTOV 
Ta \oiird, a^eBbv TrdvTa evrl TTJV dva0v/jLiacnv dvdyatv 
0a\aTTr)S avTTj Be O~TLV rj evrl TO avco oBos. 

14 Aristotle ethica Nicomachea 2. 1155b4 Kal 

TO dvTi^ovv avjjufrepov Kal eK TCOV Biafapov- 
Ka\\lcrTr)v dp/jiovlav Kal TrdvTa tear epiv &lt;yivecr0ai,. 
Heracleitus, Hippolytus refutatio ix 9 oi 
OKO)S BiafyepofJievov ecouTco ofLoXoyeei TrdXiVTpoTros 

25 TraTrjp ecrTi TrdvTcov Be /3a&lt;ri\6vs. 

Aristotle ethica Eudemia H 2. 1235a26 Kal f Hpa- 

dv0p(*)7T(0v avroXotTO* ov yap av elvai apfjuoviav /JLTJ 
oeo9 Kal (3apeos, ovBe TO, ^wa avev 0rj\eos Kal appevos, 
3 o evavTLMv OVTCOV. Compare Plato Theaetetus 153 A D. 

15 Plato Cratylus 402 A \eyei&gt; TTOV ( HpdK\eiTos OTL 
TrdvTa %ft)/?et Kal ovBev fAevei, Kal TTOTa/Jiov pofj cnreiKa- 
a)v TO, ovTa \e&lt;yei, 609 Bis els TOV avTOV TTOTa/jibv OVK av 



Aristotle metapliysica F 5. lOlOalo /cal f Hpa/c\eiT(p 

[sc. KpaTv\o&lt;&gt;] eiTrovTi OTL Bis TO&gt; CLVTW 
ov/c ecrTiv efjLfffjvai avTos &lt;ydp wero ov& aTrai;. 
Plutarch de El 18 TTOTa/juo) jap ov/c ecrTiv 



18] HERACLEITUS 



T&&amp;gt; avrq), Ka0* Hpa/eXetroz , ovBe 
Kara e%iv aXX O^VTTJTL /cat 

Kal 7rd\iv crvvdyet,, yitaXXoz&gt; $6 ovBe TCCL\.IV ovBe 
v&Tepov, aXX dfjia avvicrTaTai /ecu a7rd\ei7ret, Trpoaeio L 
Kai aireicri. 5 

16 Heracleitus, Heracleitus allegoriae Homericae 24 
TroTaaolai, Tolcnv avrolaiv efjbj3a[vo^ev re KOL ov/c efJL/3al- 
vopev, elfjbiv re Kal OVK elfjiev. 

Plntarcli consolatio ad Apollonium 10 KOL rj ^O-LV 
*H/9a/cXetTO?, ravro r evi %wv real T0vr]KO$, /cat TO eyprj- I 
os ical TO fcaOevbov, Kal veov Kal ryTjpaidv rdSe jap 



Heracleitus, Sextus Empiricus VII 126 KaKol 

a-iv 6(f)Oa\iJ,ol Kal wra ftapfldpovs 
TWV [Bernays /3op/36pov -v^u^a? e^oi/re?]. 

17 Heracleitus, Stobaeus florilegium III 84 %vvov ecm 
TTCLGI TO (frpoveew. %vv vow \eyovTas lo-^ypi^eaOai %pr) 

TO) %VVCp TrdvTWV, OKWdTTep VOfJUW TToTU?, Kal TToXu 

la-%vpOTep(0$. TpefavTai yap TCCLVTZS ol dv6pu&gt;Treioi VO/JLOI 
VTTO 6^09 TOV Qeiov KpaTeei yap TOO-QVTOV oKoaov e9e\ei 
Kal e^apKeeL TCCLGI Kal TrepiyiveTai. 

Sextus Empiricus VII 133 Sib Bel eVecr&u T&5 
&lt;o&gt; %vvos yap 6 KOLVOS TOV \6yov Be IOVTOS vvov 
OL TroXXol ft)? ISiav e^ovTes Qpovyo iv. rj 8 eVrl^ OVK aXXo 

Ti ttXX 6^7^(769 TOV TpOTTOV TT)&lt;$ TOV TTaVTOS BLOiKrjCTea)^ 25 

Bib Ka0 o TI av avTOV Trjs fj,vr)a7]S KOivcwrjcrcouev, d\rj0evo- 
/juev, a 8 av IBidcrco/jiev, tyevBo/jieOa. 

18 Plato Cratylus 383 A EPM. KpaTv\os 
oBe, a) ^(t)KpaTes, ovouaTOS opOoTrjTa elvai eKd 

OVTWV (frvcrei, 7re&lt;f)VKViav, Kal ov TOVTO elvau ovo/jia b av 3 
Twes i-vvOe/jievoi Ka\e2v KaXwcri, TTJS avTwv (fxovrjs fjiopiov 
e7ri(f)96&lt;yyo/jLVoi,, d\\a opdoTTjTd Tiva T&V ovoaaTcov nrefyv- 
Kevai, Kal f/ EXX^crt Kal /3ap{3dpois TJ)V avTrjv 

429 B 2f2. HdvTa dpa Ta ovoaaTa opOws 
KP. f Oaa ye ovouaTd ecrTtv. %l. Tt ovv ; o Kal dpTi ss 
e\eyTo, ^paoyevet, rwSe TTOTepov /JbTjBe ovoaa TOVTO KelaOai 
el arj TI avT&lt;p "Qpfjiov yeveaecos irpoo-^Ket, rj 
aev, ov jJuevTOi opOws ye; KP. QvSe 



8 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [l8 

eaoiye &o/cei, o&gt; 2d)/cpaTe?, d\\d So/celv /celaOat, elvai, Se 
eTepov TOVTO Tovvo/^a, ovTrep /cal 77 (f&gt;vais 77 TO 



10 



435 D ToBe Se fjuoi ert elire ueTa TavTa, Tiva 

5 Svvapiv e^ei Ta ovouaTa /cal Ti fyw/juev avTa /ca\ov 

airepyd^eo-dai; KP. &i$daKiv ejjuoiye &o/cei, o&gt; ^M/cpaTes, 

/cal TOVTO Trdvv d7r\ovv elvai, 09 av ra ovoaaTa eirL- 

V V / 

/cab Ta TrpayuaTa. 

435 E icaTa TOVTO Sij uoi So/cet9 \eyeiv 0)9 09 av Ta 
ovouaTa elSfj elcreTai /cal TCL TrpdyuaTa. KP. AX?;i 

v rt9 TTOT av elrj o 
OVTCOV ov (TV \eyeis vvv, /cal 

eaTi jmev /cal aXXo9 ot/TO9 uevToi (3e\TiwV) r) oi)S 
aXXo9 r) OL/T09 ; 7rore/3a&gt;9 otei ; KP. OVTCOS eycoye, 
is ov Trdvv Ti elvai d\\ov, TOVTOV be /cal p,6vov ical ^e\TiaTov. 
SO. TLoTepov Se /cal evpeaiv TWV OVTCOV TTJV avTrjv TavT^v 
elvai, TOV TO, ovoaaTa evpovTa /cd/ceiva evprj/cevai wv eaTi 
Ta ovo^aTa- 77 fyTelv uev /cal evpia/ceiv eTepov Seiv 
TpoTrov, uavOdveiv Se TOVTOV ; KP. HdvT&v udXiaTa 
20 /cai ^TjTeiv /cal evpiatceiv TOV avTOv TpoTrov TOVTOV /caTa 
TavTa. 

Theaetetus 179 E /cal ydp, w ^a)KpaTe^, Trepl TOVTWV 
TWV ( Hpa/c\eiTia)v, . . . avTols p&lt;ev TOIS Trepl TTJV &gt;/T ^ 



oaoi TrpocnroLovvTaL efjuireipoi elvai, ovoev ad\\ov olov re 
ha\e%6rivai TJ rot? olo-Tp&cnv. . . . irepavels 8e ovoeTTOTe 
ovoev TT^O? ovbeva avTMV ovSe ye exelvoi avTol 
aXX^Xoi;?, aXX 6^ jrdvv (f)v\aTTOVo-i TO 
eav elvai ar)T ev \oy&lt;p yu/^r* ev rat9 avTwv 



20] 



II THE PYTHAGOEEANS 
19 Aristotle metapliysica A 5. 985 b 23 eV Se TOVTOLS 

KOI TTpO TOVTCOV Oi KoXoVfJUeVOL TLvOayOpeLOl, TO)V aad^fjidTCOV 

dtyduevoi, TrpcoTov TavTa Tcpo^a^ov, KOI evTpafyevTes ev 
avTols ra? TOVTCOV dp^ds TCOV OVTCOV dp^ds corjOrjaav elvai 
TrdvTcov. eVel e TOVTCOV ol dpiO^ol fyvaei irpwToi, ev &e 5 
rot? dpiO/jiOLS e&oKOvv Oewpelv o/JboitofjiaTa 7ro\\a rot? ovai 
teal &lt;yi,yvo/jL6VOi&lt;; /JLO\\OV r) ev Trvpl Kal 717 teal v$ari, OTL 
TO fiev roiovBl TWV apiOfA&v TrdOos Si/caioavvrj, TO $e Toiovol 
Se 



GKCLCTTOV OfjiOiCOS, Tl 6 TO)V pfJiOVlWV .V pi/JiOL^ OpVTS I0 

a Trddrj Kal TOVS \6&lt;yovs, eVetS?) TO, /mev a\\a roZ? 
&lt;l(f)aiv6To Trjv (frvcriv d^wfJiOLMcrOai Trdaav, OL o 
rdo-rjs TT}? (frvcrecos TTptoTOi, TCL T&V apt,0fJL&v crrot- 
TWV OVTCOV aTOi^ela trdvTcov VTreXajSov elvai, Kal TOV 
o\ov ovpavov dpfjioviav elvai Kal dpiO/JLOV. 15 

985 a 15 &lt;paivovTai brj Kal OVTOL TOV dpiOuov voai^ovTes 
Kal co? vkrjv rot9 oven Kal co? 7rd07j re Kal 
e^et?, TOV 8 dpiOfJiov GToiyela TO T apTiov Kal TO TcepiTTov, 
TOVTCOV oe TO uev aTreipov, TO Se Trepaauevov, TO 8 ev ef 
dutyoTepcov elvai TOVTCOV Kal &lt;ydp apTiov elvai Kal nrepiTTOV, 20 
TOV S dpiOuov 6K TOV evo&lt;$, dpiOuovs Se, KaOdirep eiprjTat, 
TOV o\ov ovpavov. 

20 Aristotle metaphysica A 5. 986 a 22 eTepoi Se TWV 

\eryovcriv elvai ra9 KaTa 

\6yojuievas, Trepan Kal direipov, TrepiTTOv Kal 25 
dpTcov, ev Kal 7rX7}^o9, Be^tov Kal dpiaTepov, dppev Kal 
6ri\v, rjpeuovv Kal Kivovjjuevov, evdv Kal Kau7rv\ov, (^W9 Kal 
cr/coT09, djaOov Kal KaKov, T6Tpd&lt;ycovov Kal eTepo/jLTjKe^. 
ovirep TpoTrov eoiKe Kal AXK/Aaicov o KpoTcoviaTr)? vTro\a- 

9 



10 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [20 

{3eiv, Kai Y]TOi ouro? Trap eKeivwv rj eKelvoi nrapa TOVTOV 
Trape\a(Bov TOP \oyov TOVTOV KOI yap eyeveTO TTJV rfKiKiav 
eVl yepovTi Tlvdayopa, aTre^vaTO o~e Trapa- 
TOVTOW. (frijcrl yap elvai, Svo Ta TroXXa TWV 
5 dvOpwTTivwv, \eywv ra? eW^rtoT^ra? ov% w&Trep OVTOL 
SiwpicriJbevas aX\a ra? Tv%ovo-as, olov \evicov fjuekav, 
y\v/cv TTiKpov, ayaOov tca/cov, fjueya jJUKpov. OUTO? p,ev 
ovv a$iopi(TT(0&lt;; ajreppi-^re irepl TWV \OLTTWV, ol Be Tlv0a- 
yopeiOL teal iroo-ai /cal TIVCS at evavTiuxreis aTre^vavTO. 
10 Trapa }iev ovv TOVTWV afjufyolv TOCTOVTOV ecrTi \aftelv, 
OTL TavavTia ap^al TWV QVTWV TO 8 oaai Trapa TWV 
6Tepcov /cal TIVGS avTai el(Tiv. TTW? /jievTOi 7T|00? ra? 
atria? eVSe^erat &lt;Tvva&lt;yayeli&gt;, cra^co? fjiev ov 
Trap 1 e/ceivcov, eoi/cacn, S co? ev v\r)s et8et TO, 
5 crTOL^ela TaTTeiv etc TOVTWV yap &)? evvTrap^ovTwv crvv- 

/cal Tre7r\dcr6aL (paal TTJV ovcriav. 

21 Aristotle metaphysica A 5. 987 a 13 ol Se HvOayo- 
&vo p,ev ra? ^PX^ KaTa TOV avTov elprjtcacri, Tporrov, 
TOCTOVTOV Se Trpoo-eTreOecrav, o Kal iSiov eo-Tiv avTwv, OTL 
20 TO 7r67rpa(7fjievov /cat, TO aireipov teal TO ev ov% erepa? 
Tivas a)tf07]o-av elvai &lt;pvcreL$, olov Trvp /cal yrjv rj TI 
TOIOVTOV Tpov, ttXX avTo TO ciTTeipov /cal avTO TO v 
ovaiav elvai TOVTWV wv KaTqyopovvTaL, Sib /cal a 
elvai Tr)v ovcriav aTrdvTwv. TrepL re TOVTWV ovv [sc. 
25 v\rj&lt;; /cal r^9 atrta? T^? oOev rj /civrjaL^ TOVTOV airefyrjvavTo 
TOV TpoTrov, Kal 7repl TOV Ti eaTiv TJp^avTO (Jiev \eyeiv Kal 
opi^eaOai, \iav 8 aTrXw? eTrpay/jiaTevdrjaav. wpi^ovTo re 
yap eTriTToKaiws, Kal c5 TrpwTW virdp^eiev o \e^6el^ opos, 
TOVT elvai TTJV ovcriav TOV trpdy/jiaTos evo/Ai^ov, wcrTrep 
3 o el T9 oloiTO TavTov elvai, Si7r\do-iov Kal T^V SvaSa, SLOTL 
roi? Bvcrl TO &i7r\dcrLov. 



22] 



Ill THE ELEATIC HENISTS 

22 Aristotle metaphysica A 5. 986 b 9 TWV pev ovv 
TraXaiwv Kal TrXeiw \eybvrwv Ta aTOi^ela T??9 (frvcretos eK 
TOVTWV iKavbv eaTi Oewprjcrai TTJV Bidvoiav elcrl Be Tives 
o l irepl TOV rcavTOS fc&gt;9 dv fjuds 0170-779 (frvcrews aTrefyrjvavTO, 

TpOTTOV B OV TOV aVTOV TTaVTCS OVT TOV /C&lt;xXw9 OVT TOV 5 

Kara rriv d&gt;vaiv. els /^ev ovv TTJV vvv aKe^nv TWV aiTiwv 

t \ " f -v J\ f/ 

ovBa/jiws (TwapfAOTTei, rcepi avTwv o A,oyo$ ov yap 
evioi TWV (j)vo-io\6ycov ev viroOe^evoi TO ov o/x&)9 7 1 
&&amp;gt;9 e^ uX?;9 ToO evos, aXX eTepov Tpbrcov OVTOI \e 
eKelvoi fiev nrpoo-Tideao-i KLVTJO-LV, yevvwvTes ye TO jrai/, 10 
ouTot B aKivrjTov elvai fyacriv. ov fArjV d\\d TOQ-OVTOV y 
oiKelbv eo-Ti T$ vvv aKe^rei. TLap/jLeviB^ i*ev yap eoiKe 
TOV Kara TOV \6yov evbs dirreo-dai, MeXto-o-09 Be TOV Kara 
Tr]V v\r)v Btb Kal 6 fjiev TreTrepao-fjLevov, b 8 direipov ^TJCTIV 
elvai avTO- Sevo^avrj^ Be TrpwTO? TOVTWV evicras, b yap 15 
Hap/jieviBrjs TOVTOV \eyeTai yevecrOai, /xa^T^9, ovBev ote- 
o-atyrjvio-ev, ovBe Trjs ^&gt;uo-ea)9 TOVTWV ovBeTepas eoiKe 6 
&lt;xXX 669 TOV o\ov ovpavbv a7ro/3Xe^a9 TO ev elvai 
TOV Oebv. ovTOi fjiev ovv, KaOd-rrep efaopev, d^ereoi _ 
TTjv vvv irapovaav ^TTJO-LV, ol fJ^ev Bvo Kal rrd^Trav &&amp;gt;9 20 
6W69 fjiiKpbv dypoiKOTepoi, Eevotydvrjs Kal MeXto-o-o9 
TlapueviB T]? Be /zaXXoz^ J3\e7r(ov eoiKe TTOV \eyeiv. Trapa 
yap TO ov TO ^ ov ovBev d%i&v elvai, et; dvdyK^ ev 
066T&lt;xt elvai TO ov Kal aXXo ovBev, rcepl ov crafacrTepov 
ev T069 Trepl $vcreu&gt;&lt;$ elprjKajJiev, dvayKa^bfievos B a/coXou- 25 
Oelv T0t9 (fraivo/jievois, Kal TO ev fjiev Kara TOV \oyov, 
TrXeta) Be Kara rr)V aio-O^o-iv V7ro\afji/3dv(ov elvai, Bvo T9 
aiTias Kal Bvo T&lt;x9 dpyas rra\iv TiUTycn, uepjjiov Kai ^v^pov, 
olov 7rvp Kal yrjv \eywv TOVTWV Be KCLTCL pev TO bv TO 
Oeppov TaTTei, OaTepov Be Kara TO jjirj ov. 3 

11 



Xenophanes 



Parmeuides 



12 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [23 
23 Xenophanes 

fr. 1 et9 #609 ev re Oeolcn /cal dvOpa)Troicrt 
Mullach ot;T6 Sefj,a$ Qvrjroicriv opoiios ovre 

oXo9 opa o5Xo9 Be voel 0^X09 Be r d/covei. 

aXX dirdvevOe TTOVOIO voov (f)pevl Trdvra /cpaBaivei. 

alel 8 ev ravrw ^i^vei Kivovfjievo^ ovBev, 

cri 6eov&lt;$ yevvdcrOaL . 
crfyerepriv $ eo-Oijrd r eyeiv (bwvtfv re deaas re. 

y / &lt;? ri &gt; )\/ 

6t roi V6tott9 7 euvov poes tie Xeo^T69 
TI &lt;i7T7roi&gt; rypdifrai, [^ipeo-at] /cal epya re\elv 
aTrep avopes, 

ITTTTOl p,eV # ITTTrOlcri, ySo69 ^6 T ffoVCrlv OjJLOia^ 

/cai /ce 6ewv loeas eypafov /cal crco/^ar ITTOIQVV 
roiavO olov Trep /cavrol Be^a^ el^ov O/JLOLOV. 
Travra 6eol&lt;$ dveOrj/cav ff O/jLTjpos # ? H&lt;TtoSo9 T6 
oo-aa Trap dvdptoTTOLaiv oveiSea /cal -1/^0709 eariv, 
K\eTrreiv uoweveiv re /cal aXX?;Xof9 drrareveLv. 



24 Xenophanes 



8 
9 

10 
12 



14 



15 

16 



yap Travra /cal et? 777^ Trdvra re\evra. 

yaiT/9 T6 /cal vSaros eKyevo/jbecrOa. \ 
77) /cal vSwp rrdvr eaO ocra yivovr rjSe (pvovrai. 
yair}? ^ev roSe Trelpas dvw Trap Trocrcrlv opdrai 
alOepi Trpoarr\d^ov rd /cdrco S e 9 ajreipov l/cdvecl 
/cat, TO fiev ovv craves ovns dvrjp &lt;yever ovSe ns earai 
elStos d{t(f)l Oewv re /cal dacra \eyei, Trepl Trdvrcov 
eu yap /cal rd fjudKiara rvyoi rere^eaaevov elircov, 
avro? opcos ov/c olSe- So/cos 8* eirl Tracri rerv/crai. 
ravra SeSogacrrai, /jiev eoiKora rot 9 
ovroi aTr dp%f]s Trdvra Oeol 6vr)rol&lt;$ 
&lt;xXXa xpovw fyrovvres e$&gt;evpicncovo-iv dfjieivov. 

25 Parmenides Trpooi/jiiov 

%/36w 8e ere Trdvra Trv6ecr6ai 28 Stein 

r/pev d\7]6e i7]^ evTreiOeos drpe^ rjrop 

aXX 6/A7T779 /cal ravra paQiqa-eai, 0)9 rd So/covvra 



26l PAKMENIDES 13 



%pr) Bo/Ci/JUDS elvai Bid travTos Travra Trepwvra. 

AeOcnre 8 0^609 ajreovra vow TrapeovTa (3e/3aic0s 
ov yap aTTOTfJiri^ei TO eov TOV eovTOS 
ovTe a KiSvdfJievov TrdvTrj TrdvTws Kara 
ovre crvvidTafJievov. . . . 

j;vvov $e fjboi e&lt;JTiv 
juat,, roOt yap 7ra\iv l^ofjiai av0w 
o \eyew re voelv r" eov efji/jbevai. eari yap 
elvai 51 

/jiTjSev & OVK ecrTLV. TO, (T eycD &lt;ppd%6CT0ai, avcoya. 
26 Parmenides ra Trpbs a\r)6eiav 

el 8 ay eyaiv epea), KOfjLicrai Be crv fivOov d/covo-as 43 
aiirep 6Sol /j,ovvai Stf^to? elori vorjaai. 
77 /jiev OTTO)? ecrnv re Kal &)? OVK ecm /JLTJ elvai 
TreiOovs ecm tceKevOos, d\rj6eiy yap OTTTjSeL 
rj & &)? OVK eo"Tiv re KCLI ft&gt;? %pea&gt;v ecrn fir] eivai, 15 
rrjv $r] rot (frpd^a) TravaireiOea e/A/nev drapTrov 
ovre yap av yvoirjs TO ye fir) eoz&gt;, ov yap dvvaTov, 
ovTe (f)pd(raw TO yap avTo voelv eo-riv Te /cal elvai, 50 
TrpcDTrjs ydp a dfi oo*ov TavTrjs St^crto? &lt;elpy(D&gt;. 
avTap eireiT diro TTJS f}v &rj (3poTol elSoTes ovSev 20 

Si/cpavoL d/mrj^avir) ydp ev avTwv 55 

IBvvei 7T\aytCTov voov ol Se &lt;f&gt;opovvTai 

V(f)\ol Te, TeOrjTCOTe^, a/cpiTa 
ot9 TO TTe\eiv Te Kal OVK elvai TavTov 
KOV TavTov, TrdvTcov 8e 7ra\iVTp07ro&lt;; eaTi Ke\ev6o&lt;f 25 
ov ydp fjLiJTTOTe TOVTO Sa/ji TI [codd. SafJLrj}, elvai pr) eovTa. 
d\\d av TTJo-S tt(/&gt; oSov Si^rj&ios elpye voTjfJba. 61 

fjirjSe &lt;r 6^09 7ro\VTreipov 6$ov KaTa TrjvBe {BidcrOw 33 
vco/jidv ao-KOTrov o/uifMa Kal rj^rjeo-aav aKovrjv 
Kal y\S)(TO-av, Kplvai $e \6yq&gt; 7ro\v8r)pLv e\ey%ov 35 30 
e efjieOev prjOevTa. /JLOVOS S en pvOos oSoto 36. 62 
ft)9 edTiV. TavTrj 8 eVl ar]^aT eao~i 

ft)9 dyevrjTov eov Kal dva)\e9pov 
ov\ov uovvoyeves Te Kal aTpe/jies 778 [Brandis ouS J 

(TTOV, 65 

ouSe TTOT rjv ovS* ecrTai ejrel vvv eaTiv, OJULOV Trdv, 35 



14 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [27 

27 Plato sophist 244 D HE. Tt Be; TO 6\ov erepov TOV 

6Wo9 e^o? r) ravrov ^crovcn TOVTW ; EAI. IIw? yap 

ov (f)rjo ov(ri re KOI (fracriv ; HE. Et Toivvv o\ov 
KOI Tlap/jieviBrjs \eyei, 

irdvToOev ev/cvtcXov o-tyaiprjs eva\iyKiov oy/ca), 
/jbeo-aoOev IcroiraKe^ Trdvrrj TO yap ovTe Ti 
OVT6 TI {3aioT6pov 7T6\evai, Xpeov ecrrt TTJ rj 



TOIOVTOV ye ov TO ov /juecrov re KOI ea^aTa %ei, TavTa Be 
e^ov Trdcra dvay/crj pepr) e^eiv rj TTW?; EAI. OWTO)?. 

10 HE. AXXo. fjurjv TO ye fjLefj,epicr/j,evov TrdOos fnev TOV ez^o? 
e^eiv eVl rot? fiepecri Trdcriv ovSev d7roKO)\vei,, Kal TavTrj 
Brj Trdv re ov Kal oKov ev elvai. EAI. Ti S ov ; HE. 
To Be 7re7rov6os TavTa dp OVK dBvvaTov avTO ye TO ev 
avTo elvai; EAI. IIco?; HE. A/xe^e? Btf TTOV Bel 

15 7ravT\a)&lt;; TO ye d\rj0w&lt;; ev /caTa TOV opdov \oyov elpfjcrQai. 
EAI. Aet yap ovv. HE. To Be ye TOLOVTOV e/c 7ro\\wv 
ov ov crvjjitytdvrjo-ei, rc3 [oXft)] \oyw. EAI. 



28 Parmenides TCL TT/DO? a 




TavTov S ecrrl voelv re KOI ovve/cev e&Ti voiy/Aa 97 
20 ov yap dvev TOV ebvTos ev w irefyaTio-jjLevov etrrlv 

evprjcreis TO voelv. ovBe %povos [codd. ovB el %povos] 

O~TIV TI ecrrai 

d\\o 7rdpe% TOV eovTOS, evrel TO ye Motyo eTreBrjo-ev 100 
ov\ov dfcivrjTov T efievai. TW irdvT OVO/JL* 
ocraa ftpoTol KaTeOevTO TreTrot^ore? elvai d 
25 ylveo-0ai re Kal oXkvcrOai, elvai re Kal OVKL, 

Kal TOTTOV d\\dao-eiv, Bid re %poa (f)avov d/jiei/3eLV. 

29 Parmenides ra Trpos Botfav 

ev TCO dot Travd) TTICTTOV \oyov rjBe vor/fjia 
dfjityls d\rj9eLri^ Sofa? 8 diro TOvBe fSpoTeLas 
/jidvOave, KoafAOV e/ji&v eTrecov diraTrp^bv aKovwv. 115 
3 o /jLOp(j)ds yap KaTeOevTO Bvo yvwfiai^ ovo^d^eiv 

TCOV /jiiav ov %pe(*)V C&TLV, ev w TreTr\avr][JLevoi elaiv 
dvTia 8 eKpivavTO Be^as, Kal cr^yLtar eOevTo 

a7r dXX^Xa)^, rfj fjuev &lt;j)\oybs aldepiov Trvp 



31] PARMENIDES, ZENO 15 

TJTTIOV ov, fjiey dpaiov, [eXacfrpov], eavTu* trdvTOcre 



TavTov, 120 

TO) 8 erepw fjirj ravrov arap KaKelvo tear avTov 



dvTia, VVKT^ dSafj, TTVKIVOV Se^as efJiftpiOes re. 

TO)V (TOL eyO) S{,dKO&lt;7UOV eOLKOTa TTaVTtt (fraTi^O), 

o&gt;9 ov ytt^TTOTe rt? ere /Bporwv JVCO/AT) TrapeXdo-ar). 5 

avrap eTreiSrj irdvra (/&gt;ao9 Kal vv OVOJA earl 125 

KOI ra Kara crfyeTepas Svvd/Aeis eVl TOLCTL re Kal rot?, 
TTCLV 7T\eov ecrrlv O/JLOV &lt;^&gt;a60? Kal VVKTOS dfydvrov, 
io-cov dfuL^orepoov, eVel ovSerepw fiera fjLTjSev. . . . 
al yap crTeivorepai [sc. crre^)dvaC\ 7r\ijvTai, Trvpos aKpij- 

TOI,O, 133 I0 

al & Trl rat? VVKTOS, fiera 8 
ev $e /^eo-ft) TOVTCOV Sai/jbtov rj irdvra 



30 Theophrastus de sensu 3 Hapjj,evlS7]&lt;; pen ydp 
ovSev d(f)(*)piKV, d\\d fjiovov OTL Svoiv OVTOLV 
/card TO VTrep/BdXXov earlv rj &lt;yvwo-is. edv yap virepaipr) x s 
TO Oepfjibv rj TO tyv^pov, aXXijv yivea-6ai TTJV Sidvoiav, 
/3e\ria) Se Kal Kadapwrepav rr)v Sta TO Oepfjiov ov /jurjv 
d\\d Kal ravTTjv Seladal TWOS a-v[Ji[jLeTpia&lt;$ w? yap 



eKaarore, 



Kpa&lt;riv 
OO? ^009 dvOpwTTOKTi TrapearriKev TO yap avTo 

eCTTLV O7Tp (})pOl&gt;eL, {ji6\6CdV (J)VO~IS, dvOpCtilTOLO LV 

Kal rraa-iv Kal nravTi TO ydp Tr\eov eaTi vorj/jia. 
TO yap ala6dveo-6ai Kal TO (frpoveiv &&amp;gt;9 TavTo \eyei,. 



31 Plato Parmenides 127 D TOV ovv ^coKpaTr) aKov- Zeno 
akiv T KeXevcrai TJ]V 7rp(t)Ti]v vTroOeauv TOV 
\oyov dvayvwvai, Kal dvayvcoaOeio-rjs, ITco9, 
(frdvai, co 7*r)vu&gt;v, TOVTO \eyeis; el vroXXa eaTi TCL ovTa, 
&&amp;gt;9 apa Set avTa ouoid TC elvai Kal dvofJLOia, TOVTO Se 
$rj dSvvaTOV OVTC ydp Ta dvojjioia ofjuoia ovTe Ta oftoia 30 
dvofJLOia olov T6 elvau; ov% OVTCO \eyeis; OVTO), fydvai 
TOV Zirjvcova. QVKOVV el a&vvaTov Ta Te dvofioia ofjboia 
elvai Kal TCL oaoia dvo/jioia, dbvvaTOv Srj Kal 7ro\\d elvai, 
el ydp 7ro\\d eiij, Tcd&lt;jyoi dv Ta d&vvaTa. dpa TOVTO 



16 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [31 



eaTiv o ftovXovTai aov ol \oyot,, ov/c aXXo TL 97 
Trapa TrdvTa ra Xeyo//&lt;em, &)? ov TroXXa eaTi. KOI TOVTOV 
avTov Oiei aoi TeKjJuripiov eivau e/caaTOv TWV \6ycov, wcrre 
Kai rjyel rooravra re/c/uujpia irape^eaOai, oaovairep Xoryoi^ 
s yeypa(f&gt;as, co? ov/c ecrrt TroXXa ; OVTCO Xe^ei?, rj eyco ov/c 
Kara/j,av0dva) ; OVK, aXXa, fydvai rbv 2*r)vu)va, 
avviJKas o\ov TO ypd/ju/jia o ySouXerat. M.av0di&gt;co, 
elirelv TOV ^coKparr), & Hap/ieviS?}, OTL Ztfvcov oSe 
ov fjiovov TTJ d\\rj aov (f)i\la /3ouXerat wtceiwcrOai,, 
10 aXXa KOI TO) o-vyypdfjL/jLari. ravrbv ydp ryetypafa rpoTrov 
rivd ojrep crv, /jiTa/3d\\c0v Be ^a? Treipdrai egaTrardv 
&)? erepov TI ~\eya)v. o~v {lev yap ev rot? Troi^^aaiv ev 
(f&gt;rjs eivai TO Trdv, real TOVTCOV TeK/jirjpia Trape^ei /mXco? re 
Kal V oSe Se av ov TroXXa fyiqcnv elvai, Te/c/jujpLa Se /cal 
15 CLVTOS 7rdfjLTro\\a KOI Tra/jb/meyeOTj irape^eTai. TO ovv TOV 
ev (frdvcu, TOV Se /jirj TroXXct, KOI OVTWS e/caTepov \eyeiv, O 

TCOV avT&v elpij/cevai So/celv cr^eSov TI \eyovTas 
, virep r)/j,a&lt;? rou? aXXou? &lt;$&gt;aiveTai vfjilv TCL elpTj/jueva 
. Nat, fydvai TOV Ztrjvcova, co Sw/cyoare?. crv o 
20 ovv Trjv d\r)9eiav TOV 7/?a//^aro9 ov TravTa^ov ycrd^o-ai. 
tcaiToi wo-irep 76 al Adtcatvai crKv\aK6s ev fjieTaOels re /cal 
tyvevets Ta \6%0evTa- aXXa TrpwTov jjiev ere TOVTO \av6dvei, 
OTL ov TravTaTracriv OVTCO o-e^vvveTai, TO ypd/ji/jia, wcrre 
aTrep crv Xe^et? SiavorjOev ypa^Tjvai,, rou? dv6pa)7rov$ ^77 
25 [codd. Be] eTTi/cpvirTo/jbevov w? TL /jueya ^ianrpaTTOfjuevov 
dXXa av fjiev etTre? TMV av^/Se^/coTcov TI, eaTt, Se TO ye 
s /3or)6eid rt? raOra TCL ypd/jL/jiaTa rc3 Tlap/j,evlc)ov 
Trpos roi/9 eTT^eipovvTa^ avTov KcofjLwSelv, &&amp;gt;? el ev 
TroXXa Kal ye\ota av/jL/3aivei, irda^eiv rco \6&lt;yw /cal 
3 o evavTia avT&lt;x&gt;. dvTiJXeyei 8rj ovv TOVTO TO ypafju^a TT^OO? 
TOU? Ta TroXXa \e&lt;yovTa&lt;$, Kal avTaTroSiScoai TavTa /cal 
TrXeto), TOVTO ftovKofJievov rj\ovv, w? ert yeXoioTepa Trda^oi 
av avTwv rj vTroOeais, el TroXXa eaTiv, rj 77 TOV ev elvai, 
el rt9 l/cavw? eTre^ioL 

35 32 Aristotle physica Z 9. 239 b 9 TtTTapes 8 elal \6yoi, 
Trepl /civrjaecos TATJVWVOS ol Trape^ovTes ra9 o vatco\las TOL&lt;? 
\vovaw 7T/3WT09 pev 6 Trepl TOV fjt&gt;rj KivelaQai Sid TO Trpo- 
Tepov 6i9 TO r)^iav Selv dfyiKeaOai TO (pepouevov rj jrpbs TO 



32] ZENO 17 

reXo9, Trepi ov Siei\ofjiev ev rot? TrpoTepov \6yoi&lt;$. Sevrepos 
8 o KaKovpevos A^AXeiV ecrn S OUTO?, OTL TO fipaSvrepov 
ovBeiTOTe Kard\r](^OricreTaL deov VTTO TOV ra^icrrov e/j,- 
Trpoo-Oev yap dvay/calov ekQelv TO SIWKOV oOev Mp^de TO 
v, war aei TI nrpoe^eiv avayicalov TO Ppa&vrepov. s 
8e KOI OUTO? o avros Xo7O9 TW S^oTOf6e/. . . . eV 
jap (TVfjbjBaivei f^rj afyiKveiorOai Trpo? TO Trepan 
Si,aipovjji6vov TTft)? Toi) jjLeyeOovs a\\a Trpoa/ceiTai, ev rovra) 
on, ov$e TO TCL^KITOV Terpayw^^evov ev TW Siairceiv TO 
(3paSi)TaTOV. &aT CLVCU^KJ] KOL rrjv "Kvo-iv elvai efcaTepcov Trjv 1 
avTYjV. TO 8 a^iovv OTL TO irpoe^ov ov KaTa\a{A{3dv6Tai, 
tyevoos OT6 yap irpoe^ei, ov KaTa\a/j 
KaTa\a/Ji(3dvTai, eiirep Saxrei, StefteWt T?JV 
OVTOL /lev ovv ol Bvo \6yoi, TpiTos 8 o vvv prjOels, on rj 
otcrT09 (frepofjuevij eo-TrjKev. a-v^ftaivei, Se irapd TO \a\iftavziv J 5 
T v XP OVOV wryicelarOai etc TWV vvv /jirj Stoo/Jievov yap TOVTOV 
OVK co-Tat, 6 avXkoyio-fJio^. TeTapTos 8 6 Trepi TWV ev T&&amp;gt; 
(TTaSitt&gt; KLVOVfjuevwv et; evavTias LQ-COV oyiccov Trap l croL 9, TWV 
pev CLTTO TeXou? ToO aTaSiov, TWV 8 diro /jiecrov, tcrco Ta^et, 
ev co crvfJifBaiveiv oleTai laov elvai %povov TW StvrXacrtco TOZ&gt; 2 
T^LKTW. ecrTi S o TnzoaX 0^07^0 9 ev TU&gt; TO jjiev Trapa KLVOV- 
/jievov TO Se Trap rjpe/jiovv TO LCTOV fj,eye6o&lt;; dfyovv TOO 
Ta^eu TOV Icrov &lt;f)epeo-0at %povov. 



IV THE PLUEALISTS 

Empedocies 33 Sextus Empiricus VII 123 \eyet Be [sc. E///7reoV 

o AfcpayavTivos] Trepl /Jiev rov /JLTJ ev rals alcrOr)- 
rrjv Kpidiv rdXrjOovs . VTrdp^eiv OVTW 

o-reivwTTol jjuev yap TrcCKa^ai Kara yvla Ke^yvrai 2 Stein 

TroXXa Be SetX efjiTraia rd r d/ji(3\vvov(7i, 

iravpov Be o&gt;^9 dftiov /Jbepos dOprjo-avres 

wKVfjLopoi KaTrvolo Bitcrjv dpOevTes dTTeTTTav, 

avrb fjbovov Treio-Oevres OTW TTpoo-eicvpo-ev eh 

TravTQG ekavvofLevoL. TO S o\ov &lt;Trav&gt; 

evpelv. 

OVTWS OVT eTriSepKTa TaS dvBpdcriv OUT eTrarcovcrTa 
ovTe vow TrepiK^TTTd. 

Trepl Be TOV ^ elvai els TO TravTe\es a\r)TrTov Trjv 

aXX ecf) bcrov iKvelTCii o dvOpwTrivos 
vTrdp^eiv, Biaaafai Tot9 Trpotceijjievois eTTidx 

av o ovv, eTrel &B eXidadrjs, 
ov TT\eov r)e ftpoTeir) /JLTJTIS opwpev. 10 

KCH, oia TWV egfjs e7Tt7rX^gct9 Tot9 TrXeoz^ eTrayyeX^OLLevois 
yiyvcocrfceiv, TraplorTrjcriv QTI TO Bi e/cdcrTTjs alo-0r)(recos 
\ajjijBavoiJievov TTHTTOV evTi TOV \6yov TOVTCOV e r t 
20 T09, Kaiirep TTpoTepov /caTaBpa/jiGDV TTJS CLTT CLVT&V 
(pTjcri yc^p 

aXXa, ueoi, TWV fiev fjiavirfv dTroTpetyaTe r y\((To~ris ) 
e/c 8 oaicov (TTO^dTwv rcaflaprjv 6%TevcraTe 
fcal ae, Tro\vfjLvi](TT r) \ev/cco\eve Trapdeve 
25 avTOfJiai, wv #e/u9 ecrTiv e(f&gt;ij/j,epioi,(Ti,v dicoveiv 

Tre/jLTre Trap* Eucre/9^9 e Xaouo- eviqviov apfJLa. 15 

18 



35] EMPEDOCLES 19 



^778 e/xe 7 ev$6t;oio /3itfcreai avOea 

777309 Ovrjrwv dv6\eo-0ai, e &lt; o5 00^779 TrXeov 

Odacrei KOI Tore Sri crodtlrts eV atcpoidi Oodteiv. 

,$W &lt;ty *$&- ~**kh r / - S^ 

ttXXa fyap aupei Tra? TraXafjurj iry orjhov 6/ca&lt;TTOv, 

/jirjTe TIV otyiv %a)V TT KJT&I ifkeov rj icar aKovrjv 20 5 
37 d/corjv eplSovirov VTrep rpavc^/juara ry^coaonjs 
fj,rJT6 TL rwv d\\a&gt;v ( OTTTTrj TTOyoo? earl vorjo-cu, 
&lt;yvi(DV TT KTTLV epv/ce voei S f) Srj\ov eicao-Tov. 
34 Empedocles 



recrcrapa TCOV TTCLVTCOV pLcofjiara irpMTOv cfcove 33 



( re 



0* rj Sa/cpvois reyyei, Kpovvw^a ftporeiov. 
a\\o 8e rot epea) (^ucrt? ovSevos eo-nv aTravrcov 36 
Qvrirwv ov$e Tt9 ov\ofjuevov davdroto 
dXkd [Jbbvov yittft? re StaXXa^/? re 
earl, (f)V(7(,s 8 eVl rot? ovofjud^ercu dvOpcoTroio-iv. ... 15 

77 Se %0cbv eTTLTjpos ev evo-repvots ^odvoidiv 198 

rob Suo rwv ofcra) fjuepecov Xa^e N^crrtSo? 0^7X779 
recraapa S H^o-to-roto, ra 8 ocrrea \ev/cd yevovro 
dpfjuovlris Ko\\r)(Tiv dprjpora deo-TrecrirjOev. 
35 Empedocles 

70^77 /Ltez^ 7^ &gt;yaiav oTrcoTra/xe^ vSan S vScop, 333 20 

alOepi S aWepa &2ov, drap Trvpl Trvp al8rj\ov, 
(TTOpyf) Se crTopyrfv, vet/cos Se re veiicel \vypq). 
6K TOVTWV &lt;7/3&gt; iTavTCi TTeTTijyacriv dpfJiocrOevTa 336 
/cat TOUT019 (frpoveovai, /cal rjSovr* 778 dviMvrat,. 

Theophrastus ^e se?^s^^ 7 ^77680^X779 . . . ^770-1 TW 25 

[sc. r9 a7royopoa9J 6t9 T0i&gt;9 Tropovs rot 9 
[sc. at o-#77cree09] alcr6dvea6ai Sib teal ov ^vvaaOai 
rd d\\r)\a)i&gt; Kpiveiv, on rwv ^ev evpvrepoi TTCOS, TMV 8e 
rvy^dvovo-tv ol iropoi Trpos TO ala"6r)Tov, ft&gt;9 
dTTTojjieva %&gt;ievToveiv [Usener 8t6/c7rz^e^], ra 8 3 

ov ^vvavQai. 

Aristotle de anima T 3. 427a21 /eat ot x 76 dp^aloi 
TO fypovelv real TO alaOdveaOai, ravTov elvai ^aviv, wcnrep 
Kal EyLt7re8o/cX7J9 elprj/ce 

7T/009 trapebv &lt;ydp fjLrJTis de^erai, dvOpcoTroicriv. 35 



20 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [36 

36 Empedocles f~ i^^uc^^ 

StTrX epeay Tore pev yap ev rjv^tjOr) /JLOVOV elvai 61 
etc 7r\eova)v, Tore 8 av Biecftv irKeov ef ez&gt;o? elvai. 
Soirj Se Ovrjrwv yeveai? Sot?) S diroXei^i^ 
T7)V /jiv yap Trdvrcov crvvo&os TiKrei r oXe/eet re, 
77 Se TraKiv ^ia^vojjuevwv Ope^Oelaa [Panzerbieter : codd. 
6pv(f)6eio~a] SieTTTT). 65 

Kal ravr a\\d&lt;To-ovTa Sia/HTrepes ovbafjua \ij&lt;yei, 
a\\ore pev ^Xor^Ti o-vvep^ofJLev 6t9 ev aTravra, 

S av $1% e/cacrra (popevfAeva Net/ceo? evjdei. . . . 
yap /cal Trplv eeura Trifyava Kwv Treipara fjbvOcov 75 
epea) rore fjuev yap ev 7]v^r)6^ JAOVOV elvai 
etc 7T\,eovwv, rore S av $ie(j)v TrXeoi^ e ez^o? elvai, 
Trvp /cal vScop Kal yala Kal rjepo^ a7r\TOi&gt; vtyos. 78 
Tavra yap Icra re Travra Kal r}\iKa yevvav eacn, 87 
S aXX?79 aXXo fieSei, Trapa S ^#09 eKaorrw. 

Kpareovcn 7rpi7r\o/jievoio %povoio 112 

ovXojjLevov &i%a TWV draXavrov ciTrdvTr) 79 

eV TOICTIV iarj /jirJKOS re 7rXaro9 T6. 
cry z^oft) SepKov, /Jir)& o/jL/maoriv rjao 
Kal Ovr]Tol(7i vo/jLi^erai e/jL(f)vro 
rfj re &lt;pi\a &lt;f&gt;poveovcri, Kal apOfjaa epya reXoOcrt 
yrjOocrvvrjv Ka~KeovTes eTrcovv/jiov rj& ^AcppoBlr^v 84 

OVTLS jjiecra-oicriv evi^ofjbevrjv [codd. //,er ocroicnv 



dvtfp" av 8 aKOve \bywv crroXo^ OVK 
\ov. 

37 Empedocles 

avrap eyco nra kivopcros e Xeucro/mt 9 nropov v 
25 TOV TTporepov Kare\e^a, \oyov \oyov e^o^erevwv 170 
Kaivov eTrel Nefc;o9 fJ^ev eveprarov iKero {3ev0o$ 
80/779, ev $ pecrr] ^iXorTj^ arpofyakiyyi yevyrai,, 
ev rfj $r) raSe Trdvra avvep^erai ev /JLOVOV elvai, 
OVK d(j)ap, aXXa 6e\7j/jid avvidTafjiev a\\o6ev aXXa. 
30 rwv Se o-vvep^ofnevcov ef ecr^arov to-raro Nefc/co9 175 
TroXXa S an&gt;iyff ecrrTjKe Kepaiofjuevoiaiv e 
ocrcr ert Net/co9 epvKe fjierdpaiov, ov yap df 
7TQ) Trdv e^ecrr^Kev eV ea^ara rep^ara KVK\OV, 



39] EMPEDOCLES, ANAXAGORAS 21 

a\\a rd fiev r eve/ju/uve fjieXecov rd Se T e^e/3e/3rj/cei,, 
ocrcrov S alev vrretcrrpoOeoi, rocrov alev errrjei ISO 

rjTTlCHppCdV QlXoriyrOS ttyLteyU-^eO? dfA/BpOTOS OpjjL7) 

aitya Se Ovrfr* ecfrvovro rd rrplv [jidOov dOdvar* eivai, 
fapd re TO, Trplv aKp^ra, iaXh,d%avra Ke\ev0ovs. 5 

TWV Be re fjuo-yo/jievow %tr eOvea jAVpta OVTJTMV, 
TravToiris ISeycriv dprjpora, Oavfjua ISecrdai,. 185 

38 Empedocles 

77 7ro\\al [lev Kopaai dvav^eve^ e/B^darijo-av, 244 

8 eVXafoz/ro {3pa%ioves evvibes &p.wv, 
T ol eifXavaTO irewYjTevovTa p^erwTrwv. 10 

avrdp eTrel Kara fjuei^ov e/jLicryero Sai/jiovi, ^aijjbwv, 254 
ravrd re crv/j,7ri7rTeo Kov birr) avveKVpaev e/cacrra 
a\\a re Trpbs rot? TroXXo, Siyve/cfj e^eyevovro. 
TroXXa fjiev dfjU(f)L7rp6o-o)7ra real a^iarepva (frvovro 
ffovyevrj dvbpoTrpcopa, rd 8 ejJL7ra\iv e^avere\\ov 15 

dvSpo(j)vr) ftovKpava, fJie/JLiy^eva rfj fjuev air dvSpwv 
TTJ Se yvvaiKO(j)vr), areipois rjo-K^/jieva yviois. 260 

plcicita V 19 E//-7reSo/&lt;;X^9 ra? Trpooras yeveo-eis 
v fcal (f)vra)v jjirjBa/LLa)^ oi\OK\rjpov^ yevecrOai, dcrvjji 
rot? /jiopLois Sie^ewyfjievas ra? Se Sevrepas o-v^vo/juevcov 

etSwXo^ayet? * ra9 8e rplras rwv 6\ 
rerdpras ov/ceri, etc TWV ojjboiwv, olov etc 7779 /cal 



Aristotle physica B 8. 198b29 OTTOV pev ovv ajravra 
fir) waTrep KOLV el eve ted rou eyivero, ravra fjuev (70)07) 2 5 
rov avrojmdrov avo-ravra ejriTrjSeiw ocra Se pr) OVTO)$, 
/cal avroXXfTat, KaOdnrep EyLt7re8o/cX779 \eyet, rd 
fiovyevrj dv^poirpwpa. . . . dSvvarov Se rovrov e^eiv rov 
rpoTrov. ravra JJLGV ydp /cal rrdvra rd fyvcrei 77 del ovrco 
yiverat, 77 0)9 erri TO rro\v, rwv S drro rv ^ys teal rov 3 



39 Aristotle metaphysica A3. 984all Ava^ayopas 8 Anaxagoras 
o KXa^Oyae^i09, T%j^y^ r)\t,jc_ia rrporepos wv rovrov rot9 8 
6/37069 vcrrepos, drceipovs elvaL ^TJO-L rds dp%ds a^eSbv 
ydp drravra rd o/jLoin/jieprj QcaOdirep vBcop rj TrOpJ ovrco 35 
yiyvecrdai, /cal drroXKvo~6ai (frrjo i, avy/cpicrei, real Sta/cplaei, 



22 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [39 



fjbovov, a7rXw9 [codd. aXXa&gt;9] B OVTC yiyveo~0ai ovre airoK- 
\va6ai d\\d Bia/jueveiv diBia. 

Aristotle de caelo F3. 302a28 Avat;ay6pas B 

/c\e2 evavTiws \eyei Trepi TWV crTOL^eiwv. o fjuev yap 

5 /cal yijv KOI TO, (Tvo~TOi^a TovTOis aTOi^eld (frrjcrtv Given 

TWV awfjidTwv /cal avytcelcrdai TTCLVT eic TOVTWV Az^a^- 

ayopas Se TOVVCLVTIOV. Ta yap ofioLO/jiepTJ aTOi^ela, \e&lt;ya) 

S olov o~dp/ca /cal OCTTOVV KOI TWV TOLOVTCOV eKa&lt;TTOV, depa 

Be KOI Trvp /jbuy/jiaTa TOVTWV KOA, TCOV a\\cov 

10 TrdvTcov eivau yap etcaTepov avTwv e% dopaTcov 

rjOpoia/jievov Bib KCLI yiyvecrOai, TTCLVTCL etc TOVTWV. 
40 Anaxagoras, Simplicius in physica 33 V , 34 V 
fr. 1 Schaubach O/JLOV xprjfAaTa TrdvTa rjv, aTreipa /cal 
/cal (rfJu/cpoTrjTa /cal ydp TO crfJUKpov aireipov rjv. 
ical TrdvTcov OJULOV eovTwv ovBev ev$rf\.ov rjv VTTO arjjLLfcpoTtjTo^ 
is TrdvTa ydp dtjp re /cal alOrjp /caTefyev, djJifyoTepa atreipa 
eovTa. TavTa &lt;ydp pe^icrTa eveaTiv ev rot? crv^Trao-i /cal 
7r\r)0el /cal fjueydOe i. 

fr. 2 /cal ydp dijp re /cal alOrjp dTro/cplvovTat, airo TOV 
TTO\\OV TOV irepii XpvTos* /cal TO ye irepie^ov aireipov ecrTi 

20 TO 7r\T)00S. 

fr. 3 TOVTWV Be OVTW&lt;$ e%6vTwv %pr) Bo/ce2v evelvai, 
re teal TravTola ev irdcri, rot? crvyfcpivo^ievo^ /cal 
nrdvTWv ^p^/jidTwv /cal t &ea? TravToias e^ovTa /cal 
/cal rjBovds. 

25 fr. 6 Trplv Be diroKpiOrjvai nrdvTwv O/JLOV eovTwv ovBe 
Xpoirj 6^877X09 rjv ovBefjiia aTreicw\ve yap rj cr?jyii/ut? 
TrdvTwv %p7jfjidTWv, TOV Te Biepov /cal TOV ^rjpov /cal TOV 
0ep/Jiov /cal TOV ^v^pov /cal TOV \afiTrpov /cal TOV 
/cal yrjs TroXX?}? eveovo~r)&lt;i /cal o~7rep/JidTWV aTreipwv 
30 ovBev eoL/coTwv aXX^Xot?. ovBe ydp TWV d\\wv ovBev 

TO eTepov TO) eTepw. 

fr. 14 TOVTWV Be OVTW Bia/ce/cpifjievwv yivooo-iceiv %prj OTI 
ovBev e\dcrcrw eo~Tlv ovBe TC\elw. ov ydp dvvo~Tov 
TcdvTWV &lt;e\do~crw ovBe TrdvTwv&gt; 7r\eiw eivai, aXXa TrdvTa 



35 aa ae. 

fr. 22 TO Be yiveo-Oai /cal diroXX.vadai, ov/c opOws 
&lt;riv ol r/ EXX^z^e9 ovBev ydp %pr/fjia yiveTai ovBe 



42] ANAXAGORAS 23 



CLTTO eovTCDv ^p^jaaTcov o-v/jL/jLLo-yeTai, re /cal SiaKpiverai. 
Kal oimw9 av opOcos Ka\oiev TO re yiveadai crvfJifJiicryeordaL 
Kal TO aTToKKvcrOai ^laKplveaOai. 

41 Diogenes Laertius II 6 OVTOS . . . TT/JWTO? rfj v\y 
vovv eTreo-TTjaev, dpgd/juevos OVTCO TOV o-vyypd/jL/jLaTos ... 5 
TldvTa yprjjJuaTa r\v ouov elra o 1/01)9 e\0a)v avrd 

Anaxagoras, Simplicius in physwa 33 V , 35 r 
fr. 8 rd fjuev a\\a TTCIVTOS fjiolpav /^ere^et, 1^009 Be 
ctTreipov real avrorcpares Kal /Ae/jiiKTCu ov$vl xprj/jLari,, dX\,d 
auro? eV ecovrov earrw el /nrj ydp eV ecovrov rjv, 
Tew e^efJLiKTO a\\w, fjieTel^ev av cnrdvTwv ^prj^aTcov, 1 
el e/jLe/jiLKTo reft)* ev TCCUVTI yap iravTos fAoipa evecrTiv, 
w(T7rep ev Tolai TrpocrOev /JLOL \e\eKTai, Kal av e/ca)\vev 
avTov TCL crvfJbiJiefJii^fJLeva, twcrre /jLTj&evos %pr)fjiaTos KpaTelv 
ofjioicos co? Kal fjiovvov eovTa evr ecovTOV. ecrTi &lt;ydp 

\7TTOTaTOV T TTaVTCOV ^p^fJLaTWV Kal KaOapO)TaTOV Kal 15 

jvcofiTjv ye Trepl TravTos iracrav to"%6t Kal Icryyei /jieyicrTov, 
Kal oaa ye ^rv^v e^et Kal yLtefco Kal eXdacra), TrdvTcov 
voos KpaTel. Kal TT)? Trepi ^wprjcrios r^? o-v/jLTrdar)^ 1/009 
e/cpaTTjaev, wcrre Trepi^coprjaaL TTJV dp%r)v. Kal irpMTov 
diro TOV (T/jiiKpov Tjp^aTO TTepi^copelv, eVl [codd. errel] Be * 
ir\eov Trepi vwpel, Kal Trepi^wpr^crei eTrl TrXeov. Kal TCL 
(7v/jiijito r y6fJLevd re Kal dTTOKpivo/jieva Kal SiaKpivo/jLeva TrdvTa 
eyvw 1/009. Kal OKoia eue\\ev ecrecrdai Kal oKola rjv ocra 
vvv pr) GGTL Kal OKola ecrTi, TrdvTa SieKoo-uTjcre 1/009, Kal 
Trjv TrepL^coprjo-LV TavTrjv TJV vvv 7repi%c0pei TCL re a(TTpa 25 
Kal 6 7)eXt09 Kal rj (re\r)vr) Kal 6 drjp Kal 6 alOrjp ol 
diroKpivofjievoi,. rj $e Trep^doprja-L^ avTTj eTroirjo-ev aTTOKpl- 
vecrOai. Kal diroKpiveTai diro re TOV dpaiov TO TTVKVOV 
Kal diro TOV tyv%pov TO Oepuov Kal airo TOV %o(ppov TO 
\afjb7Tpov Kal ttvro TOU Siepov TO %7)p6v. fjiolpai Se TroXXal 30 
TTO\\WV elo~L. iravTciTfadi Se ovSev cnroKpiveTai ovSe 
SiaKpiveTai eTepov cnro TOV eTepov 7r\r]v voov. 1/009 Se 
?T6t9 0/^0609 ecrTi Kal o fjie^wv Kal o eXd&crQjv. eTepov Se 
ovBev eo~Tiv o^olov ovftevi, aXX oTecov r jr\e io~Ta evi, TavTa 

Ta ev eKacrTOV eaTi Kal TJV. 35 

42 Plato Phaedo 97 B aXX aKovcras aev TTOTC eK 



24 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [42 



\eyovTos &)? apa vovs earlv 6 Bia/coo-fjiwv re teal 

amo?, TavTr) Brj rfj atria rjo-drjv re KOI eBo^e JJLOI TpoTrov 

Tiva 6i&gt; e^eiv TO TOV vovv elvai TTUVTCOV aiTiov, /cal 97777- 

O-d/jiTJV, L TOV0 Ol/T&)9 %(,, TOV ye VOVV KO(T/jLOVVTa TTCLVTa 

5 [/coo-pelv] KOI e/cao-TOv TiOevai TavTy 077-77 av /3e\TicrTa e^y 
el ovv rt? /3ouXotro TTJV alriav evpelv Trepl efcdcrTov 077-77 
jiyveTai, TI aTro\\VTai rj eaTi, TOVTO Selv Trepl avTov 
evpelv, OTrr) (3e\Ti(rTov avTw ecrTiv r) elvai r) aXXo OTIOVV 
Trdcr^eiv rj iroielv e/c Se $r) TOV \6yov TOVTOV ovBev a\\o 
10 crKOTreiv irpoa-rjKeiv dvdpwirw /cal Trepl avTov erceivov /cal 
Trepi a\\o)v aXX rj TO api(TTOv tcai TO /3e\Ti(7TOv. 

98 B aTro Srj Oavjjuao-Tris e XTrtSo?, w eTalpe, M^O/JLTJV fapo- 

Hevos, eTrei$7] Trpoicov /cal dvayiyvwo-Kcov opw civSpa TO) 

jjuev vw ovftev ^pwfjuevov [oue Tivas aiTLas eiraiTito/jLevov] 

15 et? TO Biafcoor/jLeiv Ta irpdy/jiaTa, depas 8e /cal alOepas /cal 

voaTa alTico/jievov teal d\\a Tro\\a /cal arovra. 

Aristotle metapliysica A3. 984 b 14 ov& av TW avTo- 
/cal Tr/ Tv^rj ToaovTov eTUTpe-^rai, Trpay/jia fca\a)&lt;? 
vovv Srf rt? elircDV evelvai KaOdirep ev rot? fcoot? 
20 /cal ev TT) (frvaei TOV aiTiov TOV /COO-/JLOV /cal T?)? rafea)? 
7ra&lt;T77?, olov vr)&lt;&gt;wv e&lt;f&gt;dvr) Trap el/cy Xe^o^ra? TOU? irpoTepov. 
4. 985 a 1 7 o"%e$bv yap ovSev ^pco/jievoi, fyaivovrai TOVTOLS 
dX)C rj /caTa fjU/cpov. Ava^ayopas re yap nvixavfj %prJTal 
Tc3 vat Trpbs Trjv /coo-fjiOTroilav, /cal oTav dTropija-y 8t,d TIV 
2 5 alrlav et; dvdy/crjs e crrt, rore Trape\rcei avTov, ev Se rot? 
TrdvTa /j,a\\ov alTiaTai TWV yiyvofjLevcov rj vovv. 



Leucippus and 43 Simplicius in physica 7 r ovro? fsc. Aev/ci7rTro&lt;;~} 

Democritus ,/ v , v , f r/l . , . 

aireipa /cai aei /ctvovfjieva vrreueTO crTOL^eia ra? aro/zof? 

/cal TWV ev avTol^ (TfflfjbdT&v ajreipov TO vrX^^o? 8ta TO 
30 /jL7]$ev fjLo\\ov TOLOVTOV r) TOLOVTOV elvai /cal yeveaiv /cal 
r)v did\ei7TTov ev rot? ovcri Oecopwv. en, Be ovBev 



TO bv TI TO fir) ov VTrdp^eiv, teal aiTia 



evai rot? ywo/jievois a/za). TTJV yp TWV aTo/jiCDV ovaav 
vaaTrjv /cal TrXtjpTj vTroTiOefJievo^ ov e\eyev elvai /cal ev TCO 
/cevo) (f)epeo-0ai, oirep /z^ ov e /caXet /cal ov/c e\aTTov TOV 
OVTOS elvai (frrjo-i. TrapaTr\r)crico&lt;$ Be /cal 6 eTalpos avTov 
Ar/iLi6/cpi,Tos 6 A/3S?7^tT?79 a/3%a? eOero TO TrX^pe? /cal TO 



44] LEUCIPPUS AND DEMOCRITUS 25 



Kevbv, wv TO /J-ev bv TO Be /mrj bv exaXei 1 &&amp;gt;9 ydp v\rjv rot? 
aTOfAOVs viroTidevTes Ta \oi7rd yevvwori rat9 
avTWV. Tpels Be eiaiv avTai pvcrfjios T/OOTTT) 
TavTOV Be elirelv a^rj/jia /cal OeaiS KOI Taft9. 
7re(f)VKevai yap TO o/jioiov VTTO TOV Ofiolov KivelcrOai Kal 5 
(j)epcr0ai, Ta crvyyevf) TTpos aXX^Xo, /cal TMV 

et? eTepav eyKocr^ov/jievov av^Kpiaiv d\\r)V 
wcrre ev\oya)$ aTreipwv ovcrcov TWV ap^wv 
Ta TrdOr) Kal 7v)? overlap dirobwaeiv eTrrjryyeX XovTO, vfi ov 
T6 TL &lt;yiv6Tai Kal TTCO?. 

Aristotle de generatione et corruptione A 8. 325 a 29 TO 
yap Kvpiw bv 7rafJL7r\ripes ov [sc. elvai (^rjcriv o 

elvai, TO TOLOVTOV ov% ev, aXX ajreipa TO 
dopaTa Sta a/jMKpoTrjTa TWV O^KCDV TavTa 8 eV rc3 
, Kevbv yap elvai, Kal avvio-Ta^eva JJLGV yeve- 
criv TTOielv, $ia\vojjLeva $e (f&gt;0opdv. Troieiv Se Kal Trdd^eiv 
TI Tvy^dvovcrLv aTTTO/jieva TavTy y a p ^% ^ eivai. Kal 
(rvvTiOefJieva Se Kal TrepiirXeKOfJieva yevvdv 6K Se TOV KCLT 
d\r]0eiav evbs OVK av yeveaOai 7rX7}^o? ouS eK T&V 
TroXXco^ ev, aXX elvai TOUT dbvvaTov. 

A 2. 315 b 6 &rnibKpiTO&lt;s Be Kal Aev/ctTTTro? 
Ta cr^fJiaTa TTJV dXXoiaxriv Kal TTJV yeveaiv eK TOVTWV 
TTOIOVO-I, SiaKpicrei, /jiev Kal orvyKpiaei, yevecriv Kal (j)6opdv, 
Ta%ei &e Kal Oeaei dX\,oico(Tiv. 

44 Theophrastus de sensu 61 fiapv p,ev ovv Kal Kov(f&gt;ov 2 5 
TO&gt; jjieyeOei, Siaipel ATj/jLOKpiTOS. el yap SiaKpiOeir) Ka& ev 
eKacrTov, el Kal KCLTCL a^r^^a Biatyepot,, (TTaOfjiov av eTrl 
fjueyeOet, TTJV fyvcnv e^eiv ov fjbrjv aXX ev ye Tot9 yu-t/CTOt? 
Kov(f&gt;oTpov av elvai TO 7r\eov %ov Kevov, ftapVTepov &e TO 
e\aTTov, . . . 7rapa7r\r)(TiQ)s Se Kal Trepl &lt;JK\7)pov Kal 3 
fjidKaKov crK\r)pbv pev ydp elvau TO TTVKVOV, /AaXaKov Se 
TO jjiavbv, Kal TO juaXXov Se Kal TJTTOV Kal ^d\KJTa 
\oyov. $ia(f)epeiv Be TI TTJV Oeaiv Kal TTJV 
TMV Kevwv TOV crKkripov Kal fia\aKov Kal /Bapeos Kal 
Kov(f)ov. . . . TWV Be dXXcov alcrOrjTMV ovBevbs elvai (frvcnv, 35 
ttXXa TrdvTa iraQi) TT}? alo-O^aew^ aXXoiovfjuevr)?, ef ^9 
yiveadai TTJV (pavTacriav. ovBe ydp TOV -^rv^pov Kal TOV 
vTrdp-^eiv, dXXa TO 



26 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [44 



KOI TTJV rj/jLerepav dX\oia)o~iv 6 TL yap civ 
aOpovv f), TO{)T evicr^veiv efcaarw, TO S et? f^a/cpa 
^LaveveiJirj^evov dvaio~0i]TOv elvai. cnyfjieiov Se o&gt;? OVK elcrl 
&lt;pv(7ei TO /jur) TavTa TCCLVI fyaiveaOai rot? foW?. 
Sextus Empiricus VII 135 vouw yap tyrjo-i, [sc. o 

KpiTO&lt;$] y\VKV Kal VOJJLW TCiKpOV, VOfJbW OepfJLOV, VO/JiW 

ef) Se aTO/Jia /cal /cevov. OTrep eVr 

elvai Kal Sofaferat TO, alaOijTa, OVK e&lt;JTi Se KCLT 
a\r)06iav TavTa, aXXa Ta aTO^a [juovov KOI TO Kevov. 

45 Aristotle de anima A 2. 405 a 8 A^yLto/c/^tro? 8e Kal 
&lt;y\a(f&gt;vpo)Tepa)s elp^Kev. . . . ^v^rjv jjiev yap elvai TavTo Kal 
vovv, TOVTO 8 elvai TWV TrpwTwv Kal aSiaipercov aw^aTwv, 

8e Sia \eiTT ojjbepe Lav Kal TO cr^fjia TWV Se 
evKivijTOTaTOV TO cr^at/ooetSe? \yet, TOLOVTOV S 
15 eivai TOV re vovv Kal TO Trvp. 

placita IV 8 Aeu/ctTTTro? Kal A^yLto/^TO? rrjv aiaOijo-iv Kal 
Trjv voTjcriv yive&Oai elo ot)\ctiv e^wdev TrpocnovTaov {ArjSevl 
yap e7ri/3dX\eiv ^r)&eTepav X^pls TOV TrpocnriTTTOVTOS elBa)\ov. 

Sextus Empiricus VII 139 \eyei Se KCLTCL \egiv 
20 Se Svo elo~lv l$eai, 77 jjiev ywrjcrlij, rj 8e CTKOTLTJ Kal 
fjiev TaSe crvfATravTa, otyis aKorj oB/jurj yevais 
yvrjcrirj aTTOKeKpifJuevr) [8e] TavTijs. 

46 Diogenes Laertius IX 31 yivecrOai Se TOVS KOO-/JLOVS 
ovTO) 1 fyepeaOai KaT* aTTOTOfjirjv eK TTJ? dire ipoy r jro\\a 

25 (TtoaaTa TravTola rot? or^fjiacnv et? ^670- Kevov, airep 
dOpoicrdevTa oivrjv cnrepyd^ecrdai /jilav, KaO rjv Trpoa- 
KpovovTa Kal TravToSaTrws KVK\ovueva SiaKpiveaOai 
Ta o/jLOia 7T/30? Ta o/JLOia. laoppOTrwv 8e &ia TO 
jATjKeTi Svva^evwv TrepifyepeaOai, TO, fJLev Xevrra ^copetv els TO 
30 ef ft) Kevov, axrirep SiaTTOfteva, TO, 8e \OL7ra o-v/ju/jieveiv Kal 
(TvyKaTaTpe%et,v aXX^Xot? Kal Troielv TrpwTov 
a-(f)aipoei,Ses. TOVTO 8 olov vp,eva v^icrTacrOai 
ev eavTcp TravTola o-oo/maTa. 

47 Aristotle de generatione animalium E 8. 789 b 2 

A 5&gt; v /Twy^HK^i^-i-e , v , , , , , 

35 &r)iJLOKpiTos oe TO V ov eveKa a^&gt;6t9 heyeuv TravTa avayei et? 
ot? XpfjTai rj (j)vo-is, ovcri /j,ev TOLOVTOIS, ov jj,r)V 
eveKa TIVOS overt, Kal TOV Trepl "eKaaTOV (3e\Tiovos 



47] LEUCIPPUS AND DEMOCKITUS 27 

Stobaeus eclogae I 160 AevrciTTTros jrdvra /car avdy/crjv, 
rr)V 8 avrrjv vnrdpyeiv elfjLapf^ev rjv. Xeyet yap ev TQ&gt; Tlepl 
vov ovBev pr^jjia fjLarrjv yiverai, aXka Trdvra e/c \6&lt;yov re 



Ka VTT 

Simplicius in physica 73 V d\\a Kal A^o/e/otro?, eV ol? 5 
(f&gt;rjai, Seivov aTrb rov Travros anroK,piQr]vai Travrolcov elBecov, 
7Tft&gt;9 Se Kal VTTO TtVo? aiTia^ fir] \eyei,, eot/cev CLTTO ravro- 
jjidrov Kal ri;^? yevvav avrov. 

Cicero de natura deorum I 66 ex his [sc. corpusculis] 
effectum esse caelum atque terrain nulla cogente natura, sed K 
concursu quodam fortuito. 



[48 



Y THE SOPHISTS 

48 Plato sophist 231 C HE. Hp&rov Brj aravres olov 
gavaTrvev(TCt)fjiev, Kai Trpos 77/1,619 avTovs 
dfjba dvaTravofjievoi, (frepe, oiroaa TJ/MV 6 &lt; 
Bo/cw f^ev ydp, TO TrpwTov evpe07j vewv /cal ifkovaiwv 

-s eiJLfjiio-Oos 0r)pevTfc. EAI. Nat. HE. To Be ye BevTepov 
efATropos Tt9 Trepi Ta TTJS ^TV^TI^ fjLa0rj/jLaTa. EAI. TLdvv 
ye. ttE. TpiTov Be dpa ov Trepl TCLVTCL TavTa KaTrrfKo^ 
dve&lt;f)dvrj ; EAI. Nat, /cal TeTapTov ye avTOTT(jo\7]^ Trepl 
Ta /jba0rj/jiaTa rj/julv. ^E. O/)^co9 e/JLvrj/novevcras. Tre/jiTTTOV 

10 B eyo) Treipdcro/jiai, /jLvrj/jbovevetv- T^ ydp dycDvio-Ti/cfjs Trepl 
\6yovs tfv Tt9 d0\r)Tr}$, Trjv epicrTiKrjv Te^VTjv ac 
EAI. Hv ydp ovv. HE. To ye -^v GKTOV d t 
iev, oyLtw9 8 eOe^ev avT(p o-vy^/wpr^oravTe^ 
l^adrjfjiao L Trepi ^v^rjv /ca0apT7)v avTov elvai. 

15 EAI. naz/TaTracrt /jiev ovv. 

O A Q A t^ tT HP ?* *^ ^ f AAcv/ i^ 

Zj\jO A. EkEJt LOVTOV O av TO 76^09 V T) OVO (pCOLUeV ) 

(j)EAI. \Jpa (TV. ttE, ^/coTTto /cal fjbot 8tTTa&gt; /caTadtau- 
vea06v TLve- TOV fjuev Brj/jLoo-la Te /cal fjiaKpols \oyois Trpbs 
BvvaTov elpwveveo-Qai /ca0opa), TOV Be IBia Te /cal 
i Xo7ot9 dvay/cd^ovTa TOV Trpoo-BiaXeyofievov evavTto- 
\oyelv avTov CLVTU). EAI. Ae7et9 opOoTaTa. HE. Tiva 
ovv aTro(f)aiva)fjie0a TOV ju,afcpo\oya)Tepov elvai ; TroTepa 
Tro\iTi/cov 77 B^/jio\oyi/c6v ; EAI. A.7j/jio\oyiKov. HE. 
Tt Be TOV eTepov epov/juev ; aofyov 77 aofao-Ti/cov ; 0EAI. 
25 Tbv pev TTOV ao(f)bv dBvvaTov, eTreiTrep ov/c elBoTa avTov 
eue^ev j^i^Tr) 1 ^ B cov TOV crocfrov Bij\ov OTi Trapcovv/Jiiov 
avTov Tt Mj^freTai, /cal cr^eBbv 77877 /j,e/j,d0r)Ka OTI TOVTOV 
Bel irpocreiTrelv d\7)0ws avTov eicelvov TOV TravTaTracnv 



3 o Aristotle de sopliisticis elenchis 1. 165 a 21 eari yap 77 



28 



50] PROTAGORAS, HIPPIAS, GORGIAS 29 

(fraivouewr) cro&lt;J)La ovcra S ov, Kal 6 
CLTTO (aivojLevrS orocias aXX ov/c 



49 Plato Theaetetus 152 A ty^crl yap TTOV [sc. Hp&Tayopas] Protagoras 
TrdvTCOv ^pTjaaTcov ueTpov avdpcoTrov elvai, TCOV pev OVTCOV 
ft&gt;? eari, TCOV Se ur) OVTCOV ft)? OVK ecrnv. dveyvcoKas yap 5 
TTOV ; EAI. A.veyvc0Ka KOI 7roAAa/a?. ^O. QVKOVV OVTCO 
7TO)? Xeyet, &&amp;gt;? ola pels eKaara e yLtot fyaiverai roiavra fjuev 
GCTTIV e/Jiol, ola $e crol roiavra &e av oroi- av0pc07ro$ Se 
(7v re Kay co ; EAI. Aeyei, yap ovv oi;rft)?. 

Protagoras 318 D iTnroKpdrT)^ yap Trap" e /ze dcfriKo/Aevos I0 
ov TreKreTai, aTrep av enraOev a\\ay TW avyyevo/Aevos TWV 
a-ofyia-T&V ol fjiev yap a\\oi \a&gt;/3wvTai, rot/? veovs ra? 
yap re^va? avTov? Trefavyoras aKovras irakiv av ayovres 

et? re^z^a?, /Voytoy-iou? re Kal ao-rpovofjiiav Kal Hippias 
Kal JJLOVO-LK^V StSacr^oz/Te? Kal aaa et? rov 15 
a7re/3Xe^re Trapa 3 e/ne a^LKOfJievo^ uaOijo-erai, ov 
nrepl a\\ov rov r) Trepl ov rjKei,. TO $e ^dO^fjid e&lt;mv 
ev(3ov\ia Trepi re TWV olKeucov, OTTCO? av apiaTa TTJV avTov 
oiKiav SioiKoi, Kal Trepl TWV TT)? vroXeo)?, OTTO)? TO, TT}? 
TroXeft)? SvvaTtoTaTOS av 6C7] Kal TcpaTTeiv Kal \eyeiv. 20 
Ap , e^rjv eyoo, eTrouai crov rc3 \6yq&gt; ; So/cet? yap aoi 
\eyeiv Trjv Tro\iTi,Kr]V Te^vrjv Kal vTricryyzlaQai iroielv avbpas 
TroXtro.?. AUTO uev ovv TOVTO eaTtv, &lt;f)rj, co 
, TO e7rdyy\ua o e 



50 Sextus Empiricus VII 6 5 Topyias Se 6 KeovTlvos IK Gorgias 
TOU avTov fjiev TayuaTO? vTrrip^e TO?? dvypTjKOcri, TO 
KpiTrjpiov, ov Kara TTJV b/juoiav Se eVtj3oX^z/ Tot? irepl TOV 
TlpcoTayopav. ev yap TCO eTnypa^o/juevco Tlepl TOV fir] 6Wo? 
r) Tlepl (frvcrecos Tpia KaTci TO ef?}? Ke&lt;f)d\ai,a KaTacrKevd^ei 
ev aev Kal TrpcoTov OTL ov oe.v ecrTi, SevTepov OTL el Kal ecrTiv, 3 o 
dKaTak^TCTOv dvOpcoTrco, TpiTOV oTi el Kal KaTaXrjTTTov, d\\d 
TOL ye dve%oi(TTOv Kal dvepurjvevTov TCO TreXa?. 

Plato Gorgias 452 D . . . aTTOKpivai, TL eaTi TOVTO o &lt;prjs 
av ueyicrTov dyaOov elvat TO? dvOpcoTrois Kal ere Srjuiovpybv 
elvai auTov. FOP. "Qirep eaTiv, co ^coKpaTes, Trj ak^Oeia 35 
dyaOov Kal alTiov aua uev e\ev6epia&lt;s avTols Tot? 



30 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [50 



dv0p(*)7rois, a/Jba Se TOV aXkwv dp^eiv ev rrj avrov 
e/cd(7Tw. SO. Ti ovv Brj TOVTO \eyeis ; FOP. To irelOeiv 
eywy* olov T elvai rot? Xoyot9 KOI ev &iKao~Tripiu) St/cacrra? 
/cal ev /3ov\evT7]pi(D /3ov\evTa&lt;$ KOI ev e/c/c\r]o-La 
/cal ev aXXa) ^v\\6yw TTCLVTL, ocrrt? av 



Thrasymachus 51 Plato republic 343 C /cat euro) Troppco el irepu re rov 
Sitcaiov KOI SiKaioavwr) 1 ? KOI aSi/cov re /cal aStKias, ware 
dyvoei? on r) fiev Si/caioavvrj /cal TO Bitcaiov a\\orpiov 
10 ayaBov rcS ovri, TOV KpeuTTOVOs re /cal a 
(j)6pov, ol/cela Se TOV TreuOo^evov Te /cal v 
yQXa/3?7, TI Se dot,Kia TOvvavTiov, /cal ap^ei, TWV 0)9 d 
evrjOiK&v Te /cal Sircalwv, ol S dp%o/uevoi, TTOIOVO-I TO 
e/celvov gv/JL^epov /cpeiTTOvo? OVTOS, ical ev^ai/jiova e/ceivov 
15 TTOIOVGIV vTcripeTovvTes avTw, eavTOVs Se ou8 OTTCOO-TLOVV. 
Se, a&gt; evrjOecrTaTe Sa^are?, ovTwal %/o^, OTI, 
dvrjp dbircov TravTa^ov e\aTTOV e^et. 



Euthydemus 52 Plato Eutliydemus 271 Co Se crv epa&gt;Ta$ TVJV aofylav 

&&amp;gt;9 eycoye ovo^ 27877 irpo TOV o TI 

elev ol Tray/cpaTiao-Tai. TOVTCO ydp eaTov /co/jiiofj 
. . . jrpwTov jJiev rc3 acouaTi BeivoTaTCi) eo~Tov /cai 
77 nrdvTwv ecrrl KpaTelv ev 07rXot9 yap avTco Te ao(j)CD 
TCCUVV ^dyecrdaL /cal aXXoy, 09 av 8iS(& fjao~6ov, oico Te 
25 7TOirio~ai eTreiTa TT/V ev T0i9 St,/cao~T rjpiOL^ /Jid^Tjv /cpaTiaTco 
/cal dya)vio-ao-0ai ical dXkov StSafat \eyeiv Te /cal &vy- 

ypdd)eo~0at, \6yov&lt;$ otou9 et9 TCL ^cKadTrjpLa. Trpo TOV 

cs \ &gt;/ f ^^ /A a 

ovv TavTa oeiva&gt; rjo-Trjv fjiovov, vvv oe reA,o9 eTUTeue 

TrayKpaTiao-Ti/cr) Te^vrj. rj ydp TJV \OITTT] avTolv 
30 dpyos, TavTrjv vvv e^eipyaaOov, wcrre JJLTJ& av eva av 1 

olov T elvai /^8 dvTapai OVTCD oeivoi) yeyovaTov ev rot9 

Xo r yot9 fjidyecrOaL Te /cal e%e\ey%eiv TO del \eyofjbevov, 

OUOLCOS edv T ^0809 edv Te d\r)0es fj. 

273 D ^A.peT^v, e(f)rj [sc. o Eu^^8^//-o9], co 2&lt;(*)fcpaT$, 
35 ol6fjie0a oJ ft) r elvai, TrapaSovvai /caXXto-T dv9pa) r jrwv real 



53] THRASYMACHUS, EUTHYDEMUS, ISOCRATES 31 



275 E Kal ^i]v, ecfrr) [sc. o Atoz^croSa^o?], aoi, o&gt; 
, Trpo\eya), OTI OTrorep* av dTTOKpivrjTai TO 



53 Isocrates de permutatione 180 (3ov\o^ai Se Trep I isocrates 
TCOV \o&lt;ycov TrcuSeias wcrTre/o ol yeveaXoyovvres Trpwrov s 



yap a)(Ti fAarjTas, o 



ra o-jiara ra Trpo? rrjv aywviav 



rovs (froiTtovTas Si$ da /cover IP, ol Se Trepl rrjv 
&lt;pL\oa"0(f)iai&gt; oVre? ra? ISeas airdaas cu&lt;$ o \6&lt;yos rvyydvei 
gepxovrai rot? /uua&rjTais. fj.7ripovs Be TOVTCOV 
KOI Bta/c piftwcravTes ev royrot? 7rd\iv yv/jivd- 
fyvcriv avrovs /cal Trovelv eOi&vai Kal arvveipew KaO ei&gt; 
e/cacrTov wv e/AaOov dvay/cd^ovcriv, iva ravra fteftaiorepov 
/cal rwv Kaipwv eyyvrepco rat? So^at? &lt;yevwvrai. 
270 l/jbol 8 eTretS^ Kal Kpivo^ai Trepl rwv TOIOVTCOV Kal 



VTTO TIVWV i\o(jQiav OVK elvai 



TrpocrrjKei rrjv Sitcala)? av vofuofj,evi)V opicrat, Kal 
Trpos v/juas. avrXco? $e 7r&&amp;gt;9 Twy^dva) yLypcocrKcov Trepl 
avrwv. eTreiSrj yap OVK eve&Tiv ev rfj (hvaei rrj TWV 
dv6pu&gt;Trwv eTno-TTj^v \aftelv TJV e^ovre^ av elSei/jiev o 
TI TTpaKreov rj \eKreov eo-riv, IK rwv \OLTTWV ao(f)ov&lt;; fiev 
VOJAL^GI) row? rat? Soat9 eTrtrvy^dveLv &&amp;gt;9 eVl TO TTO\V rov 
fte\TicrTov Svvauevovs, &lt;f)t,\o&lt;j6&lt;povs Be TOL/? ev TOVTOIS 
e!; wv rd^crra \r)-^rovTai rrjv roLavTTjv 

25 



[54 



VI SOCRATES AND THE MINOK SOCRATICS 

Socrates 54 Plato apologia Socratis 21 B rj\6ov CTTL Tiva TWV 

BOKOVVTCOV cro(f)a)V elvai. . . . BiacrKOTrwv ovv TOVTOV . . . 

Kal Bia\ey6fievos auraS, eoo^e fioi OVTOS 6 dvrjp BoKelv fiev 

elvau &lt;70(/&gt;09 aXXcu9 re 7roXXot9 dv9pa&gt;TroiS Kal fia\icrTa 

5 eavTO), elvai S ov KaireiTa eTreipw/jirjv avrw Sei/cvvvat on , 

OIOITO fjiev elvai ao(f)6&lt;&gt; } eirj 8 ov. evrevdev ovv TOVTW re 

aTrriyOo^v Kal TroXXofc TMV 7rapovra)V, ?r/oo9 euavrov 8 

ovv aTTtcov e\oyil ji n v f TL TOVTOV uev rov dv0p(t)7rov eya) 

o-o^)ft)Te/309 el fit m Kivovvevei uev jap r^fJLMV ovBerepo^ ovftev 

10 Ka\ov Kciya6ov eloevai, aXX ovros uev oterai n eibevai 

OVK 6t8c09, 6760 8e, WC77T6/3 OVV OVK ol$a, OVOe OtOfJMf 

eoiKa yovv TOVTOV ye auiKpa) TIVI avTO) TOVTW aocfrcoTepos 
elvai, OTi a fir) ol$a ov&e oiouai, elbevai. 

30 E eav yap cue aTTOKTeivrjTe, ov paoia)? a\\ov TOiovTov 

15 evprjo-eTe, are^^&)9, el Kal ye\oiOTepov elirelv, TrpocrKeiuevov 
Try TroXet V7TO TOV Oeov wcnrep tTrvra) ueyd\a&gt; uev Kal 
yevvaL(t&gt; VTTO ueyedovs 8e vcoOeaTepa) Kal Beofieva) eyeipeaOai, 
V7TO UVCOTTOS TWOS, olov Sr; fiot SoKel 6 Oebs cue TTJ 7ro\et 
Trpoa-TeOeiKevai TOLOVTOV nva, 09 vfJLas eyeipwv Kal TceiOwv 

20 Kal ovei$i%a)V eva eKaaTov ovSev rcavo^ai TTJV rjuepav o\r)V 



Meno 79 E SO. ^KrroKpivai TOIVVV rrd\iv e% d 
Ti ^779 dpeTrjv elvai Kal (TV Kal o eTalpos aov ; 
MEN. 9 fl ^MKpaTes, TJKOVOV fiev eycoye Trplv Kal crvy- 

25 yeve&Qat aoi, OTI crv ovbev aXXo r) avro9 re diropels Kal 
TOU9 aXXou9 7rotet9 drropelv Kal vvv, W9 ye 
yo7)Tevei&lt;; fie Kal ^apfiaTTei^ Kal ar6^Va&gt;9 
cocrre fieaTov cnropias yeyovevai. Kal SoKels fioi 7ravT\w&lt;; ) 
el Bel Ti Kal cr/cwi/rat, ouoiOTaTo? elvai TO re eISo9 Kal 

3 o raXXa TavTy Trj TrXareta vdpKy TYJ 

32 



56] SOCRATES 33 

55 Xenophon memorabilia A i 11 ovSe yap Trepl rfjs 
TWV TrdvTWv (frvcrews fjTrep TCOV aXXo)i&gt; ol TrKelcrTOL ^eXe^ero, 

(7/COTTO)V O7r&lt;W9 fCa\OVjjiVO$ V7TO TWV (70(j)LO Ta)V KOCT JJLO^ 

ecj)v Kal TLCTLV dvdy/caLs e/caara ryiyverat, TOOV ovpaviwv, 
aXXo, KOI roi/9 (j)povTL%ovTas TCL rotavra [JiwpaivovTas s 
dTreSel/cvvev. /cat TTpWTOV ^ev avrwv eaKOTreL, Trorepd Trore 
vo^idavre^ i/cavws r)r] rdvOpcoTriva ei&evai, ep^ovrai eVl 
TO Trepl TCOV TOIOVTMV (ftpovri&iv, TJ ra /Jiev dv9p(*)7reia 
Trapevres ra Saifjuovia Se a/coTrovvres 7]&lt;yovvTai ra Trpocr- 
ij/covra Trpdrreiv. eOavjJba^e S el jjirj (fravepov avrois 1 
on ravra ov Bvvarov ecmv dvOpcbrroi,? evpelv errel 

7Tfc Tft&gt; 7Tpl TOVTO)l&gt; 

d\\a rot? jjidivofjievois 

7T/30? aXX^Xof?. . . . ecTKOTret Be Trepl avrwv /cal 
rd&e *A.p\ cocrTrep ol rdv0pa)Trei,a ^avQavovre.^ rjyovvrai, 
rov9 o TI av /JidOwcriv eavrols re /cal rwv a\\cov 
av {BovXwvrai Troirjcreiv, ovrco /cal ol rd Oela 

) eTreiSdv ryvwcrw at? dvd&lt;yKai&lt;$ ercao-ra yiyverai, 
OTCLV ftovKwvrai ical dve/jiovs ical vBara /cal 
/cal OTOV o civ aXXou Secovrai, T&V TOLOVT/WV ; rj 20 
roiovro /jLev ovSev ov& e^Trl^ovcriv, dp/eel 8 avrols &lt;yvwvai 
/JLOVOV fj TWV TOIOVTWV c/caara yiyverai, ; Trepl /nev ovv 
rwv ravra Trpay^arevo/jievcov roiavra e\eyev avros 8e 
Trepl TWV dvdpWTreiwv av del Sie\eyeTO, O-KOTTWV, ri evcre/Sei, 
TL acre^e?- ri KO\OV, TL al(r%p6v TL Sitcaiov, rl dSi/cov TI 25 
(Twfypoavvr), TL jjiavia TL dvSpeia, TL SetXta- TL 7roXt9, TL 

TTO\LTIKOS TL dp^Tj dvOpMTTCOV, TL dp^LKOS dvOpWTTWV KCLl 

TrepL TO)V d\\cov a TOVS fjuev elSoTas rjjeLTo KO\,OVS 
elvaL rou9 8 dyvoovvTas dv$paTro$ct)8eL$ av 



56 Xenophon memorabilia A VI 13 el Se TLS aura) Trepl 
TOV dvTL\ejoL /uurjSev e^wv cra^&gt;e9 \eyeLV, aXX dvev 
tt7ro86tfea)9 r)TQi cro(f)(t)Tpov (f&gt;dcrKa)v elvaL ov avTos \e&lt;yoL 

rj TTO^LTLKCDTepOV T) dv$pLOTepOV T) aXXo TL TCOV TOLOVTWV, 

TTL TTJV vTrodeaLv eTravrjyev av Trdvra TOV \o&lt;yov wSe TTCOS 35 
^^ (TV dfjueivw Tro\iTriv elvaL ov &lt;rv eTraLvels r) ov eycf) ; 
^rffjil yap ovv. TL ovv OVK e/ce2vo Trpcorov eTreo-tce^d^eda, 
TL eaTLv epyov dyadov TTO\LTOV ; TloLw/nev TOVTO. Ov/covv 

D 



34 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [56 



ev fjiev xprHJurwv ioiKo-ei, Kparoiij v ^p /jiaa iv evTropay- 
Tepav TTOLWV rrjv iroKtv ; Tldvv fjiev ovv, e&lt;$&gt;7]. Ey Be 76 
TroXeyLtft) o Ka0V7repTepav TWV dvTi7rd\a)v ; Hw? yap ov ; 
Ez/ Be Trpeo-ftelq dpa o? av (/uXou? dvrl 7roXe/uft)y Tcapa- 

5 crKevd^r) ; EtVoro)? ye. OVKOVV Kal ev S^fjLTjyopia 6 
crrdcreis re iravwv /cal ofibvoiav ejjiTroiwv ; " 
OVTW Be rwv \o^wv eiravayo/jievwv, real rot? 

fyavepov e&lt;yi&lt;yvero raX^^e?. oTrore 8e avros TL rco 
ioi, Bid TWV fjid\io"ra ojJLoKoryoviJbevwv eTropevero, 
ravTTjV rrjv do-tydketav elvai \6yov 
7ro\v /jLaXicrra wv eya) oiBa ore \eyoi TOU? aKov 
oyu-oXo yoO^Ta? Trapei^ev ecf)?] Be Kal OfjLrjpov rc3 
dvaOelvai TO dcr(f)a\f) prjropa eivai, co? LKCLVQV avrov ovra 
Bid TWV BorcovvTwv rot9 dv6p(*)7rois dyeiv rou? Xo^you?. 

I5 A V 12 e(f)tj Be Kal TO Bia\e r yecr0ai, ovojJbacrOrivai, etc rov 
avvibvras KOLVTJ (3ov\evecr6ai, Bia^ryovras Kara yevrj rd 
Trpdy/JLara Belv ovv ireipdaOai orb fjid\,io~Ta TT^O? rouro 
eavrov eroi/jiov TrapacrKevd^etv, Kal TOVTOV fjid\io~Ta eTri,- 
fjueXelaOai eK TOVTOV yap yiyvecrOai dvBpa? dpicrTovs re 

20 Kal r)ye[JLOviKa)TdTovs Kal Bia\KTiK(0TdTOV&lt;;. 

Aristotle mdapliysica M 4. 1078 b 23 e /teo o? 8 evXoyws 
e^r)Tet TO TL ecrTiv. o-v\\oyi%eo-0ai yap e^iJTei, dp^rj Be 
TWV av XXoyiO iJiwv TO TL ICTTLV. . . . Bvo ydp eo-Ttv d rt? 
dv aTToBoiTj ^MKpaTei BiKalws, rou? T eTcaKTiKovs \6yovs 

25 Kal TO bpi^eo-Qai Ka06\ov TavTa ydp GCTTLV d/jb&lt;f)co Trepl 
aT^/mr)?. aXX o /JLCV ^fO/cpaTttj? Ta Ka06\ov ov 
eTToiei ovBe TOU? opia/jiov^ ol Be [sc. ol Trepl 
Tl\dTO)vd\ e^opicrav Kal TCL TOiavTa TWV OVTCOV iBea? 
Trpoo-Tjyopevcrav. 

3 o 57 Xenophon memorabilia A VI 1 w? Be Kal BidXeK- 
TiKWTepovs eTroiei TOVS avvbvTas, Treipdcrofjiai Kal TOVTO 
\eyeiv ^wKpaTrjs ydp TOVS /JLCV elBoTas TL eKaaTOv elrj 
TWV OVTCOV evbfJLi^e KOI rot? aXXot? dv e 
BvvaadaL, roL/9 Be fjurj elBoTas ovBev etyrj 

35 elvai avTOVs re a-fyd\\eo-0ai Kal 



(TKOTTtoV &lt;TVV TOt? (TVVOVGl, Ti Ka(TTOV 17J TO)V 



OVTWV, ovBeTTOT \7jye. TrdvTa /jiev ovv y 

TTO\V epyov dv eirj B(,e%e\0eiv ev ocrot? Be Kal TOV 



58] SOCRATES 35 



T/}? eTTLcrKe fyews Br)\a)o~eiv oiuat,, rocravra 
wTov Be Trepl evo-efteias wBe TTCO? eaKOTrei EtVe /-tot, 
a&gt; }Zv0vBrjfjL, irolov TI vo/Jii^eLS eva-efteiav elvai ; 
09, KaXXfccn-oz&gt;, ^ AT, (77. "E^et9 ovv elirelv 

Tt9 o evo~el3r)S ecrnv ; E//,ot /^e^ BoKel, e^rj, 6 5 
TOU9 0eou9 TijJL&v. "Efecrri Se w ob rt9 0ov\7jra 
rou9 6eov&lt;? nfjidv ; Qvrc a\Xa VO/JLOI, elal Ka@* 01)9 
TOVTO iroielv. Qv/covv 6 TOL/9 vofjiovs TOVTov? t Sft)9 



av &&amp;gt;9 et roi 9 

6 elScos rot/9 06ov&lt;$ Tijuav ov/c aXXa)9 oterat eti^ TOVTO 



7T016LV T ft&gt;9 



Tifia y) 009 oleTai Sew ; OVK olfjicu, (f)7j. f O apa 
TCL rrepl TOU9 Oeovs vofjLL/Aa 6tSco9 vofJ,tfJLO)s av 

Hdvv fjiev ovv. Ov/covv o &lt;ye vofjbifjLws TI/AWV 

IIft&gt;9 yap ov ; O 8e 76 a&gt; 

Hdvv /juev ovv, effrrj. O apa TCL Trepl TOVS 6eovs 
et 8&&amp;gt;9 opOcos av rjfilv evo-e/3r)s a)pio-^evo^ eij] ; E/^ol 
yovv, e(f&gt;rj, So/cei. 

58 Xenophon memorabilia A VI 10 eot/cas, co 
AvTL(f)cov, Tr]v ev&aifiovlav olo/Jievw Tpv^rjv teal Tro\vTe\eiav 20 
elvai eya) Be vofii^co TO fjuev urjbevos SeecrOai Oelov elvai, 
TO S ft&gt;9 eXa^lo-Tcov eyyvTaTco TOV Oeiov Kal TO [lev Oelov 
KpcLTio-Tov, TO Se ey^VTaTco TOV Oeiov eyyvTaTw TOV 

KpaTlGTOV. 

r IX 5 e(j)7j Be /cal TTJV StKaioo-vvrjv Kal TTJV aXXrjv Trao-av 2 s 
apeTrjv crofyiav eivau TCL re ^ap Sifcaia /cal TrdvTa oo~a 
rj irpcLTTeTai Ka\d re Kal dyaOd elvaL Kal OVT av 
TavTa etSora9 aXXo dvTL TOVTWV ovSev 7rpoe\ea0at, 
ovT6 roi/9 fJL?j eTTLQ-Ta/jLevovs vvacr6aL TrpaTTeiv, d\\d Kal 
edv e&lt;y%eip(J&lt;)criv duapTdveiv OVTCO Kal TCL Ka\d re Kal 30 
dyaOd TOV$ j&ev aofyovs nrpaTTeLv, rot 9 Be urj cro0ou9 ov 
Bvvao-dai, aXXa Kal edv ey%ei,pa)(Ti,v daapTaveiv. 

Aristotle ethica Nicomachea H 2. 1145 b 21 
S dv Ti9 7TW9 V7ro\ajjL{3dva)v opOws 
eTTLo-Td^evov uv ovv ov fyao-iv rtz/69 olov Te elvai, 35 
Seivov yap eTrio-TijfjLrjs evovcrrjs, a&gt;9 wero ^eoKparrj^ aXXo 
TL KpaTelv Kal TrepLe\KeLV avTrjv wo~Trep avSpdiroBov. 
aev yap 0X0)9 eyu-a^ero Trpos TOV \6yov a&gt;9 OVK 



36 



TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [58 

aKpaaias- ovdeva yap {jTco\a^dvovTa TrpaTTeiv 
Trapd TO /3e\TicrTOV, d\\d 8t ayvoiav. OVTOS p,ev ovv o 



Plato Gorgias 469 B Till A. 2u apa ftov\oio av 
5 d^LKelo-6ai fjiaXXov 77 dBtKelv ; SO. BovXo/yu^ fiev av 
70)76 ovSe.Tepa el & dvay/calov eirj dbiKeiv 77 d 
e\oijjir)v av fjia\\ov aSiKeio dai rj 



Aristippusof 59 Diogenes Laertius II 66 rjv Se i/cavbs d 

Cyrene j- gc&gt; AptcrTt7T7ro9 6 Kvpijvalos] Kal TOTTW KOI ^povw /cal 

10 TrpoawTro), real irao-av TTepiaTacriv dpfjioSicos viroKpivacrOai 



/ca Trapa 



e 



rb Tcpoo-Treaov ev biaTiOepevos- direKave f^ev yap 
1780^9 TWV TrapovTcov, OVK eOrjpa 8e TTOZ^CO TTJV airo\avcnv 

TWV OV TTaOVTCOV O06V Kal At07^9 /3aCTl\lKOV KVVa 



avTov. 

Stobaeus florilegium 17, 18 ^ KPKJTITTTCOV KpaTel 
7780^9 ov^ o aTrexofjbevos, aXX 6 ^pa)^evo&lt;; pev prj 
Se, waTrep Kal veoos Kal I TTTTOV ou% o ^ 
o fjbeTaywv OTTOL /rtovXerat. 

Dioenes Laertius n 86 ol ^ev ovv eVl T^ dycoyrj^ 
/ato-TtTTTTou fjieivavTe? Kal KvprjvaiKol Trpoaayopev- 
Sofat9 e^pa)VTO TOiavTais. Suo TrdOr) ixplaTavTO, 
TTOVOV Kal rjSov^v, TTJV fiev \eiav Kivrjo-iv, TYJV r)Sovr}V, 
TOV 8e TTOVOV, Tpa%elav Kivrjo-iv. ^ Siafyepeiv re rjSovrjv 
597801^7)9 /JLrjSe r)iov TL elvat,- Kal Tr]v pev evo oKrjTrjv irdcn 
^ft)0t9 roz^ 8 aTTOKpovo-TiKOV. rjSovrjv f^evTOL TTJV TOV 
&lt;7ft)/mT09, fy Kal reXo9 elvai, . . . ov Tr]V 
rjo ovrjv Tr)V eV dvaipecrei d\&lt;yr}ovwv Kal olov d 
rjv 6 ^TTiKOVpos aTToSe^erat Kal reXo9 elvai 



3 o 



Ka 



yap elvai Trjv KaTa fjuepos r)$ovr)V, evbaifjioviav 8e TO IK 
TCOV pepiKwv rjbovwv o-vo-T^^a, als avvapidfJiovvTai Kal al 

Kal al fjLe\\ovo-ai. elvai re rrjv 
avTr)V alpeTrjv Tr]V 8 ev^ai^oviav ov 8 
a9 KaTa pepos ^ovd^. TTLQ-TIV 8 elvat, TOV reXo9 
elvai Tr)V rj^ovrjv TO aTrpoaipeTa)? 77^9 eK Tra&wv w 
Kal 



61] ARISTIPPUS, ANTISTHENES 37 

re OVTCO favyeLv o&gt;9 rrjv evavTiav avrf} d\yr)$6va. elvai Se 
Trjv rjSovrjv dyaOov /cdv CLTTO TWV aa^ijfjLOTdrcov yevrjTai. 
. . . el yap teal rj Trpa^is aroTro? et?7, aXX* ovv rj r)$ovr) 
8i avTr]V alperrj /cal dyaOov. rj $e rov d\&lt;yovi&gt;TO&lt;&gt; 
vTre^aipecris, co? eipvjTai Trap* QTrifcovpw, So/eel avTols /jurj 5 
elvai 77801/77 ov$e rj atjBovia d\yrjSa)v. ev Kivrjaei yap 
elvai ajju^orepa, jJbrj ovcrr]&lt;$ TTJS anrovias 77 7-779 a 
/civrfaeo)*;. . . . ov irdora*; fjbevroi, ra? iJrLn^/ca? 
/cal d\yrjS6vas eVl crwfJbaTiKals rjbovals teal d 

. . . . d\\a fMrjv ovSe /card fjuvr^Jbriv rwv dyaOwv 10 
Trpoo-So/ciav rjSovrjv fyacriv dTroreKeiaOai, oirep rjpeo-icev 



60 Sextus Empiricus VII 191 (fracrlv ovv ol 
Kol Kpirrjpia elvai rd irdOrj KOI ^ova Ka 

/cal dSidtyevcrTa rvy^dveiv, rwv Se TreTroirj/corcov rd TrdOrj is 
jj,r]$ev elvai /cara\r)7rrov /^r)Se dbid-^revdrov. OTI fjiev ydp 
\evKaiVOjJLe6a, fyacri, /cal y\v/ca^6/jieda, Svvarov \eyew 
dSia^jrevo-Tws /cal [{3e{3ala)$] dve^e\ey/cra)&lt;; on Se TO 

e/jLTTOLTJTLKOV TOV 7rd0OV^ \6VKOV l(7TLV 7J y\VKV eCTTLV, OVV 

olov r dirofyaivecrOai. 20 

61 Diogenes Laertius VI 2 ol/cwv r ev Ileipaiel [sc. Antisthenes 
*AvTi(T0evri&lt;; AOrjvatos] Kaff e/cdo-Trjv r)p,epav rovs rerrapd- 

/covra crrctS/ou? dviaiv i]/cove ZiW/cpdrovs, Trap 1 ov /cal TO 
/caprepL/cov \a(3a)v /cal TO aTraOes ^Xwo-a? /car^jp^e 

7T/3COT09 TOU KVVid^OV. fCOi OTL 6 TTOVO? dya00V (TVV- 25 

ecrrrjo-e Sid TOV /jieydXov Hpa/c^eovs /cal TOV Kt/pou. . . . 
e\eye Te crvve^e^ /jLaveirjv jjud\\ov TJ rjaOeiTjv. 

10 o lo a/cTTjv aTreSeiKwe TTJV dpeTtjv. . . . avTap/cij Se Trjv 
dpeTrjv Trpo? evSai/juoviav, /jLrjSevbs Trpoa^eo^evrjv OTI fjurf 

tcr^uo?. TTJV T dpeTrjv TWV epya)v elvai, 30 
\oycov 7r\ei(TTQ)v BeofjLevrjv fJurjTe /JiaOrjfjidTcov. ai&gt;T- 
ap/cr) T elvai TOV ao(f)6v TrdvTa ydp avTOV elvai, Ta 



ydp /caTappeiv fjurJTe 7rpo$i&oo-0ai,. 

104 dpea/cei 6 avTols /cal Te\09 elvai TO KaT dpeTrjv 35 
&gt;ro-lv ev TW 



38 



TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [62 



62 Aristotle metaphysica A 29. 1024b32 Sib 
weTO ev^0ci)^ uT]0ev dio)v \eyeo~0ai 7r\rjv 
oiKeiw \6yto ev e ( eVoV e wv o-vve{3aive fjLtj eivai 

&gt;, o~ f ye^ov 8e lATjoe \lfevoeo~uaL. 
s H 3. 1043b23 wo-re rj aTropia rjv ol AvTio-0eveioi Kal 
ol OVTWS diralSevTOi rjTropovv e%ei TLVCL Kaipov, OTL OVK 
e&Ti TO TL eo~TLV opiaao-Qai TOV yap opov \oyov eivai 
LJLaKpov ttXXo, Trolov fjicv TL eo~TLV ev$e%eo~0aL Kai oioa^aL, 

WCT7T6/3 apyVpOV, TL UV 6O~TIV, OV, OTL 8e oloV KaTTLTepO?. 

10 wcrr ovcrias ecrTi uev ^9 eVSe^erat elvau opov Kai \oyov, 
olov Ti)s o~vv0eTOV, edv re al&lt;T0r}Trj edv re vorjTr) $ e% wv 

8 aVTTJ TTOGOTWV, OVK eaTLV, eLTTCO TL KaTa , TLVOS (TTJLLaLVeL 

I I I ^ 

6 \oyo$ 6 opiQ-TLKos, Kal Set TO fjbev wo-7rep v\rjv eivai 
TO Se ct&gt;9 /jLopcfrrfv. 

15 Plato sophist 251 A BE. Aeyouev &lt;eva&gt; avOpwjrov Srj 
TTOV TroXX aTTa 7rovoudovTes, Ta re %pa)/jiaTa eTTL$epovTe&lt;$ 
avTw Kal TCL o-fflfjLaTa Kal fjLeye0rj Kal KaKias Kal dpeTas, 

V 069 TTCLO-L Kal Te/)Ot9 /JLVpLOLS OV /JLOVOV aV0pC07TOV 

avTov eivai (frauev, d\\d Kal dya0bv Kal eTepa aTreLpa, 
20 Kal raXXo- Sr) KaTa TOV avTov \6yov ourft)9 ev eKao-TOV 
VTToOe^evoL TcaXiv avTo vroXXa Kal ?roXXot9 ovouao-i 
\eyofjLev. EAI. A.\7]0fj \eyeis. BE. r O0ev ye, olaai, 
ro?9 T6 veois Kal TWV yepovTWV rot9 b^TL/JLaOeo L 00LVT]V 

25 &)9 dSvvaTOV Ta re TroXXa ev Kal TO ev TroXXa eivai, Kai 
877 TTOV yaipovo Lv OVK ewvTes dya0bv \eyeiv av0pcoiTov, 
TO uev dya0bv dya06v, TOV Se av0pco7rov avvpwTrov. 



ToiavTa eo TTOV^aKOO LV, evioTe 7rpeo~/3vTepoi&lt;; av0pc07rois, Kai 

/ * \^ / v ^ z3 

VTTO irevLas T?^9 irepi (ppovijo iv /CT^)creft)9 Ta ToiavTa Teuav- 
aaKoo-i, Kal 877 TL Kal Trdo-ao^ov olouevoi? TOVT avTo 
dvevprjKevai. 



Eucieides of 63 Diogenes Laertius II 106 OVTOS [sc. 

Megara ^ ^^ Meydpatv] . . . Kal TCL HapueviSeLa /iere^etp/feTO, Kal 

35 ol CLTC avTov M.&lt;yapLKol irpoo-riyopevovTO, elr epLCTTLKoi, 

VO~TpOV Be &Ld\KTLKOL, OU9 OVTCOS ODVOfjiaae 7r/00)T09 &LOVV- 

0-^09 o XaXr?;8o^to9, SLCL TO 7T/309 epcaT^aLV Kal 



65] EUCLEIDES, STILPO, PHAEDO, MENEDEMUS 39 

TOU9 Xo70U9 iaTi6eo-6ai. . . . ouro? [sc. o Eu/eXeto^] ev TO 
dyaOov djre^aiveTO TroXXofc ovo^aai Ka\ov/jLevov ore p,ev 
yap (frpovrjcriv, ore Se Oeov, Kal aXXoTe vovv KOI ra \oi7ra. 

108 T?}9 6 Ev/eXe/Sou SiaBoxfis eari Kal Eu/3of XiS?79 Eubulides 

, 09 tfal 7roXXoL&gt;9 ev &ia\e tenter) \6yovs 5 
rov re tyev&ofjievov teal rov ia\av6dvovra 
teal H\etcrpav teal e^KeKakv^^evov Kal crcopeiTTjv Kal 
l (j&gt;a\aKpov. 

64 Plutarch adversus Coloten 23 ov fjirjv a\\a TO stilpo 
eVl Sr/X-TTWi/o? TotouTOi^ eo-Ttz^. et 7re/9l ITTTTOV TO Tpe%eiv 
Karrjyopov/^V, ov ^&gt;if]cri ravrov elvat, TW irepi ov Kar- 
rjyopelraL TO Karrjyopov/^evov, aXX erepov /Jiev dv0p&lt;*)7rq) 
rov TL r)V elvai TOV \o&lt;yov, erepov Se TOJ dyada) Kal 
7ra\iv TO r i7nrov elvai TOV Tpe^ovTa elvai ia$epeiv 
eKaTepov yap aTraiTovfJievoi TOV \6yov ov TOV avTov 15 
aTroSiSofjiev virep d^olv. oOev d^apTciveiv TOi/9 erepov 
Tpov KaTrjyopovvTas. el fjiev yap TavTov eaTi TW 
TTw TO dya9ov, Kal TW iTTTTCp TO Tpe^eiv, vrco9 
aiTiov Kal fyapjjLciKov TO dyadov, Kai vrj Ata 

Xeoj/T09 Kal KVVOS TO Tpe^eiv KaTrjyopov^ev ; el $ 20 
eTepov, OVK bpOws avOpwrrov dyaOov Kal ITTTTOV Tpe^eiv 
\eyojjiev. 

Diogenes Laertius II 119 Beivos 8 ayav cov ev Tot9 
epicrTiKols dvrjpei Kal TOL el^rj Kal e\eye TOV \eyovTa 
avdpwjTov elvai, fju^eva, ovTe yap TovSe, \eyeiv, OVTC 25 
Tovbe T I yap ua\\ov TOV$ rj Tovbe ; oi)S apa TOvSe. 
Kal 7rd\iv TO- \d%avov OVK ecrTi TO SeiKVv/Jievov \d%avov 
IJLCV yap rjv irpo fjivpiwv eTO)V OVK apa e crrt TOVTO \a^avov. 
[Keeper, Wellmann &lt;av9pco7rov \iyeiv&gt; /jLTj&eva: edd. Kal 
Tcd\iv TO \davov. 30 



65 Diogenes Laertius II 1 5 Qai&wv HXeto9 . . . ^eTel^e Phaedo of Elis 
^coKpaTovs. . . . StaSo^o9 8 avTov TL\eicrTaivos HXeto9, 
Kal TpiTOi CLTT avTov ol Tcepl ^ieveBrjjjLOv TOV ^peTpiea Menedemus of 
Kal Ao-AcXT/TrtttS^^ TOV $&gt;\ido-iov, jjueTayovTes dnro ^TI\TT(DVO^. ] 
Kal eo)9 fjuev TOVTWV HXeta/col nrpoa riyopevovTO, CLTTO oe 35 



134 Kal 8rj Kal ToSe epcoTav eitoOei [sc. MeveS^/Ao?] * TO 



40 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [65 

Tpov TOV erepov erepov eVrt ; vai. erepov Be ecm, rb 
TOV ajadov ; vai. OVK apa TO w^eXet^ dyaOov 
avypei Be, fyacri, real TCL aiTo^a-ruca TWV a&w/AaTcov, 
iOeif ical TOVTWV TCL a r jf\a 7TjOoo-SeyoyLte^o9 ra 
5 ov% a7T\d avypet,, \eyco o~e o-vvrj/jijjLeva real 



67] 



VII PLATO AND THE OLD ACADEMY 

66 Euthyphro 5 C vvv ovv 77009 Ato? \eye /mot, o vvv Hato 

csv , ,&lt;N/ ^ K, / \ &gt; /o\ i \ Euthyphro 

or) cra&lt;pw&lt;i eibevai oaa-^ypi^ov TTOLOV Ti TO evcrepes 9779 



elvai KOI TO daepes /cal Trepl (f)bvov /cal irepl TWV 
r) ov TavTov ecrTiV ev Trdo-rj irpd^ei TO OCTLOV avTo CIVTW, 
/cal TO dvbcriov av TOV fjuev ocriov TTCIVTQS evavTiov, O,VTO 5 
$e avTM ofjioiov Kal eyov /Jbiav TIVCL ISeav KOLTCL TJ]V 
Tcav o Ti 7T6p av jjue\\r) dvoaiov elvai; ET. 

TL &lt;prjs elvai 
TO oaiov Kal TO avocriov ; ET. Ae&lt;ya&gt; TOLVVV OTL TO /juev 

0(TIOV eCTTLV 07T6p e/O) VVV 7T060). 10 

6 D SO. lAefJivrjcrai ovv OTI ov TOVTO GOI &t,6K6\6vou rjv, 
ev Ti rj Svo jjue SiSd^ai TWV 7ro\\wv ocricov, aXX e/ceivo 
avTo TO eISo9 &lt;j&gt; TcdvTa TCL ocna oo-id e&Tiv ; e^crOa 
&lt;ydp TTOV fjbia l$ea TCL re dvocna dvocna elvai Kal TO, ocna 
ocna r) ov p,vr)/jioveveis ; ET. "Eijcoye. SO. TavTqv 15 
Toivvv fJie avTTjV Sioa^ov Trjv l&eav rt9 Trore ecrTiv, iva 
et9 eKeivrjv d7ro/3\e r 7ra}v /cal %pct)fjLevos avTrj TrapaSeiy/jiaTi, b 
jjuev av TOiOVTOV y wv av rj av rj aXXo9 Tt9 TrpaTTrj, (f)w 
ocnov elvai, o & av prf TOiovTOV, JLLT) (f)a). ET. 
el ovTO) /3ov\ei, w 2,(OKpaTe$, /cal OVTCO croi 

a urjv /3ov\ofjLai 76. ET. "Ecrrt TOIVVV TO uev rot9 
7T/30cr&lt;tXe9 oauov, TO Be arj TTpocrc^iX,^ dvocnov. SH. 
, co Etv9v(f)pov, /cal 009 eyco e^rJTOvv airo- 
KpivacrOai ere, OVTO) vvv direicpiva). el jmevTOi d\r)0ws, 
TOVTO OVTTW olSa, d\\d crv Brj\ov OTi e7re/cSiSdi;ei$ 009 eaTiv 25 
d\rjOij a \eyeis. ET. Tidvv uev ovv. 

67 Meno 97 C SO. IIa)9 Xe7et9; o del e%a&gt;v bpdr)v Meno 
ob^av ov/c del Tvy^dvoi, ecocrTrep bp6a So^d^oi; MEN. 
&lt;j&gt;alvTai wcrre Bavad^co, a&gt; 2&lt;(*)fcpaTes, TOVTOV 
41 



42 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [67 



, O TL B$ 7TOT6 7TO\V TifJLiWTepa f) e7riCTTr)U7] 

opQrjs B6^7)s, teal BS o rt TO yLtez&gt; erepov, TO Be erepov 
avTwv. Sli. Oio-0a ovv oY o TL 0avudeis, ?} eyca 
CTOL e67r&) ; MEN. Haw y etVe. Sfi. f/ On rot? 
s AatOaXoi* dyaXuacriv ov Trpoaecr^rjKa^ rov vovv tcrw? Se 
ov& ean Trap valv. MEN. IT^o? TL Se 8rj rovro 
; SO. r/ Ort teal ravra, eav fiev arj SeSeueva r), 
/cal Spairerevei, eav be SeSeueva, Trapauevei. 
MEN. Tt ovv Y) ; 2^i. Twv e/ceivov TroiTjudrcov \e\vfjievov 
10 aev etcrrjo-Oai, ov vroXX?}? TWOS afyov ecrrt rtyu,^?, waTrep 
SpajreTTjv avOpo)7rov ov yap Trapauevei, Sebeuevov Se TroXXoO 
a^iov Trdvv yap /ca\a Ta epya ecrTi. Trpos TL ovv Brj \ey(o 
TavTa; Trpos ra9 Sofa? ra? d\ri6els. /cal yap al Sofat 
at d\ijOels, oorov fjbev av %povov Trapaaevwcn, /ca\ov TO 
15 %pr)ua Kal TrdvTa Tayada epydfovTai TTO\VV Se ypovov 
OVK ede\ov(TL Trapaueveiv, d\\a ^paireTevovo-iv e/c r^9 
tywxfis TOV dv9p(07rov, wdTe ov TTO\\OV d^iai elatv, ew? 
av Ti9 avTa? Stjcrr} aiTias XoyicrjjLw. TOVTO S eaTiv, 
M.evcov eTalpe, dvduv7]o-is, &)? ev rot? TrpocrOev T 
20 \oyr)Tai. eTreibdv Se Se6w(7i,, TrpwTov aev e 

yiyvovTai, eireiTa uoviaot, Kal Sta raOra $r) TiaicoTepov 
eaTi, /cal Siafyepei Secrua) 



Phaedrus 68 Phuedrus 247 C TOV Be vjrepovpdvcov TOTTOV ovTe 

25 rt? v/jivrjo-e TTCO TWV TySe Troi^Tr)? ovTe 7ro# 
d^iav. %ei, Be wSe. TO\fjb7]Teov yap ovv TO ye 
elirelv, aXX&)? re Kal Trepl d\7]6eia^ \eyovTa. 77 yap 
a^coyLtaro? re Kal do-^rjadTLaTO^ Kal dvatyrjs ovcria, 6Vra)9 
ovo-a, ^ru^5 KvftepvrjTrj /ji6v(p OeaTrj v&lt;, Trepl rjv TO TT)? 
3 o d\rjOovs e7ri&lt;TTrjfj,ii&lt;&gt; yevos, TOVTOV e%ei TOV TOTTOV. OLT ovv 
Oeov Sidvoia vu&gt; re Kal eVtcrT?;/^ dKrjpaTW Tpe(j)ouev7j, Kal 
1^1^779 00-77 av ue\\r) TO Trpocrr/Kov Se^ecrOai, 
Bid %povov TO ov dyaira re Kal Oewpovaa Td\rf6rj 
Kal evTradel, eW av KVK\O&gt; 77 Trep^opd els TavTov 
35 TrepieveyKTj. ev Be Ty TrepioBw KaOopa uev avTrjv BiKaio- 
avvrjv, Kadopa Be crco^&gt;po(7vv7]v } KaOopa Be eTTKmjfJL rjv, ov% 
77 yeveai? irpocreo-Tiv, ovB* 77 earl TTOV eTepa ev eTepw ovaa 
(bv rjuels vvv OVTWV Ka\ovuev, aXXa TTJV ev ro3 o ICTTIV 



69] PLATO : MENO, PHAEDRUS 



43 



ov OVTCOS eTTio TTJfjLrjv ov(7av Kai TaXXa cocrafT&)9 Ta OVTCL 
OVTCOS deacraiJievf) Kai eo~Tia0eio~a, ovo~a 7ra\iv 6t9 TO eio~co 
TOV ovpavov, oiKaSe rj\6ev. e\0ovo-7]&lt;; Be avTrjs o ^vioyos 
7T009 TTJV (bdTVvjv T0i9 tinrov^ o"T^cra9 7Tape/3d\ev d/mfipocriav 
TG Kal eV avTy veKTap eTTOTiaev. s 

249 E KaOdirep yap etpijTai, Tracra pev dvOpcairov tyv%r) 
TeOeaTai Ta 6VTa, 77 OVK dv r)\6ev et9 ToSe TO %q&gt;ov, 

n B eK TO)vBe eKeiva ov paBiov 
ovTe oaai /Spa^eco9 elBov TOTC TaKel, ovTe at Bevpo 

V, WCTT6 V7TO TIVCOV 6/JLl\l(t)V 67Tt TO dBlKOV 10 

\r)0r)V wv TOTC eiBov lepwv eyjeiv. 6\iyai Brj 
at9 TO T7)9 fJLVTJ yLt-^9 iKavws irdpecTTiv avTai Be, 
OTav TI TCOV eKei ofjioico/jia iBa)o~iv, eKirXiJTTOVTai Kal 
ovKeO^ avTwv yiyvovTai, o 8 eo~Ti TO TrdOos dyvoovo i Bid 
TO JJ^TI iKavws Biaio~0dvecr0ai. BiKaioavvTis p,ev ovv Kal 15 
o w^poo vvrj^ Kal ocra aXXa TifjLia tyvyjous OVK 
(freyyos ovBev ev Tot9 TrjBe 6/jioi(*)fjiacriv, aXXa 8^ 
opydvcov /jboyis avTwv Kal oXf/yot eTrl Ta9 eiKOvas LOVTes 
OewvTai TO TOV eiKao~9evTO$ &lt;ye^o9. /caXXo9 Be TOT rjv 
IBeiv \afJL7Tpov, oVe avv evBaifjiovi X,opq&gt; fjiaKapiav o^riv Te 20 
Kal Oeav, eirofjuevoi /meTa jjuev Ato9 ^yu.et9, aXXot Be 
aXXov Oewv, elBov Te Kal eTe\ovvTO TWV Te\eTwv rj] 
\eyeiv /jLaKapia)TdTr)V, rjv (bpyid^ofjiev o\oK\r)poi 
6We9 Kal dira6els KaKcov ocra 77/^0,9 ev vo-Tepw 

/, o\QK\r)pa Be Kal a?rXa Kal aTpe/jur) KOI evBaifjiova 25 

levoi Te Kal eTcoTTTevovTes ev avyrj KaOapa, 
KaOapol ovTes Kal do-rj/jiavTOi TOVTOV o vvv craiyLta Trepi- 
(pepovTes ovo/j.d^ofjLev, oo~Tpeov TpOTrov BeBecrfievfjievoi. 

69 Phaedrus 263 A 2^. ^Ap ovv ov TravTl SfjXov . . . 
a&gt;9 Trepl fjiev evia TWV TOIOVTCOV OJJLOVOTJTIKWS eyjo^ev, Trepi 3 
8 evia (7Ta(Tia)TiKtoS ; . . . f OTav Tt9 ovof^a e lirr) aiBrfpov 
rj dpyvpov, dp ov TO avTo TrdvTes SievorfOrj/jiev ; ^AI. 
Kal yLtaXa. 2H. Ti 8 orav BiKaiov rj dyaOov ; OVK 
aXXo9 aXX?7 (frepeTai, KOI d/ji&lt;f)io-(3r)Tov/jiev aXX^Xot9 T6 
Kal rjfjiiv avTOis ; $AI. Hdvv /juev ovv. 2H. Ei/ /jiev 35 
dpa Tot9 (7VfjL(f)a)vov/jiev, ev Be T0t9 ov. OAI. OVTOJ. . . . 

t. QVKOVV TOV /jieX\ovTa Tey^vrjv pi^TopiKrjv jjueTievau 
Bel TavTa o8o5 Siyprio-Qai, Kal ei\r)&lt;j)evai 



44 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [69 

riva xapaKTfjpa e/carepov TOV eiSovs, ev w re dvdy/crj TO 
7rX?7#o9 Tc\avao-Qai /cal ev a&gt; ^77. 

265 C 2ft. Efiol p,ev (fraiverai ra /jiev aXXa T ovn 

vraiSia ireTralo-Oai TOVTWV Se rivcov e/c TV^S prjdevTcov 

5 Svoiv elBoiv, el avroiv rrjv SvvajjLtv re^vy \a/3elv Svvairo 

TW, ov/c a X api. &lt;AI. Tivtov SJ ; 2ft. Efe ^^ re ZSeai/ 

a-vvop&vra ajeiv ra TroXXa^^ SiecrTrappeva, iv e/caarov 

opl&pevos 8rj\ov iroifi irepl ov av del SiSdo-Kew e0e\r). 

wo-n-ep ra vvv ^ Trepl "Epcoro?, o evnv, opio-0ev, eir ev 

10 eire Katcus eXe^^, TO yovv cra^e? teal TO avTO avTp 

opoXoyovfievov Sia TCIVT ecr^ev elirelv 6 ^0709. &lt;I&gt;AI. T O 

S e-repov ^ eISo9 ri \eyeis, & ZanepaTe? ; 2ft. To iraKiv 

fcaT eUr) vva&lt;jQai Tefjiveiv KO.T apOpa y Trefyvtce, KOI firj 

eirixeipew Ka-ra^vvvai pepo? pySev tca/cov fjiayeipov TpoTrqy 

*s XfM&pevov. ... 2ft. TOVTW ty ejcoye avTO? re tpturrfo, 

co QaiSpe, T&V Sicupecremv /cal o-vvaywywv, lv olo? re 

w \eyew ^ re /cal fypovelv edv re riv a\\ov rjyjo-ayfjLat 

Svvarbv et? ev /cal eVt ?roXXa 7re0u/eo&lt;9 opdv, TOVTOV SIM/CO) 

KaTOTTio-ee fj,T fyviov a&gt;o-T Oeolo. fcal fjuevTOi KOI roi/9 

20 Svvapevovs avTO Spav el pev 6p6w jj ^ Trpoo-ayopevco, 

^eo9 olSe, /ca\w Se ovv ^e^pi TovSe 8ta\eKTt,teov&lt;;. 

symposium 70 symposium 210 E 89 ydp av ^ xpi evTavOa TT/OO? T^ 

epwTLKa TraiSaycoyrjOf), 0O)fji6vo$ tyegrj? re /cat o / o6 w9 ra 
/j:aXa, ^09 reXo? r/Si; Icbv TCOV epWTi/cwv egatyvrj? /caT- 
25 o\frerat rt davfiaa-rov TTJV &lt;f&gt;vaiv KaXov, TOVTO efcelvo, w 
2ft)/c/?aT9, ou ^ /e/cei; -/cal ot epirpoa-Qev TrdvTe? TTOVOL 
rjcrav, TrpwTov pev del ov /cal oimr yiyvopevov ovTe 
d7ro\\vpevov, ovTe avgavo^evov OVTE &lt;f)6lvov, eireira ov TTJ 
pev Ka\ov, Ty & alcr^pov, ove TOTE ^tv, rore $ ov, ovSe 
30 7r/)09 i^ev TO /ca\6v, 7rpo9 $e TO alvxpov, ovfr evda fiev 
Ka\6v, ev9a Se ala^pov, 0)9 rial /lev ov Ka\6v, rial Se 
altrxpov ovo av ^avraaOrfaerai avrw TO /ca\ov olov 
Trpoo-coTTov Ti ov$e ^et/oe? ovSe a\\o " ovSev wv v&pa 
perexei, ov8e TI? ^6709 ovSe T i? eVt 0-^77, ovSe rcov ov 
ev eTepp TLVL, olov ev &lt;pq&gt; r) ev yrj rf ev ovpavp TJ ev 
TO) aXX&j, d\\a avTO icaff avTo petf avTov povoeiSe? del 
ov, TO, Se a\\a irdvTa /ca\d e/ceivov /jbeTe^ovTa Tpo 

TLVa TOiOVTOV, OLOV JiyVOfJLGVWV T TMV aXXcOV Kal a 



35 



irov 



7l] PLATO : SYMPOSIUM, REPUBLIC 45 



\v/jbeva)V fjirjoev e/celvo /j,tJTe Ti Tc\iov /JLrjTe eKarrov yi 
fjLrjSe irdcr^etv fji^ev. orav Srj rt? CLTTO TwvSe Sid TO 
6p0ws epdv eTravLtov e/celvo TO Ka\bv dp^Tai Kadopdv, 
a^eSov dv Ti dirTOiTO TOV reXou?. TOVTO yap Stf eaTi TO 
6p0a)$ eirl TO, epwTiKa levai TJ VTC aXXou ayecrOai, ap^o- 5 
fjievov airo TwvSe TWV /ca\wv eicelvov eve/ca TOV /ca\ov ael 
eiravievai, wairep 67rava{3a@fjiois ^pwjjievov, CLTTO ez/o? eVt 

SvO KOi CLTTO SvOLV 7rl TCCUVTCb TCi KO\CL OTtofJLCLTa, KOI CLTTO 

T&v Ka\wv O-COJJLOLTWV eVl TCL /ca\a eTriTTjSev/jiaTa, Koi airo 
TWV Ka\wv eTfiT^ev^aTWV eirl Ta Kaka iJ,a6riiJLaTa, co? 10 
ttTro TWV jjiadriiJLaTwv 67T e/celvo TO fjLaOrjfjia TeXevTTJay, 6 
e&lt;TTi,v OVK a\\ov 77 avTOv eiceivov TOV Kakov fidOirjiJLa, /cal 

aVTO T\6VTO)V O &lt;TTi KCL\OV. eVTCLvOci TOV {3iOV, ft) 

^coKpaTes, e(f)r) rj M.avTLVt,Kij ^evrj, eiTrep TTOV aXXoBi, 
ov dv9p(*)7rq), 6ewfjbev(t&gt; avTo TO K,a\ov. 

71 Tepublic 478 E TOVTWV 8rj vTcoK&i^kvwv Xe yeTft) /JLOI,, republic 
(frijcra), /cal airoKpiveo-Ou) o ^/DT/O-TO?, 09 avTo pev fca\ov 
/cal ISeav Tiva avTov /cd\\ov$ fjLTjSe/Jiiav fjryeiTai del 
TavTa ODcravTcos e^ovcrav, TroXkd Be TCL KaXd 

o (f)i,\o6edfjia)v /cal ovBa/jifj dve^o/jievos, av ri? ev 20 
TO /ca\ov &lt;f)f) elvai Kal &i/caiov, teal raXXa OVTW. TOVTCOV 
&lt;ydp &rj, co a^icrre, (frrfcro/jiev, TWV TroXXcoz^ /ca\a)V fjiwv TL 
GCTTLV, o OVK alo ^pov (fravrfcreTai ; /cal TWV &L/caia)v, o ov/c 
aSi/cov ; /cal TO)V 6crL(DV, o OVK dvoaiov ; OVK, aXX* 
dvdjKrj, e&lt;f&gt;ri, Kal Ka\d TTCO? avTa Kal alcr^pd (fravfjvai, 2 s 
Kal oaa aXXa epcora?. Tt oe ; Ta vroXXa nrKda-ia 
TJTTOV TL rjfjilcrea rj St7rXa&lt;rf.a fyaiveTai ; OvSev. Kal 
d\a $rj Kal cr/AiKpd Kal Kovcfra Kal ftapea fir) TL 
t, a av (frrjcrco/jiev, TavTa TrpoorpTjOtjo-eTaL rj TavavTia ; 
OVK, aXX del, etyij, eKacrTov d/jL&lt;poT6pd)v eferat. TIoTepov 3 
ovv ecrTL jjia\Xov i] OVK eaTiv ex-auTOv TWV TroXXco^ TOVTO, 
o av rt9 (f){j avTo elvai ; Tot? ev rat? eo-Tidcrecriv, ec^rj, 
7raiji(f)OT6pi%ovcn,v eoiKe, Kal rc5 TCOV 

7T6pl TOV eVVOVftOV TT)? /3oX% 7T6pL 

e&lt;j&gt; ov avTov avTrjv alviTTOVTai [Sa\elv Kal rydp TavTa 35 
eTrafM^OTepi^ei, Kal OVT elvai ovTe fjurj elvai ov$ev avTwv 
SvvaTov Trayicos voijaai OVTC dfji&lt;f)OTepa ovTe ovSeTepov. 
"E^et? ovv avTols, rjv S J eya), o Ti xpTJaei, rj 



46 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [71 



lw Qkcriv rfjs ueraj;v ovcrias re /cal rov urj elvai, ; 
ovre yap TTOV a/corcoBecrrepa ^rj 6Wo9 Trpbs TO jjbd\\ov yn?) 
elvai (fravtfo-erai, ovre tyavorepa 6Wo9 TT^O? TO /jidX\ov 
elvai. J A\7]6eG-rara, e(f&gt;7j. JZvptf/cauev dpa, &&amp;gt;9 eoi/cev, on 
5 rd rcov TroXXcoz TroXXa vofiifjua /ca\ov re Trepi /cal rcov 
v TTOV tcvKivbelrai rov re fjirj ovros /cal rov 
&gt;s. ^vprfrcafjuev. Hpoa)juio\o&gt;y?jo-a/jLv Be rye, 
ei TI TOIOVTOV (fraveLq, So^acrrov avro aX\ ov yvwo-rov 
\eyeo-0ai, ry /jLeragv Bwd/juei, TO /jiera^v 7r\avr)Tov 
f lpo\oyr}Kafji6V. Tou9 apa 7ro\\a /ca\a 
, avro $e TO KO\OV pr) opwvras fj,7j& aXXw eV 
avro ayovTi Swa/juevovs eireadai,, ical TroXXa Bu/caia, avro 
Se TO Sl/caiov fjirf, /cal rrdvra ovrw, ^o^d^eiv 
atravra, &lt;yi,yvGO(TKetv Se wv Bo^d^ovaiv ovBev. 
i 5 6^77. Ti be av TOU9 avra e/cao-ra Oecojjievovs ical del /card 
ravrd wcravTcos ovra ; dp" ov yiyvcbcr/ceiv aXX ov &od- 
fyiv ; ^KvdyKr) /cal ravra. Ov/covv /cal d&Trd^ecrOai re 
/cal &lt;pi\elv TOUTOU9 fJ^ev ravra &lt;j)rj&lt;TO/jiev e ^) 0^9 7^coo-/9 
ecrriv, efceivovs Be e^&gt; 0^9 Sofa- ; 

20 72 republic 509 B Toz^ YJKiov rols opw^evoi^ ov JJLOVOV, 
oluai, TTJV rov opdo~6ai Bvvafjitv Trape^eiv ^770-6^9, ciXXa 
/cal rrjv ryevea-iv /cal av^rjv /cal rpo&lt;j)rjv, ov yeveaLV avrbv 
ovra. ITw9 jdp ; Kat TOt9 yiryvwcrKOfjLevois roivvv /JLTJ 
uovov TO yLyvwo-fcecrOai, (f)dvai VTTO rov djaOov Trapelva^ 
25 aXXa /cal TO elvai re /cal rrjv overlay vrr e/celvov avrol&lt;$ 
TTpoa-elvai, ov/c ova-las ovros rov dyadov, aXX en eTre/ceiva 
TTJS ovalas TTpecrfteLa /cal Swduei V7repe%ovros. Kat o 
T\av/ca)v ud\a 76X0/0)9, "ATroXXo^, etyr), Saiuovias vTrep- 



3 o 511 ATovTO roivvv voqrbv p,ev TO eISo9 e\ejov, V7ro@ecreo-i, 
S dvay/ca^ofjievrjv ^Irv^rjv ^pijaOat, Trepi rrjv tyr^o-iv avrov, 
ov/c eV dp%r)v lov&av, ct&gt;9 ov Bvva/jievrjv rcov vTroOeaecov 
dvcorepw etcftaiveiv, elrcocri Se ^pco/jLevrjv avrois rots VTTO 
rcov /cdrco dTreiKaa-Oelai KOI e/ceivois TTpbs e/ce2va a&gt;9 
35 evapyea-(, Be$oj;a(T/jLevois re /cal rerifjuj/jievois. M.avOdvco, 
e(f)r), on TO VTTO rals yeayuerpiais re /cal rats 
t9 re^vai^ ~\.e&lt;yei$. To roivvv erepov 
rov vorjrov ~\e&lt;yovrd ue rovro, ov avrbs 6 



73] PLATO : REPUBLIC 47 



airrerai rfj TOV oia\eyecr0ai ovvd/jbei, ra&lt;? vTroOeaeis TTOLOV- 
lievos ov/c dp%ds, d\\d TW OVTL vTroOeaew, olov eVt/^acret? 
re KOI opfjids, Iva ^XP L Tov dvv7ro0erov eVl rrjv rov 
TravTOS dp^v lct)V, d^rdfjievos aur?}?, iraKiv av e^ojjuevo^ 
TWV etceivys e^oaevcov, OVTWS eVt Te\evTrjv /caTa/3aivr] 5 



St avTwv et? avrd, KOI reXeura et? 

Odva), (f)ij, IKCLV&S /^ev ov So/cet? *ydp JJLOL crvyvov epyov 
\eyeiv on fjuevroi /3ov\.i, Siopi^ew &lt;ra(j)eo T6pov eivai TO 
V7TO T% rov SiakeyecrOai, ITTLO-T^/JLT]^ rov 6Wo? re /cal 10 
vorjrov Oewpov/jievov r) TO VTTO TWV Te^vwv Ka\ovp,eva)v, at? 
al vTroOecreis dp^al real Siavoia /JLZV ava^Ka^ovrai d\\a 
p,r) alcrOrjcrecrisV avTa OedaOaL ol 0e(f)/jLevoi, Sid $e TO (JLTJ 
eV dp%r)v dv6\0ovT6S (TKOTrelv, aXA e^ V7ro0ecrecov, vovv 
ov/c la"xeiv Trepl avra So/covcrl aoi, tcaiTOi VOTJTWV OVTWV 15 
yLtera dp%rj$. Sidvoiav Se tcakelv fj,oi So/cet? TTJV TWV 

&lt;y6C0/LLTpt,Ka)V T KOI TrjV TO)V TOIOVTC0V %IV, aXX OV VOVV, 

&&amp;gt;9 fjiGTa^v TL 80^779 re /cat vov TTJV ^lavoiav ovcrav. 
f lKavct)Ta,Ta, fjv $ eya), aTreBe^a). KaL /moi eTrl rot? TTTapo~i 

TeTTapa TavTa TraOrifJuaTa ev Trj tyvyr) yiyvo/jieva 2 o 
e, vor)(Tiv jJiev eVl TO) dvcoTaTO), Sidvoiav Se eVl rco 
Sevrepcp, rc5 TP ITW Se nrlo-Tiv aTroSo? /cal TW Te\evTaiw 
iav, teal TCL^OV avTa dvd \6yov, wcnrep efi ot? e 
fjueTe-^eiv, OVTW TavTa (racfiTjveias 

M.a,V0dv(0, (f&gt;r), KOL ^VJ^COpO) teal TttTTft) ft)? 25 



73 republic 523 C OVTOL, fyapev, rpet? av elev 

O T6 (T/JLlfCpOTaTOS KO\ O~6VT6pOS Kal yLteCTO?. Tldw J , 

(f)ij. H? e&lt;y f yv06v Toivvv opcojuevovs Xe^yoz/ro? JJUQV Siavoov. 
aXXa /jiOL Trepl avTwv roSe O~KOTTL To irolov ; Aa/eruXo? 30 
yu-ei^ avTWv fyaiveTai ofjLOiws e/cacrro?, /cal TavTrj &gt;ye ovSev 
Siatyepei, edv T6 ev jJieaw opaTai, edv T ev eV^arw, edv 
T6 Xef/co? edv re /xeXa.?, edv re Tra^u? e az; re XCTTTO?, 
/cat Tray o rt TOLOVTOV. ev TTCLCTI yap rourot? oi)/c dva&lt;y- 
Ka^eTai TWV TTO\\WV rj ^v^rj TVJV V07]criv eTrepeaOai TI 35 
TTOT eVrl $d/cTV\o&lt;; ovSa/jiov &lt;ydp rj cn/a? avTrj apa ecrrj- 
fjurjve TOV &d/CTV\ov TovvavTiOv r) 8d/CTv\ov elvai. Ov yap 
ovv, e(j)7]. Ov/covv, r)V S ejM, el/coTcos TO ye TOLOVTOV 



48 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [73 

vorjorews OVK av TrapaK^TiKov ov& eyepTLKov eiy. E/#OTfc&gt;9. 
TV Se $r) ; rb ^leyeOo^ avT&v Kal Trjv o-fJbiKpoTrjTa rj 0^9 
apa i/cavws opa, KOI ovoev avry Siafyepei ev pecrw TLVCL 
avT&v Kelcrdau rj eV ea-^drw ; Kal atcravTax; irdyos Kal 
s \eTTTOTrjTa T) /jLa\aKOTrjTa Kal o-K\7)poT7jTa rj dcf)?] ; teal al 
a\\ai, alaOrjareis ap OVK eVSew? ra roLavra b 
wSe Troiei e/cao-rr) avrwv Trp&rov /JLCV rj eVl TW 

is rjvdy/caa-Tai, /cal eVt rc5 /j,a\a/C( rerd- 
i, Kal 7raparyye\\ei rfj ^v^jj w? ravrbv aK\ir]pov re 
10 KOL fjbokaKov aladavo^evri ; QVTWS, e(f&gt;rj. Qv/covv, rjv 8 
6760, dvayfcalov ev rot? TOIOVTOIS av rrjv ^frv^v drropelv, 
ri TTore o-^fMaivei, avrri rj aicrOrjo-is TO o-K\r)p6v, elirep TO 
auTo Kal /jLa\aKov \eyei, Kal r) rov KOV$OV Kal r) TOV 
/3&lt;xpeo9, TI TO Kov(f)ov Kal /3apv, el TO Te (3apv KOV^OV 
15 Kal TO Kovcfrov /3apv aijfjiaLvei, ; Kal jdp, e(f&gt;rj, avraL &lt;ye 
aroTTOi rfj tyv%f} al ep^velai, Kal e jria-Ke tyews Seofjievai. 

534 B ^H Kal ia\eKTiKov /caXet? TOV ~\,6yov eKdarov 
\afjLftdvovTa TT}? ov(rla$ ; Kal TOV /jurj e^ovra, KaO* ocrov av 
jjLT) e^rj \6yov avT(D Te KOI aXXa) SiSovai, Kara TOGOVTOV 
20 vovv Trepl TOVTOV ov (prjcreis e^eiv ; TTco? yap civ, TJ 8 
09, cfjaiyv ; QVKOVV Kal Trepl TOV dyaOov waavTW^ 09 
av fjurj e^r) $iopi(rao 6ai Tc5 Xo^yw diro TWV a\\o)v TrdvTcov 
TTJV TOV dyaOov ISeav, Kal wcrTrep ev f^d^r) SLCL 
e\ey%a)v Sie^Lu&gt;v, fjir) KaTa So^av aXXa. KaT ovcriav 
\ey^(eiv, ev iracn TOVTOLS CLTTTWTI TO&gt; \6yqy 
, OVTC avTo TO dyaObv ^0-6^9 eloevaL TOV 
%ovra ovTe aXXo dya0bv ovoev, aXX el Try el8a)\ov 
efyaTTTeTai, $6j;y, OVK eTrLO-TTJ/uirj e^aTTTeaOaL, Kal TOV 
vvv ftiov 6veipoTro\ovvTa Kal vTrvwTTovTa, Trplv ev6d$ 
3 o e^eypeo-Oai, et9 AtSou TrpoTepov dtyiKoaevov TeXe&)9 eVt- 
KaTaoapddveiv ; N^ TOI^ Ata, rj 8 09, cr(f)6Spa ye irdvTa 



74 republic 596 A BouXet ovv evOev&e 
(TKOTrovvTes, K T7?9 elcoOvia? /jieOooov ; eISo9 ydp TTOV TI 
ev eKacrTov elooOa/jiev Ti6ecr6ai Trepl eKaaTa TCL TroXXa, ofc 
TavTov ovo/jua eTTK^epo^ev. r) ov fjiavddve^; M.av0dva). 
orj Kal vvv o TL (3ov\ei, TWV TroXXw^. oloz^, el 
TroXXat TTOV elcn K\lvai Kal Tdjreai. IIw9 8* 



75] PLATO : REPUBLIC, PHAEDO 49 

ov ; AXXa t Seat ye TTOV Trepl ravra ra a/cevrj Svo, 
fiev K\tvr)s, /ua Be TpaTrefys. Nat. Qvrcovv KOL 
\eyeiv, on 6 BijfJMOVpybs efcarepov TOV (T/cevovs irpos 
ISeav {3\e7ra&gt;v OVTW Trotet 6 ^ev ra? #XtVa9, o Se ra? 
Tparre^as, als 77/^6^9 ^pco/jueOa, KOI raXXa Kara ravrd ; ov s 
yap TTOV rtfv ye IBeav avrrjv Srj^Lovpyet ovbels TWV 
Srj/jiLovpywv TTCO? yap; OvSa/jia)?. 

597 B BouXet ovv, e(j)r]V, eV avrwv TOVTWV ^rjr^crcofjLev rov 

{MfJL7}T7)V TOVTOV, T/9 7TOT eCTTiV / Et /3ouXet, 6^)7;. QvfCOVV 

i Tives K\tvai avrai ylyvovTai f^ia /uuev 77 e^ r?; (f&gt;vo~ei io 
(f)ai/mev av, o&gt;9 eyatfMai, Oeov epydcraaOai. TJ riv 
QvBeva, ol/jiai. Mta Se 76 ^i/ o re/crow; Nat, 
ec^r;. M/a Se ^i/ o %coypd(f)os. rj yap ; "Ecrrw. Zcoypd(f)0&lt;; 
ST;, K\ivo7roios, 0eo$, rpeis ovrot eTTio-rdraL Tpialv el&eo-t, 
K\ivS)v. Nal rpels. O /^e^ Sr) ^09, etre QUA: eftovXero, 15 
el re rt9 dvdyicrt eTrrjv /jurj irKeov 77 yitta^ eV rfj (frvaei, 
aTrepydo-acrOai avrov K\ivr]v, OVTWS eVo/T^cre fjiiav /JLOVOV 
avrrjv eKeivrjv o ecm, K\IVT] $vo Se TOiavTdi rj TrXeuovs 
ovre ec^vrevOrjcrav VTTO TOV Oeov ovre /AT) (f)va)cri,v. ITft)9 
Sr} ; e&lt;^&gt;77. f/ Ort, ^ S eyoo, el $vo fjiovas Tro 
ay yitta dva^aveir), 779 etceivai av av a/JL^orepaL TO 
e%oiev, KOI 6677 ai^ o ecrrt K\ivrj efceivT], a/VX ou^ at 
TaOra 877, ol^cu, elSais 6 6eos, 
770^77x779 ovrcos ova^j aXXa 

K\ivo7roi6s Tt9, yu-tay (f)V(7ei, avrrjv e&lt;f)vo-ev. 25 
BouXet ow TOVTOV u.ev (pvTOvpyov TOVTOV Trpoa- 
ayopeva)fj,ev 77 rt TOLOVTOV ; b^iicaiov yovv, 6^)77, e7reiBr)7rep 
&lt;f)V(7L ye teal TOVTO /cal raXXa TrdvTa TreTrolrjKev. Ti Se 
TOV TeKTova; ap ou brj/juovpyov K\lvr)s ; Nat. H /^al 
rot faypd(f)ov SrjfjiLovpyov /cat iroirjTrjv TOV TOLOVTOV ; 3 

AXXa rt avTov /cXivrj^ (frrjaeis eivai ; Touro, 
09, e/jioiye So/eel yLteTyotwrar a^ 7rpoo~ayopevecr6ai,, 
OL; exelvoi ^fjnovpyoi. Etey, T}I/ S 6706, ro^ TOI) 
TpiTov dpa yevvrj/jiaTos CLTCO T% ^&gt;ucrea)9 ^i^Trjv /caXet9 ; 
Llaz/u /xey o^y, 6^77. 3 5 

75 Phaedo 74 A z^Koirei 77, T^ S 09, t TavTa OVTCOS Phaedo 
e^et. (f)a/juev TTOV TL eivac IL&OV, ov %v\ov \eyco %v\w ovSe 
\[6ov \L0ay ouS aXXo TCOV TOLOVTCDV ovSev, aXXa Trapd 

E 



50 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [75 

ravra Trdvra erepov ri, avro rb laov &lt;/&gt;co/-ieV ru elvai r) 
ur)8ev ; &lt;&waev uevroi VTJ At", e(f)7j 6 ^i/jb/jiias, Oav^aarws 
ye. H Kal eTriardueOa avro o eanv ; Hdvv ye, rj 8 
09. TloOev \a(36i&gt;T$ avrov rr)V eTTta T^fJLrjv ; dp" OVK eg 
s (*&gt;v vvv or] e\eyojj,ev, rj j;v\a rj \L6ov&lt;$ i] aXX arra ISovres 
i&lt;ra, IK TOVTWV eiceZvo evevoYiaafJuev, erepov ov TOVTCOV ; rj 
ov% erepov O-QL fyaiverai ; aKoirei Se /cal rfjSe. ap* ov 
\L6oi fiev LCTOL Kal %v\a eviore ravra OVTCL Tore fjuev l&lt;ra 
fyaiverai, rore 8 ov ; Haw fjiev ovv. Ti Be; avra TO, 
euriv ore aviaa aoc efyavr), rj r) Icrorrj^ dvio-OT^ ; 
76, o&gt; Sw/cpare?. Ov ravrbv apa eo-riv, rj 8 
09, ravrd re TO, icra Kai avro ro LCTOV. 

76 Phaedo 100 B AXX , ^ 8 09, o&gt;8e Xey&&amp;gt;, ovBev KCLIVOV, 
aXX atrep del Kal aXXore Kal ev rc5 Trape\r]Kv6orL \6ya&gt; 
15 ovSev rreTTavfjiai \eycov. ep^ofiai &lt;ydp Brj eTTi^eip&v croi 
7Ti8eii;ao-0ai, r^9 alrta? rb eISo9 o TreTrpay/jidrev/jiai,, Kal 
rrd\iv err etcelva rd 7ro\vOpv\7jra Kal dp^o^ai arc 
, vTroOe/Aevos elvaL ri Ka\ov avro Kad* avro Kal 
dyaObv Kal uerya Kal rd\\a Trdvra a ei JJLOI 8/80)9 re 
20 Kal vy%(i)peLS elvai ravra, e\rri^w aoi eK rovrwv rrjv 
alriav eTTiSel^ew Kal dvevptfaeiv, &&amp;gt;9 dOdvarov rj 
AXXa jjurjv, e^&gt;ij 6 Ke/87/9, co9 8^80^x09 crot OVK dv 
Trepaivtov. ^Korrei 87;, e^r], rd 6^9 eKeivois, edv aoi 
j;vv$OK fj axTTrep eaoi. fyaiverai ydp JJLOL, el rl e&lt;rriv aXXo 
25 Ka\ov 7r\r)v avro rb Ka\ov, ovSe 8t ev aXXo Ka\ov elvai 
rj 8t(m fjuere^ei eKeivov rov Kakov* Kal Trdvra Srj ovrws 
\eya). rfj rotate alria %vy%a)pL&lt;; ; Kvy^copM, e(f)rj Ov 
f rj 8 09, en jjuavOdvw ovSe Svvauai, ra9 a 
ras cro(/&gt;a9 ravras ytyvcodKeiv aXX edv Tt9 
30 e&lt;yy 8t o ri Ka\ov ecrriv oriovv, i] %pw/jLa evavOes 

TI aXXo onovv rcov rotovrcov, rd fjuev aXXa 
eco, raparrouai, yap ev roi$ aXXo9 rrddi, rovro 
Be ttvrXco9 Kal dre^yo)^ Kal laws evijOcos e^co Trap 1 eaavrqi, 
on OVK aXXo n Troiel avro KO\OV r) rj eKeivov rov Ka\ov 
35 elre Trapovcrla elre KOivwvla elre OTTTJ Srj Kal O7ra)9 \rrpo&lt;T- 
yevo/jLevrj] ov *ydp eri rovro $LHT%vpio/j,ai, aXX on rq&gt; 
Ka\(j&gt; irdvra rd Ka\d yiyverai Ka\d. rovro yap JJLOL 
8o/cet do~(f)a\ecrrarov elvai Kal e/jLavray drroKpivaa Oai Kal 



77] PLATO : PHAEDO, PARMENIDES 51 



aXXeo, /cal TOVTOV e%o/jLevos rjyovfjicu ov/c av TTOTC 

aXX acr&lt;aXe9 etmt /cal e yu-ot /cal OTWOVV aXXa&gt; diro/cplva- 

aOai, or i TO) KCL\(&gt; TO, fca\a Ka\d rj ov ical crol So/eel ; 

Kal fteyeOei, dpa ra /jLeyd\a fjieydXa KOI ra 
ifa, /cal afjbiKporrjTt ra eXarra) eXarra) ; Nat. 
102 A &lt;I&gt;AI. Xl9 yLtez^ eja) ol/jbai, eVet 



/cal w/jio XoeiTo elvai n e/caarov TWV 



/cal TOVTWV raXXa ^TdXa^avovTa avrayv rovrcov rrjv 
eTTWvvjjLiav la-^eiv, TO 8rj /juera ravra rjpaira, Et ST;, rj 8 
09, ravra ovrco Xe^et?, ap* ov%, orav 



TOT elvai ev 



rcS Zi/ji/jsia dfjL(f)OT6pa, /cal yiteye#09 Ar 

AXXa 7/o, ^ 8 09, o//,oXo7et9 TO roz/ 

^WKpdrovs ov% 0)9 rot9 prj^aat, Xe^yerat 
^al TO d\r)0es G^etv. ov yap TTOV irefyvicevai ^i^lav 15 
VTrepe^ew rovrw, TO&gt; ^ifjifjuiav elvai, aXXa TW 
rwyftdvei, e^cov ouS au ^ay/cpdrovs virepe^eiv, on 
o Zw/cpdriis eo-riv, aXX 6Vt o-^i/cpoTTjra e^eu o 
7T/309 TO eiceivov ^76^09 ; AXr/^. OuSe 76 a 

6 



aXX t Aeeos e6i awv 7T/309 



77 Parmenides 128 E ToSe Se yu-ot etVe ou vofjii^ets Parmenides 

avro /cad* avrb elSos TL o/jLOioTrjTos, /cal TO) roiovrw 
av aXXo TL evavTiov, o ecrTiV dvofJLOiov TOVTOW Be Svolv 2 5 
OVTOLV /cal efte /cal ae /cal TaXXa a or) 7ro\\d /ca\ov^ev 
fj,eTa\ajjL/3dvei,v ; /cal Ta fjbev Tr)$ 6/jLoioTrjTOS fJueTa\afJi(3dvovTa 
b^oia yiryvecrdai, TavTrj T ical Kara TOQ-QVTOV ocrov av 
fj,eTO\a/ui/3dvr), Ta Be T/}9 dvofAOLOTrjTos dvojJLOia, TCL Be 
afjL(f&gt;oTepa)v d/jufyoTepa ; el Be teal irdvTa evavTiwv OVTCOV 30 

66TaXa/x/3a^6t, /cal eaTi Tc5 fAeTe%eiv 
d Te /cal dvofJLOia avra auTot9, TL OavfJiaaTov ; el 
&lt;yap avTa Ta ofioid Tt9 djre^aLvev dvop.ota yiyvo/jieva r) TCL 
b/jioi,a, Tepas av, oi/jiai,, rjv el Be Ta TOVTCOV yu,6T- 
dfji^oTepwv d^oTepa aTrofyaivei 7reTrov6oTa y ovBev 35 
w TATJVWV, UTOTTOV Bo /eel elvai, ovBe ye el ev dnravTa 
vei Tt9 rcT fJueTe^eiv TOV evos /cal TavTa TavTa 
Tc3 7r\r)6ovs av fjLeTe%eiv aXX el o eaTiv ev, avTO 



52 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [77 

TOVTO TroXXa aTToBei^ei, Kal av ra TroXXa 87) ev, TOVTO 
77877 Oavudaouai. Kal Trepl TWV aXXcov dirdvTwv ayo-avTcos. 
78 Parmenides 130 A T O 2co/c/&gt;are9, &lt;aVat [sc. rov 
Ila/D/Aez/fc&ii/], &)9 afto9 et dyacrOai 7-779 0/0^779 7-779 eVl 
s Toi/9 Xo70f9. Kal aoi etvre, atro9 cri&gt; OVTO) oipprjaat 009 
el 8?7 avTa CLTTCL, v&jpt9 oe Ta TOVTCOV 
Kai Ti o~oi ooKei elvai avTr) 

\ ? f f / &gt;/ V A ^V V 

/cal TrdvTa ocra z^O^ 87) Z77i/a)^09 tfKoves ; "Euoiye, 

10 TOV ^WKpaTTf. 9 H /cal ra Toid&e, eiTrelv TOV TlapueviSrjv, 

olov 8i/ca/ou rt et8o9 avTo Ka9 avTO Kal /caXoO /cal 

dyaOov Kal TrdvTcov av TWV TOLOVTCOV ; Nai, &lt;f)dvai. Tt 

^ .^ \r\^f^9 

TrdvTWV, avTO Ti eI8o9 dv9pcoTrov TJ Trvpos rj Kal m 

15 



Ey aTTOp/a, (/&gt;a^at, 7roXXa/ci9 Sr;, w Hap^evL^ri, Trepl 
avrwv yeyova, nrorepa %pr) $dvai waTrep Trepl eiceivav rj 
aX\ft)9. ? H /cal Trepl rw^Se, co ^coKpares, a Kal ye\ola 
o%eiev av elvai, olov 6pl% Kal irrpCos Kal pvTros rj aXXo 
TL dn/JiOTaTov re Kal (f)av\6raTOV, aTropels eire %pr) 
&lt;j)dvai, Kal TOVTCOV eKao-rov eISo9 elvai %/3t9, ov a\\o 



(j)dvai TOV ^(OKpaTrj, aXXa raOra yiteV 76, aTrep opwuev, 
raura /cal elvat- e!8o9 8e Ti avTwv oli]0rjvai elvai /AT) 
\iav TJ CLTOTTOV. 77877 fJbivTOi TTore /^6 /cal eOpa^e I^TI TI 
25 ?; Trepl TrdvTcov TavTOV evretra oraz^ TavTy Q-TW, cfrevywv 
cra9 /A77 TTore elV Ttv dfBvOov (j)\vapiav eaireo-oDV 
KiO-e 8 ovv d(piK6jmevos, et9 a vO^ or) e\eyo- 
66877 e^etv, 7re/)l eKelva TrpayaaTevoaevo^ SiaTpi(3(0. 
Neo9 7a/o el eTi, &lt;pdvai TOV HapaeviS^v, w Xft)/c/oar69, 
30 /cal OVTTO) o~ov dvTeiK^TTTai (f)i\oo~o(j)ia W9 ert avTi\rf yreTai 
/car e/i^v $ot;av, ore ov$ev avT&v artyLtacret9 * ^^^ 8e ert 

79 Parmenides 130 E ro8e ovv uoi etVe. 8o/cet crot, 
&&amp;gt;? ^&gt;?7?&gt; elz^ai el 877 arra, cov ra8e ra aXXa ueTa\au/3d- 
3 5 vovTa ra9 eTrcovvuias avTwv LQ-^eiV, olov 6uoiOT7)TOS uev 
o/jioia, ueyeOovs Se ueydXa, /caXXof9 8e /cat 
8t/cata re /cal /caXa yiyvecrOai ; Tldvv ye, 

TOV ZWKpdTTl. OvKOVV TjTOi 0\OV TOV 6t8oL 9 ^7 



81] PLATO : PARMENIDES 53 

pepov? eKaaTov TO ueTa\afji(3dvov fJueTa\ap^dvei ; r) d\\rj 
T9 av ju,eTd\r)*(fri$ %o)/H9 TOVTWV yevoiTo ; Kal 7rw9 av ; 
elTcev. TloTepov ovv SoKel croi o\ov TO eZ8o9 ev eKao-Tw 
elvai T&V TroXXcoz/ ev ov, r} TTWS ; Ti ydp Kco\vei, (f)dvai 
TOV ^wKpaTrj, a) TLap/Aevior}, evelvai; *Ev dpa ov Kal 5 
TavTov ev 7roXXot9 %copi&lt;$ ovcnv b\ov apa evecrTai, Kal 

avTOv v&jot9 av eirj. 

131 C H ovv eOeXrjcreis, co ^Ea)/e/3aT69, (frdvai TO ev 
TV} d\r)0eia fJuepi^eaOai ; Kal eTi ev ecrrat; 



E TtV ovv TpOTrov, el-jrelv, w Sa3/c/3ar69, TWV elSwv croi 
Ta aXXa peTa\r]^eTai, /uurJTe KaTa pepr) jurJTe Kara o\a 
peTa\ap^dveiv Swd^eva ; Ov pa TOV Aia, fydvai, ov 
fjioi ooKel evKO\ov elvai TO TOIOVTOV ovSa/jioy^ Siopio~a(T0ai. 
Ti $e Stf ; 7T/309 ToSe 7TW9 e^et9; To Trolov ; Qluai 
ere eK TOV Toiovoe ev eKaaTOv eISo9 oleaOai elvai oTav 
TroXX arra aeyd\a aoi o%r) elvai, pia rt9 LCTCOS BoKel 
l&ea r] avTrj elvai eVl irdvTa ISovTi, o9ev ev TO 
rjyei elvai. A\ijOr) \eyeis, cfrdvai. Ti & avTO TO 

\ &gt;f-* ^ \ ^ \ / 5\ 

Kdi TaAAa Ta peya\,a, eav cticravTO)? Trj ilrvyr) eirl 
6^779, ov%l ev Ti av peya fyavelTai, M TavTa rrdvTa 
dvdyKrj aeyd\a (^aiveo-Oai ; "EoiKev. "AXXo dpa elSos 
jAeyeuovs ava^avrjcreTai, Trap avTO Te TO /AeyeOos yeyovos 
Kai Ta peTe^ovTa avTOv Kal eVl TovTOi? av Trao-iv 
eTepov, w TavTa rrdvTa peyd\a ecrTai- Kal ovKeTi &r) ev 
eKaaTOv croi TWV elSwv ea~Tai, aXX direipa TO 

80 Parmenides 132 B AXXa, cfrdvai, w 
TOV ZcoKpaTr), fjurj TWV elSwv eKaaTOv rj TOVTCOV 
Kal ovSapov avTO) TrpocnfjKrj eyylyvecrOai d\\o6i r) ev 

OVTCO ydp av ev ye eKacrTOV eirj Kal OVK av eTi 3 o 

a vvv &r) e\eyeTO. 

C AXX ov$e TOVTO, $dvai, e^ei \6yov, aXX , c5 TLap- 
i8r), yLtaXtcrTa euoiye KaTa^aiveTai a)Se e^etv Ta uev 
TavTa wcTTrep TrapaBeiy/jiaTa ecrTavai ev Trj (hvcrei, Ta 
Be aXXa TOVTOW eoiKevai Kal elvai 6/jLOia)uaTa, Kal rj 35 
aXXot9 yiyveaBai TWV elo~wv OVK aXXrj 



81 Parmenides 133 c OVKOVV Kal oaai TMV loe&v 77/309 



54 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [81 



elcrlv ai elcriv, avral TTpos avrds rrjv overlay 
, clXX ov TTpbs ra reap 1 r^fuv elre ouoicouara elre 
orrrj or) Tt9 avra riOerai, cov rjueis aere^ovre^ elvai eKacrra 
eTrovoua^ojjieOa ra oe Trap 1 rjalv ravra oucovvua ovra 
5 etceivois avra av 777509 avrd eanv aXX ov TT/JO? ra eiBrj, 
teal eavrwv aXX OVK etceivcov oaa av ovoad^eTai OVTCOS. 
134 A Ov/covv Kal eTna-r^ur), avai, avrr) uev o 

TTJS o &lt;TTI,V aXtjOeia avTrjs av C 
TLdvv ye. ^/cdo-rrj Be av TMV 

10^ eariv, e/cdo-rov TMV ovrwv, o eGTiv, CLT] av 
rj ov ; Nat. H oe Trap* r]^uv eVto-r^/x^ ov TT)? 
^fjulv av d\7j6eia&lt;; CITJ, Kal av eKdarr) rj Trap rjalv 
TT icmj pr) TWV Trap* rjuiv ovrwv eKacrrov av eTTHTTTju r) 
crv/JifSaivoi elvai; Avdy/cTj. AXXa arjv avrd 76 ra 
15 ei^rf, a)? o/xoXo^et?, ovre e^ouev ovre Trap" rjuiv olov re 
elvai. Ov &lt;yap ovv. TiyvwcriceTai, Se ye TTOV VTT avrov 
TOV eioovs TOV TJJ9 eVicrT^yLt779 avTOL TOL yevrj a eariv 
efcaara; Nat. f/ O 76 rjueis OVK e^ouev. Ov ydp. OVK 
apa VTTO ye rjuwv yiyvcocrKerai, TWV elbwv ovoev, eTreior) 
20 avrfjs eTrio-Trjaris ov aere^oaev. OVK eoiKev. Kyvwarov 
apa rjfMV ecm, Kal avro TO Ka\bv o ecrri Kal TO dyauov 
Kal Trdvra a or) 009 i&eas avras ovcras vTro Xau/3dvofJiev. 

82 Parmenides 135B AXXa uevroi, elirev o Tlapuevi- 
8779, el ye. Tt9 Brj, a) 2&lt;a)KpaTes, av arj edaei eiorj rwv 

25 ovrcov elvai, et9 irdvra ra vvv or) Kal aXXa roiavra 
drrof3\e^ra&lt;s, urjoe n opielrai eISo9 6^09 eKaarov, ovoe 
orroi rpe^rei rrjv oidvoiav e%ei, ar) ewv loeav rwv ovrcov 
eKacrrov rrjv avrrjv del elvai,, Kal ovrcov rrjv rov oidXeye- 
aOai ovvauiv Travrdrracn Sia&lt;p0epL rov roiovrov uev 

3 o ovv fJiQi ooKeis Kal fjuaXkov yo-drio-Oai. A\7]0ri 
(f&gt;dvai. Tl ovv 7rotrjo-et9 (j)i\oo~o(f)ias rrepi ; rcol 
dyvoovuevcov rovrwv ; Ov rrdvv fjuoi SOKW KaOopav ev ye 
Tft) rrapovn. Hpft) jdp, elrrelv, rrplv yvuvacrOfjvai, a) Sai- 
Kpares, opi^ecrBat em ^eipels Ka\ov re. n Kal oiKaiov Kal 

35 dyaObv Kal ev eKacrrov rcov elftcov. 

83 Parmenides 137 A rroOev ovv or) dp^oueOa Kal 
ri rrpwrov vTroOrjcroueOa ; r) fBovXecrOe, errei^Trep SoKel 
rrpayuareicbSr] rraioidv rrai^eiv, arc eaavrov ap^coaai, Kal 



84] PLATO : PARMENIDES, PHILEBUS 



55 



T?}? epavTov viroOeo-ea)?, Trepl TOV e^o? avrov vTro0e/j,evos, 
elre ev ecrrw eire fjbrj ev, TI %pr] ^vfjif^aiveiv ; 

166 C Rlpr)&lt;T0co Toivvv TOVTO re /cal on, co? eoi/cev, ev 
etr eaTiv elre /j,rj &lt;TTLV, avro re /cal raXXa /cal 
TTyoo? avTCL /cal 7T/509 a\\r)\a TrdvTa irdvTWs earl re 5 
Kai ov/c ean /cal fyaiverai re /cal ov &lt;f&gt;aiverai. AXrjOe- 
crraTa. 

84 Pkilebw 14 C 2H. ToOroz/ rotW roz/ ^070^ ert Philebus 
paXkov SS 6/jio\oyias fie/BaiaxToofAeOa. TLPfl. TOV TTOLOV 
$7) ; Sll. Tbv Trao-i, Trape^ovra avOpwTrois Trpdy/jLara 10 
KOV(TL re /cat d/covcriv eviois ical eviore. ITPH. 
SH. Toz^ i/Ov 8^ TrapaTrecrovTa \eyco, 

Oav/jLaoTTOv. ev jap $?) ra TroXXa elvai 
u rb ev TroXXa Oav/JLacrrbv \e^6ev, /cal paSiov d^L- 

rcS TOVTWV OTrorepovovv TiOefJuevw. IIPH. ^Ap 15 
\eyeis orav rt? e /xe &lt;/&gt;^, TlptoTap^ov eva yeyovora 
, TroXXou? elvai, iraK.iv rou? e/ze /c&lt;xl evavriovs 
fteyav /cal (TfMicpov TiOefjuevo^ /cal ftapvv /cal 
fcov(j)ov rov avTov /cal a\\a fjivpia; SH. Su pev, w 
TIpcoTap^e, eiprj/cas TCL SeBrj/jiev/Jieva TWV daufjLaaTMV Trepl 20 
TO ev /cal TroXXa, avyKe^wprifjbeva Be co&lt;? eVo? el Trelv VTTO 
TrdvTcov ijS7j /j,r) Selv TWV TOLOVTCOV a-TTTecrdai,, TraiSapicoSr] 
/cal paBia /cal (7&lt;f)6Bpa rot? \oyois e/jLTroSia V7ro\a/j,/3av6v- 
TCOV yiyveaQai,, eVet fiijo e Ta ToidSe, OTav T? e/cd(TTOV 
Ta /j,e\rj re /cal d\\a fJiepTj Bie\a)v ra&gt; \6ytp, TrdvTa TavTa 25 
TO ev e/cetvo elvai Sio/jLoXoyrjo-dfjievos, e^ey^rj /caTaye\wv 
OTi TepaTa 8ir)vd&lt;y/caaTai, &lt;f&gt;dvai, TO Te ev co? vroXXa eo~Ti 
Kal djreipa, /cal TO, vroXXa a&gt;? ez^ fjuovov. IIPI1. 2u 
Be Brj Trola, a&gt; %a)/cpaTes, eTepa \eyeis, a ^TJTTO) avj/ce- 
^wprj/bieva SeStf/jievTai Trepl TOV avTov TOVTOV \6yov ; 30 

SO. OTTOTaV, W TTal, TO V fir) TO)V JLJVO/JLeVCOV Te 

/cal dTrdXkvfievwv Tt? TiOiJTai, KaOdirep dpTlws f^els 
ei7ro/j,ev. evTavOoL pev &lt;ydp /cal TO TOLOVTOV ev, OTrep 
ei7ro/j,ev vvv 8tj, o-vy/ce^coprjTai, TO /j,rj Setv e\ey^eiv OTav 
Se Tt? eva avOpwirov 7Tl%ipf} TiOeaOai Kal [Bovv eva Kal 35 
TO /ca\ov ev /cal TO dyaObv ev, Trepl TOVTCOV TWV evdo cov 
/cal TWV TOiovTWV TI TroXXr) &lt;T7rov$r) fjLTa 

ryiyveTat,. ITPH. IIw?; 2H. HpwTOV 



56 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [84 



el Tivas &ei roiavras elvac [JLOvdSas v7ro\a/jL/3dveiv d 
ovcras elra TTCO? av ravras, jjiiav e/cdo-Trjv ovcrav del 
TTJV avTrjv Kal jjbTfjTe yeveo~iv fiiJTe o\edpov 7rpoo~$e%o- 
fjievrjv, ofjiws elvai fie/BatoTara /j,lav ravrrjv fierd Se TOVT* 
5 ev Tot9 yiyvofjievois av Kal dire ipois etre 
KOI TroXXa yeyovvLdv Oereov, eW* o\ir]v avrrjv av 
o Srj 7rdvTCt)v dSwaTcoTarov (fraivoiT* av, TCLVTOV KOI ev 
dfJLa ev evL re /cal TroXXot? yiyvecrOai,. ravr ecm, rd Trepl 
rd Toiavra ev Kal TroXXa, aXX OVK eKelva, a) Tlpcorapxe, 

diropias alria pr) /caX&)9 6/jio\o&lt;yr)0evTa, Kal 

av av /^aXco?. 

85 PMlebus 24 B 2H. AXX ev ye, & &lt;^ Xe lipwr- 

a/Se? Kal dvejAwrjcras, OTL Kal TO o-tyoSpa TOVTO 
o (TV vvv e&lt;pOey^a) Kal TO ye ^pe^a rrjv avryv ^vvafjav 

is e^erov rcS /jiaXkov re Kal rjTrov. OTTOV ydp av evfjrov, 
OVK earov elvai TTOCTOV eKacrrov, aXX del 
r)o~v^a(,Tepov Kal rovvavriov eKaara^ Trpd^eatv 
TO 7r\eov Kal TO e\aTTOv aTrepyd^eadov, TO &e TTOCTOV 
d&lt;f)avieTov. o yap eXe^drj vvv Srf, JJUTJ dfyavicravTe TO 

20 Troaov, aXX edcravTe avTO re Kal TO /JieTpiov ev Trj TOV 
fjid\\ov Kal rjTTOV Kal cr^)6Spa Kal rjpefjba eSpa eyyeveaOaL, 
avTa eppeu TavTa IK T% avTMV ^co^a9 ev y evrjv. ov ydp eTi 
Oep/JLOTepov ovSe ^v^poTepov eiTrjv av \a{3ovTe TO Trocrov 
Trpo^copel ydp Kal ov p,evei TO re Oep/jiOTepov del Kal TO 

2$ ^jfv^poTepov waavTcos, TO Se Troaov eaTrj Kal irpoiov 
eTravcraTO. KaTa Srj TOVTOV TOV \oyov aireipov ylyvoiT dv 
TO Oep/jiOTepov Kal TovvavTiov d/Jia. 

86 Philebus 66 A Sfl. HdvTy 8^ &lt;/&gt;7;cret9, w 

V7TO re dyye\wv Tre/jUTrcov Kal Trapovcri (frpd^cov, a&gt;9 

30 KTTJ/Jba OVK edTi TTpWTOV 0^8 aV $ei&gt;TpOV, ttXXa, TTpWTOV 

irr) Trepl peTpov Kal TO /jLeTptov Kal Kaipiov Kal 
OTTOcra TotavTa %pr) vo/jLi^eiv Trjv diBiov yp?jo-0ai 
IlPfl. &lt;$&gt;aive.Tai yovv eK TWV vvv \eyofjievwv. 
kevTepov /Jbrjv Trepl TO av^/JLeTpov Kal Ka\bv 
35 Kal TO Te\eov Kal iKavov Kal irdvd^ OTroaa TTJS yeved? av 
TavTrfS eaTiv. IIPll. "Eot/ce yovv. SO. To TOLVVV 
TpiTov, fo&gt;9 TI efjur) fjuavTeia, vovv Kal (frpovrjo-w TtOels OVK 
dv fJLeya TL TTJ? d\T]9eias Trape%e\6ois. ITPfl. "Io~a)9. 



87] PLATO : PHILEBUS, THEAETETUS 57 



SH. *A/o ovv ouS [codd. ov rerapTa] a TT?? -V/TLM 
eOe/jiev, eVto-T^a? re /cal Te^m? *;al Soa9 0/3 #a 
raOr eZmt ra TT/DO? rot? T^tcrl rerapra, eiTrep TOV dyaOov 
rye eo-Ti paXkov \rj\ rrjs r)Sovijs gvyyevfj ; IlPft. Ta^ av. 
SO. TleVvrra? Toivvv, a? rjo ovds Wejjuev akvirovs opicrd- 5 
fjiVOL, Kadapas eirovo^dcravTe^ TT)? ^^%^?9 avrf)?, eVtcrT^/Aat?, 
ra? Se aicrOrfo-eaiv eiro^iva^ ; HPH. "Icrw?. Sflt. f/ ET77 
8 eV yevea, (frrjcrlv Opfavs, KaraTraixrare Koa-pov doibf]? 
drap tcivSvvevei Kal 6 fjfjLerepos Xo^o? eV KTTJ /caraTreTrav- 
p,evo&lt;; elvai Kpicrei. 

87 Theaetetus 184 E SlL ^H /cal eOe\j&lt;ret,&lt;; opoKoyeiv, Theaetetus 
a SS erepas Swdpew aiaOdvei, d&vvarov elvai 8t aXX?/? 
raOr ala-OevOai, olov a Si d/cor}?, 8t oi/rea)?, ^ a St 
o-v^ea)?, & aAJO?)? ; EAI. IIw? 7&lt;V OUAC eOeXtfcrco ; 
SH. Et Tt a/oa 7T6jol dfMporepwv Siavoei, OVK av Sta is 
76 TOU erepov opydvov, ov& av 8ta roi) erepov irepl dfi- 
&lt;f)OTepc0v alaOdvoi av. EAI. O 7^/3 ovi/. Sfl. Hepl 
8rj c/&gt;a)^9 /cal 7T6/3t %/ooa? Trpwrov /Jiev avrb rovro irepl 
dfjL(f)OTepcov r) Siavoei, on d^orepa) ecnrov ; 0EAI. "70)76. 
SO. OVKOVV real OTI e/cdrepov ercarepov i^ev erepov, 20 
eavrw 8e ravrov ; EAI. Tt ^V ; SO. Kal ort 
dfju&lt;j)OTepw 8uo, e/cdrepov oe ev ; EAI. Kal rovro- 
2n. OVKOVV Kal elre dvofjioico eire OJJLOLW aXX^Xotz^, 
Swaros el e-TTio-Ke^rao-Oai ; EAI. "Icra)?. SO. TaOra 
77 irdvra Bca rivos Trepl avroiv Siavoel ; ovre yap 8t 25 
aKofjs ovre Si OA/re&)9 olov re TO KOLVOV \a^dveiv 
Trepl avrwv. eri Se Kal roSe reKfnjpiov Trepl ov \e&lt;yofj,ev 
el jdp Svvarov eirj d/j,(f&gt;OTepa) aKe^raaOai, dp* earov 
d\fAVp(t) TI ov, olaO^ on e^et? eiTrelv a&gt; eVtcr/ce-v^et, Kai 
TOVTO ovre 6 i/a? ovre aKorj (fraiverai,, aXXa n aXXo. 3 
EAI. Tt 8 ou /zeXXet, ^ 76 8m T/}? y^rr^ Svvafus ; 
2H. KaXfo? Xe7et?. 77 Se 877 Sta TtVo? Siiva^is TO r 
eVl Traut KOLVOV Kal TO eVl TOVTOLS S?;Xot crot, c5 TO zcrnv 
eTrovo/Jid^eis Kal TO OVK eo-Ti Kal a vvv or) rjpcoTW/Aev 
Trepl avTMV ; TOVTOLS 7rdo~i irola avroSftjcret? opjava 8t 35 
MV aldddverai, ^JJUMV TO alcrOavo^evov eKao~Ta ; EAI. 
Ovcriav Xe^et? Kal TO fj^rj elvai, Kal o/jioioTr)Ta Kai 
, Kal TO TavTov Te Kal [TO] eTepov, eTi 



58 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [87 

Se ev T teal TOV d\\ov dpiOpbv Trepl avT&v. Brj\ov 
Se OTi Kal dpTiov re KOI TrepiTTov epwras, KOI TaXXa oaa 
TOfTot? eVerat, Sia vivo? iroTe TWV TOV o-&lt;wyu,aTo? rfj 
alaOavopeOa. SO. Tnepev, c5 eatr^re, aKO\ov6el^, 
ecrTiv a epcoTO) avra ravra. EAI. AXXa pa Aia, w 
ZwKpares, eycoye OVK dv e^oi/ut, elireiv, irXrjv 7 OTL JJLOI 
8oK6t Trjv ap^rjv ov& elvau TOLOVTOV oi&gt;8ev TOVTOIS opyavov 
coaTrep e/ceivois, d\~)C avTrj 8t avT^ TJ ^rv^ TCL 
fjiot (fraiveTai Trepl TrdvTwv eTricncoTreiv. SO. KaXo? 
10 yap eZ, w SeaiTijTe, Kal ov%, o&gt;9 e\676 Seo&copos, 
sophist 88 sophist 247 D HE. Aeyw 877 TO Kal 

K6KT?]/jUevOV SvvajJbiV LT 6t? TO TTOtCLV TepOV OTIOVV 
7T(t&gt;VKOS 6LT 6t? TO TTaOelv Kal G-piKpOTaTOV V7TO TOV 

fyav\OTa,Tov, K,av i fjiovov elo-aTraj;, Trap TOVTO OVTCOS 
15 elvai- TiOepai yap opov 6piew Ta ovTa w? GCTTIV OVK 



89 sophist 248 E HE. Ti Se TT/DO? Ato 9 ; ft)? a 
Kivj](Jiv Kal farjv Kal ^v^7]v Kal (frpovyaiv 
TreLo-Brjcro/jieOa Tc3 Traz^TeXw? OVTL /JLT) irapelvai, 

20 O.UTO /u/tySe (frpovelv, d\\a cre/JLVov Kal ayiov, vovv OVK 
e%ov, aKivrjTov ecrro? elvai ; EAI. keivov pevT dv, w 
^eVe, \6yov avy^wpolfjiev. SE. AXXa vovv pev e^eiv, 
farjv &e pi?, (frcopev ; EAI. Kal TTW? ; BE. AXXa 
TavTa pev dfjb(f)OTepa IVQVT avTw \e&lt;yofjiv, ov p^v ev 

25 ^XV 7 6 &lt;l&gt; no OfJLV avTO e^eiv avTa ; EAI. Kal TLV 
av eTepov e^oi TpOTrov ; HE. AXXa S/}TO- vovv /juev Kal 
Kal vrjv, aKivrjTOV pevTOi TO Trapdirav 



bv eorTavai ; EAI. TldvTa epoiye d\oya TavT elvat 
(f&gt;ai,vTai,. ttE. Kal TO Kivovpevov $?) Kal KIVTJCTIV o~vy- 

3 o ^coprjTeov w? 6Wa. EAL TIw? & ov ; HE. ^ 
o ovv, (b eaiTT)Te, dfCLVtJTwv Te OVTWV vovv 
Trepl /jujftevos elvai ^Sa/xoO. EAI. Ko/jaBfj /juev ovv. 
HE. Kal fj,r]v edv av fyepo/Jieva Kal Kivovpeva TTUVT 
elvai o-vy%a)pwuev, Kal TOVTW TU&gt; \6ya&gt; TavTov TOVTO e/c 

35 TWV OVTCOV e^aLp^(TOfjLev. EAI. lift)? ; HE. To 
TavTa Kal waavTws Kal Trepl TO avTO SOKCL aoi 
crTdaews yeveaOai TTOT dv ; EAI. OuSa/iw?. HE. Tt 
8 ; dvev TOVTWV vovv KaOopa? ovTa 77 yevbfjuevov dv Kal 



90] PLATO : SOPHIST 59 

OTTOVOVV ; EAI. f/ H/a&lt;rra. HE. Kal urjv TT/JO? 76 
TOVTOV TravTi \oyw ua^eTeov, 09 av eTrio-Trjuriv r) 
crtv TI vovv a&lt;^avi^wv la^vpL^rjTai, Trepi TIVO&lt;$ 
( H JEAI. ^&lt;p6Bpa ye. HE. Too Brj &lt;tXoo-o&lt;co teal ravra 
ud\icrTa TifJiMVTi Tracra, 009 eoLKev, dvdyKTj Bid ravra, 5 
fjLT)T TCOV ev T) Kol TO, 7roXXa etSij \ey6vTcov TO Trdv 
ecmjKos d7ro8e^(70ai, TWV re av Travra^rj TO bv KIVOVV- 
T(ov fJLqSe TO Trapdjrav dicoveiv, aXXa /caTa TTJV TWV 
TraiScov ev%r)V, ocra cucivrjTa Kal KKivr]iJieva, TO ov re 
fcal TO TCCLV ^vvafJL^OTepa \eyeiv. EAI. AX^^ecrraTa. I 

90 sophist 251 D HE. TloTepov fjujTe TTJV ovo-iav Kivr)&lt;rei 
/cal aTaaei TrpocraTTTcofjie 
ttXX &)? ajjitfCTa ovTa teal 

oi;Ta&gt;9 avTa ev rot? Trap 1 T]}UV \6&gt;yoi&lt;; TiOcouev ; rj 
et? TavTov %vvdya)fj,ev 009 SvvaTa eiriKOivwvelv aXX^Xot? ; 
rj TCL /jiev, TCL &e fir) ; TOVTCOV, w eatr^Te, ri TTOT av 
TTpoaipelo-Oai ^riaaifiev ; EAI. E^co pev virep 
ovBev e%co Trpos TavTa aTroKpivacrOai TI ovv ov 
Kad ev aTro/cpivofjievos e&lt;^&gt; e/cdcrTov Ta ^vu 
O) ; aE. KaXw9 \eyeis, /cal TiQw^kv ye 
, el ftov\ei) TrpwTov urjbevl /jL^Bev arj^ejuiav Svvauiv 
e%ei,v fcoivcovias 6t9 /jLrjSev. ovtcovv Kivrjo-is re Kal crrao-t9 
ovBa/jiTJ juueOegeTov ovaia^ ; EAI. Ov yap ovv. HE. 
TL $e ; ecrrat nroTepov avT&v, ovaias urj Trpocncoivwvovv ; 
@EAI. OVK edTai. HE. Ta^v Srj TavTrj ye TTJ crvv- 25 
oao\oyia nravTa avao~TaTa yeyovev, 0)9 eoiKev, d^a Te TWV 
TO Trdv KIVOVVTCOV Kai TWV ft&gt;9 ev KJTCLVTWV Kal OCTOL KCLT 
eiSij TCL ovTa KaTa TavTa aicravTO)? eyovTa elvau (fraaiv dei 
yap OVTOL TO ye elvat, TTpoadTTTOvo-iv, oi fjbev 
KtvelaOaL \eyovTes, ol Be OVTCOS eaTrjKOTa elvai. 30 
EAI. Ko/&gt;6tSi7 aev ovv. HE. Kal fjLrjv Kal OCTOL Tore 
/jiev ^WTiOeaai TO, TrdvTa, rore Be Siaipovcnv, etre et9 e^ 
Kal et; 6^09 aireipa elVe et9 Trepan e^ovTa crToi^ela 
Biaipovuevoi Kal eK TOVTWV avvTiOevTes, ouoicos aev eav 
ev pepei TOVTO TiQuvi yiyvoaevov, ouoicos Be Kal eav dei, 35 
TrdvTa TavTa \eyoiev av ovBev, eiTrep aqBeuia ecrTi 
EAI. Op^w9. HE. "Ert TOLVVV av avTol 
TravTcov KaTaye\aaTOTaTa ueTioiev TOV \oyov ol aijBev 



60 TEXTS FOE LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [90 

ewvTes KOIVWVIO, TraOrj/juaro^ erepov Odrepov Trpoaayopeveiv. 

EAI. IIw9 ; HE. Tc3 re elvai TTOV Trepl nrdvra 

dvaytcd&VTai xpfjaQai /cal rc5 %&&amp;gt;/n? KOI rc3 aXkwv real 

TO&gt; /cad avTo teal pvpiois erepoi?, wv drcpaTels 6We? 

5 eipyecrOai /cal ^ avvaTrreiv ev rot? \oyois OVK a\\wv 

BeovTat, TMV e^e\ey^6vTO)v, d\\d TO \j6/jievov Oi/co0ei&gt; 

TOP Tro\e^Lov KCU evavTiwo-ofjievov e^oz/re?, eVro? V7ro(f&gt;0ey- 

yo^evov wcnrep TOV CITOTTOV Evpv/c\ea Tre/ot^e/aoz/re? del 

-rropevovTai. EAI. KO/U&? Xeyets O/JLOLOV re /cal 

10 BE. Tt & , av TrdvTa aXX^Xot? ewfjiev ^vva^i 

e-jriKowwvias ; EAI. TOVTO /lev oto? re tcdyo) 

iE. lift)?; EAI. f/ Ort Kiwrja-k re avTrj 

av Kai crracrt? av nrd\iv avTrj KLVOLTO, eiTrep 





eTT a\\Tj\oiv. ttE. AXXa /mrjv TOVTO ye 
I5 /&lt; wi/ /u,ty /jutyi(TTai,s dvdy/cais dSvvaTov, Kivrjcriv Te terra- 
cr#at /cat GTacriv Kivelo-Oai. EAI. ILw? ydp ov ; 
E. To TpiTov 877 ftovov \OLTTOV. EAI. Nat. HE. Kat 
pr]v ev ye TL TOVTWV dvay/calov, rj TrdvTa rj /jLTjSev TJ 
Ta f^ev e6e\GLv ra 8e JULY) crv/JifjiiyvvaOai. 0EAI. IIw? 
20 ydp ov ; HE. Kat fjirjv ra 76 8uo dSv 
EAI. Nat. HE. Ha? apa o jSovXo^evos o 
Kpiveo~0ai TO \OITTOV TCOV Tpiwv Orjaei. EAI. 
fiev ovv. HE. f/ Ore Srj ra /j,ev e6e\ei TOVTO Spdv, ra 
8 ov, cr^eoov olov ra ypd/j,jj,aTa ireirovOoT av eirj. /cal 
25 J a P e/celvcov ra pev dvappoaTel TTOV TT^OO? aXX^Xa, ra 8e 
gvvap/jLOTTei. EAI. Ha)? 8 ov ; HE. Ta 8e 76 
&lt;f&gt;wvr]evTa SiafapovTO)? TWV aXkoov olov 86O-/X09 8ta 
Ke%a)p7]/cev, wo-Te dvev TIVOS avTwv dSvvaTov 
/cal TWV aXXcov eTepov eTepw. EAI. Kat 
3 o /xdXa 76. 

91 sophist 253 B HE. Tt 8 ; eVaS^ /cat ra 761/77 
aXX?yXa KCLTCL TO, ToiavTa 

* * * / \} ofs\ 

a/3 ov //,er eTn&lt;TTr]^s TIVOS avay/caiov ota TWZ^ \oycov 
Tropevecrdai TOV op0a)s /zeXXoz/ra Seigeiv Tcola Troioi? av/ui- 
35 &lt;/&gt;a)i/et TWZ^ yevwv /cat Trota d\\r)\a ov 8e^erat ; /cat 
877 /cat 8ta TrdvTcov el avve^ovT CLTT avT eVrtV, wo-re 
avppiyvvo-dai SvvaTa elvai, /cat nraKiv ev rat? Siaipecrecnv, 
el 8^ oXwz/ ere/)a TT]? 8tatpeVe&&amp;gt;9 alVta ; EAI. IIw9 



92] PLATO : SOPHIST 61 



yap OVK etcrTT?// 7 ?? 6 j Ka 0"%e 76 

crT?79; BE. TtV ow at&gt; vvv Trpoo-epovfJiev, w 

TavTrjv ; rj 7T/Q09 

Oepwv e/u,7re&lt;76We9 eV^cTT^/a?/^, Kal Kiv^vvevo^ev 

TOV o~o(j)io-Tr)v TfpOTepov dvevprjKevai TOP (jbtX6Vo(oz&gt; ; 5 

(B)EAI. IIco9 \eyeis; BE. To /cara 76^97 Siaipela Oai 

KOI /jbrjre ravrov &lt;oi/&gt; eISo9 erepov r)&lt;yr)cracr6ai /ntfre erepov 

bv ravTov JJLMV ov rfjs $ia\KTi/cfj&lt;; (frrjcrojuiev eTTicrrrnji^ 

elvau; EAI. Nat, ^cro^ev. BE. OVKOVI&gt; 6 &lt;ye TOVTO 

Svvarbs Spdv fjiiav ISeav Sta iroXKuiv, 6^09 etcdarov 1 

K6ijjLVov xwpls, Trdvrr) SiaTera/jievTjv licavws 

Kal 7roXXa9 erepas d\\rj\u)V VTTO [Juia^ e^wOev 

fjuevas, Kal JJLICLV av &i o\wv TTO\\WV ev evl 

Kal 7roXXa9 %&)/)l9 TTCLvrrj ^LWpLO-jJLeva^. TOVTO 8 

rj Te Koivwveiv GicaaTa SvvaTai, /cal OTTTJ /JLIJ, Bia- 15 

Kplveiv KaTa 76^09 eTria-Taordai. EAI. TLavTaTracn 

ovv. BE. AXXa fjir)v TO 76 SiaXeKTiKov OVK aXXw 

fo&gt;9 eyto/Jiai, TrXr/z^ ro5 /caOapws re /cat Si/caicos 

(j)OVVTl. 

92 sophist 258 E BE. M^ TOLVVV r)/jias etiry TIS QTI 2 
TovvavTiov TOV 6Vro9 TO /^ 6y airofyaivofjievoi 
\eyeiv 009 eaTiv. ^jJiel^ yap Trepl fjiev evavTiov TLVOS 
yaipeiv 7rd\ai \e&lt;yo[Jiev, elr eo~Tiv etre /&gt;&?;, \oyov e 
Kal TravTCLTraa-iv d\o&lt;yov o Se z^i)^ elprj/ca/juev elvau TO jj^rj 
ov, rj TreLcraTco rt9 ft&gt;9 01) #aXco9 ^eyo/jiev eXe^fa?, ^7 25 
Trep av dSvvaTr], \e/CTeov Kal e/cetVw /cadaTrep 
\eyo/jiV, OTL (jv^^i^WTai Te aXX^Xot9 Ta 76^77 
TO T6 61^ /cat OaTepov Sta TrdvTcov Kal St aXX^- 

0Ta TO fJLV 6T6pOV /JbeTaO"%OV TOV OVTOS 

TavTijv TJ]V fJieOe^iv, ov fjbrjv eKelvo 76 ot; 3 

TpOV, T6pOV Se TOl) OVTOS OV GdTL 

e dvdyKrjs eivai fir) ov TO Se ov av daTepov 
Tpov Twv d\\wv av 6iij ryevwv, 6Tpov 8 
fceiva)V diravTcav ov OVK CCTTLV efca&Tov avTcov ov$e 

Ta aXXa 7r\rjv avTo, WOTTG TO ov dva^i- 35 
av jjivpia eVl /jivpiois OVK ecrrt, Kal TaXXa 8?) 
/cao~Tov OVTW Kal ^vfjbTravTa TcoXXa^y /jiev 
i 8 OVK 



62 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [93 

politicus 93 politicus 261 E HE. KaXw? 76, a&gt; ^co/care^- KCIV 

oia(j)vXar)s TO fjurj cTTrovBd^eiv eirl rot? oVo/mo~t, 
et9 TO yfjpas dvacfravtfo-et, (frpovrjcreax;. vvv Be TOVTO 
KaOdjrep Sia/ceXevei, Troirjreov TTJV Be d&lt;ye\aiOTpocj)iK r)v dp* 
s evvoels nrff TLS BiBu/jiOv aTrotyrjvas TO %r)Tov/j,evov ev Bi7r\a- 
crioLO L TCL vvv ev rot? rifJiicreo-iv 6^9 rore iroitjaet, ^TeiaOai, ; 
NE. SH. UpoOvfjLrjao/jiai. Kai JULOI So/cet TWV fjuev dv6pu&gt;- 
TTCOV eTepa rt? elvcu, TWV $6 av drjpicov a\\7j 
HE. HavTaTrao-i &lt;y TTpoOvfJiOTaTa KOI dv^peiOTCLTa 

/jievToi, TOVTO &lt;ye elcravOis KCLTO, Svva/jav 
NE. SH. To Trolov ; HE. M^ o-^LKpov fjiopiov ev 



10 



TO yu-e/30? a/ia eZSo9 e^era). Kd\\icrTov fiev yap diro TWV 
d\\wv evOvs Sia^copi^eiv TO ^Tovfjievov, av op6ws 
15 KaOaTrep o\i&lt;yov av TTpoTepov olr)0els e^eiv Trjv 
e7recr7reucra9 TOV \o&lt;yov, IScov e?r d 
aXXa 7^/9, co ^)/Xe, \7TTovpyeiv OVK a 
Se do-^aXecTTepov ievai Te^vovTas, KOL [jLaXXov t 8eat9 dv 
TOVTO 8e biafyepei TO nrav ?rpo9 r9 
NE. Sfl. E[w9, a&gt; feW, Xe7et9 roOro ; HE. 
GTL aa^eaTepov (j)pd%iv evvoia 



a) Aco/c^a,T9. ev TW /jiev ovv Trapeo-T^KOTi TO, vvv 



ev eVSeco9 dSvvaTov eTTi^eipijreov Be TL KOI 
Tr\eov avTO Trpoayayelv et9 TO irpoadev o-ac^rjveia^ eve/ca. 

25 NE. SIX Tlolov ovv Sr) fypd^eis Siaipov/uievovs r;/xa9 OVK 
o/o#&lt;w9 dpTi Bpdv ; HE. Toiov&e, olov eu rt9 Ta 
eTTL^eip^cra^ ^t%a SteXecr^at 76^09 Sicapol KaOaTrep 
TroXXol TWZ/ ev0d$e Stave/Mover i, TO fJLev EiXX.rjvL/cbv a&gt;9 
a?ro TrdvTcov dtyaipovvTes ^o)pi^, o-v^Tracn Be ro 

30 ryeveaiv, direipois ovai teal dfiiicTois KCLI do-vfji(f&gt;a)voi,s 

dX\,r)\a, /3dp/3apov pia K\r)aei irpocreiTrovTe^ CLVTO Bid 
TavTijv Trjv fjiiav K\fj(7Lv teal 76^09 ev avTO elvai Trpoo-- 
BoKwcnv 7) TOV dpidfjiov T9 av vo^l^oi KCLT e lS^j Bvo 
Siaipelv fivpidBa a7roreyL6vo/&gt;tevo9 drrrb TrdvToov, 009 ev eISo9 

35 dTTO^CDpl^COV, KCLI TM XoiTTft) Srf TCCLVTl 6efJLeVO^ V OVO/AO, Sid 

TTfv K\i)a-iv av /cal TOUT d^iol yevos e tee LVOV %ct)pls eTepov 
ev &lt;yLjveo-0aL. /cdXXiov Be TTOV real p,dX\,ov KCLT eiSr) /cal 
SiaipoiT dv, el TOV jjiev dpiO/jibv dpTttp KCLI 



94] PLATO: POL1TICUS, TIMAEUS 63 

Tt5 TefjLVOi, TO 8e av TWV dv0pa)7ra)V 761/05 appevi /cal 
0rf~\,ei, AvSovs Se f) Qpvyas 77 Tivas erepovs Trpbs airavras 
TCLTTWV a7roo-^i^oi rare, fyfiKO, a7ropo2 yevos afjua /cal {Aepos 
evpicr/ceiv e/cdrepov TWV o-^io-devTcov. NE. 2H. OpOorara 
d\\a jap TOVTO avro, &lt;w eW, TTCO? av rt? 76^05 /cat yLtepo? 5 
evapyecrrepov &lt;yvoiij, co? ow ravrov ecrrov aXX erepov d 
HE. 7 fl /9eA,TtcrT6 dvSpwv, ov &lt;f)av\ov 



94 Timaeus 29 D TI. Keyw^ev Brj SS r\v TIVCL alriav Timaeus 
&lt;yev6(riv KOI TO irdv ro8e o ^WLO-rds ^vveo-rrjo-ev. d&lt;ya6o&lt;$ 10 
^v, dyaOq) be ouSet? Tre^ol ovftevos ouSeVoTe e 
TOVTOV & 6/CT05 wi^ TrdvTct, 6 TL /jid\L(TTa 
TrapaTrXrjo-ia eavrw. ravr^v &rj jeveaeco^ /cal 
av Tt? dp^r)v KvpLWTaT7]V Trap* dvBpwv 

(j)povl/jL(i)v aTToSe^o/jievof; opOorara aTroSe^otr av. ^OV\TJ- 15 
^et? yap 6 $eo? dyaOd fjiev Trdvra, (f)\avpov Be fAiySev 
elvau Kara Svvafjiiv, ovrco 8^ Trav ocrov rjv opaTOv Trapa- 
\a/3a)V ov% rjav^iav ayov d\\a Kwovpevov 
/cal drd/crci)?, et? rdj;iv avrb ijyayev e/c TTJ? d 
rjyrjcrd/Aevos efceivo TOVTOV irdvTws ajjieivov. 

J]V OVT (TTL TW dpLCTTO) Spdv aXXo 7T\rjV TO fcd\\lCTTOV 

\oyiad/4evos ovv evpi&Kev e/c TWV KaTa $vai,v opaTwv 
ovSev dvoTjTOv TOV vovv e^o^ro? o\ov o\ov icd\\iov eaeaOaL 
Trore epyov, vovv 8 av %&lt;wpl? ^1/^7}? dSvvaTov irapayeve- 
crOai TO). $i,d Srj TOV \oyLcrfjLov TOV$ vovv fjiev ev tyvyfj, 25 
^frv^rjv Be ev (rw^aTi %vvi&lt;TTas TO Trav ^vveTe/CTaiveTO, 
OTTCO? o TI KoXkidTov ir) KaTa fyvdiv apicrTov re epyov 
dTreipyao-fijLevos. OVTMS ovv Srj KaTa \oyov TOV el/coTa Set 
\eyeiv, TovSe TOV Koafjuov ^aiov fiifrv%pv evvovv re TTJ 
d\7]0eia oia TTJV TOV 6eov yeveaOai vrpovoiav. TOVTOV S 30 

av Ta TOVTOIS e(j)J;f)s rj/jilv \KTeov, TIVL TWV 
avTov et? oyLtotor^ra o %vvi(rTas ^vveaTrjcre. TWV 
ev ovv ev fjiepovs e lSet, ire^vKOTWv /mrjSevl /caTa^doo-co/jiev 
areXet yap e ot/co? ov&ev TTOT av yevoiTO /ca\6v ov 8 ecrrt 
raXXa &&amp;gt;a icaO* ev /cal KaTa yevq /nopia, TOVTW nrdvTwv 35 
ofjiOiOTaTov avTov elvai TiOcofjuev. TO, yap Srj vorjTa %cpa 
TrdvTa e/celvo ev eavTto TrepiXaffov e^ei, KaOaTrep o8e 6 
ocra re aXXa Ope/A/iaTa ^vveo-TrjKev opaTa. 



64 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [94 

rd) yap rwv voovfjievcov Ka\\L(rra) Kai Kara rcavra reXew 
jjia\io-Ta avrov o Oeos ojAoicoo-ai /3ov\r)0els %&lt;*&gt;ov ev oparov, 
7rdv0 ocra avrov Kara (vaiv ^vyyevi] wa eWo? 



eavrov, 

5 95 Timaeus 34 C a\\d TTW? ^yitet? TTO\V ^ere^ovre^ rov 
7rpoo-rw%6vros re Kal elicfj ravry TTTJ KOI \eyojjiev, 6 8e 
Kal ryevecrL KOI apery jrporepav Kal Trpeo-jSvrepav tyvx^v 
aco/jLaro^ co? Seo-Troriv Kal ap^ovaav ap^ofjievov %vveaTr)&lt;raTO 
e/c Twv$e re Kal rotcoSe rpoTTft). rrj? afjiepLarov Kal del 
10 Kara ravra e^ovaris ovcrias Kal rrjs av Trepl rd aco/jLara 
pLo-rrj^ rpirov e f d/jb(f)olv ev i^ecrw i;vveKepd- 
ovcrias et8o?, r^? re ravrov ^ucreco? [av Trepi] Kal 
Tr?9 Oarepov, Kal Kara ravra ^vveaTrjo-ev ev yu-ecrw rov re 
djuepovs avrwv Kal rov Kara rd o-^fjiara /jLepicrrov Kal 
i 5 rpia \a/3a&gt;v avrd ovra avveKepdaaro et? piav rrdvra 
loeav, r?]v Oarepov fyvo-iv Sixr/jiiKrov ovaav eh ravrov 
%vvapfjb6rra)v {3ia /juyvvs Se perd rfjs ovcrias Kal etc rpiwv 

ev, rcoKiv b\ov rovro fjioipas baas 
, eKao-rrjv 8e eK re ravrov Kal Oarepov Kal 



96 Timaeus 41 A eVel S ovv Trdvres, ocroi re rrepi- 
7ro\ov(7L (fravepws Kal ocroi fyaivovrai Kad ocrov dv 
e6e\wa-iv, ol deol fyeveatv ecr^ov, \eyei, rcpos avrovs o 
roSe TO rcav yevvrjo-as rd&e- Seol 6ewv, wv eya) ^fjaovpyo^ 

25 Trarrjp re epywv, d St e/juov ryevo/jieva d\vra efjuov &lt;ye ^rj 
e0e\ovros. TO fjbev ovv 8^ SeOev rcav \vrov, TO 76 n/r)v 
/caXw? dp/moaOev Kal e^ov ev \veiv e0e\eiv KaKov. 81 d 
Kal erreiTrep ye&lt;yevr](T0e, dOdvaroi jj^ev OVK ecrre ovo d\vroi 
TO TrdfjiTrav, ov n pev ST) \v0rjcreo-6e ye ov$e rev^eaOe 

30 Oavdrov p,oipas, TTJ? e/Jbfjs {BovXrjaecos fjiei^ovos eri Seajjiov 
Kal Kvpicorepov \a%ovres eKeivcov, ol? 6V eylyvecrOe %vv- 
eoeicr0e. vvv ovv o \eyco 717)09 vpds evBeiKVVfjievo^, fid0ere. 
0vr]rd en yevrj \oi7rd rpC dyevvrjra rovrcov 8e /JLTJ 
yevo/juevcov ovpavos dre\r)S carat rd yap drravr ev avrq) 

35 76^77 ZOHOV ov% eget, Sel Se, el /-teXXet TeXeo? iKavws elvai. 
8S efJiov 8e ravra yevo/jieva Kal ftlov jj.erao"%6vra 0eots 
lad^oir dv r (va ovv Ovrfrd re 77 TO Te rcav roSe ovrcos 
arcav fj, rperreade Kara fyvaiv v^els ercl rrjv rwv 



97 PLATO : TIMAEUS 65 



TTJV e/Jirjv BvvafJLiv Trepl TTJV 
vfjueTepav yeveo-w. ical tca0 oaov /j,ev avTwv aOavdrois 
6/jbO)vvjuiov elvai 7rpo&lt;riJKet,, delov \eyoaevov tfye/Jiovovv re 
ev avTots TWV del Si/cy KOI vulv e6e\ovTwv ejreo-Oai, 
teal vTrap^d/jievos eya&gt; irapa^o-w TO Se \ot,7rbvs 
avaTM 6vr)Tov TrpO(rv&lt;f)aivoi&gt;Tes, d7rep&lt;yd%(T0e (pa 
yevvdre Tpofyrjv re 8^8oVre? av^dvere KOI &lt;f&gt;6ivovra 



97 Timaeus 48 E r) 8 ovv avOis dp^rj nrepl rov 

T7/9 TrpocrOev SiyprHJbivr]. rore [juev yap Svo I 
, vvv Se rpirov d\\o &lt;yevos T^MV 
rd fjbev yap Svo l/cavd r\v 7rl roi? efJUTrpocrOev 
GV jjuev GO? TrapaSeiy/jLaros elSo? vTroreOev, vorjrbv Kal del 
Kara ravrd ov, jjuifjurnjua Se TrapaSeiy/jiaTOs Sevrepov, &lt;yeve- 

v Kal oparov rpirov Be Tore fjiev ov ^&gt;ieL\op,e9a, z s 
rd Bvo e^eiv LKava)s, vvv Se 6 \6yo$ 
iv ^akeirov Kal d/jiv$pbv elSo? eiri^eipelv 

riv ovv e^ov ^vva/jav Kara fyvo-iv avrb 
; roidvSe fjbd\i(na, Trda-ris elvai yevecreoos 
avrrfv olov Ti0r}V7jv. 20 

50 B o auro? $r) \6yos Kal Trepl TT}? rd Trdvra Se^OfAewrj? 
crcoaara (f)vo~eco&lt;; ravrov avrrjv del irpocrpTjTeov eK ydp 
TI}? eavrrfs TO irapdjrav OVK e^/crrarat Svvdfjuea)?. Se^eTai 
re yap del Ta TrdvTa, Kal {jLopfyrjv ovSef^iav TTOTC ovSevl 
TWV elcriovTwv ouoiav el\ri^ev ovSa/jifj ovSa/uLws eK/juayeiov 25 
ydp (frvo-ei TCCLVTI KeiTai, Kivovp,evov re Kal ^Lacr^^aTi- 
^ofjuevov VTTO TWV elaiovTwv, &lt;f&gt;aivTai &e St eKelva aXXore 
d\\olov Ta &e elcnovTa Kal e^iovTa TWV OVTWV del 
fJH^jjuaTa, TVTrcoOevTa air avTwv Tpojrov Tivd Svcrcfrpao-Tov 
Kal OavfJiacTTOv, ov el&avdis aeTL/^ev. ev & ovv rc5 TrapovTi 30 
%pr) yevrj Siavo7]0r)vat, TpiTTa, TO fJiev yiyvojjievov, TO S ev 
a) ylyveTai, TO 8 oOev d^o^oiovfjievov fyveTai TO yiyvouevov. 
Kai or/ ical TrpocreiKdcrai TrpeTret TO fjuev Se^ofievov 
TO o oOev TraTpi, TIJV Be fJieTa^v TOVTCOV (frvcrtv 
vorjaai re, co? OVK dv aXXco?, e^rfTrcoyLtaro? eo-eudat, 35 
fj,e\\ovTo$ ISelv TroiKiXov Tracra? TroiKiX.ias, TOUT avTO, ev 
a) eKTVTrovfJievov evicrTaTai, yevoiT dv Trapeo-Kevaa/jievov ev, 
Tr^rjv dfjuop(f)ov ov eKeivcov djracrcov TCOV ISewv, oaa&lt;$ 

F 



66 TEXTS FOR LECTURES- ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [97 



i TroOev. O/JLOLOV jap ov TWV eTreiaiovTWV Tivl ra 
-n}9 evavTias rd re rfjs TO TrapaTrav aXkrj^ fyvaews, ovroV 
e\9oi, &e%o/jievov fca/cws av d^o^oiol, TTJV avrov 
&lt;j)alvov otyiv. 

s 51 A $10 Srj Trjv TOV yeyovoTOS oparov /cal 
alcrOrjTov fjirfrepa /cal viroBo^v fjLtjre yrjv jjujre depa yLU/Ve 

TTVp /JLTJT6 vS(i)p \e&lt;y(DfAV, jJLr)T OOTa 6K TOVTWV jjLTJT6 % WV 

ravra yeyovev d\\ dvoparov eZSo? TI, KOI afjuop^ov, 
7ra^8e^9, ^Taka^dvov 8e aTropcorard Try TOV VOIJTOV /cal 

10 Svo-a\(OTOTaTov avTO \eyovTes ov ^revo-QfjieBa. ica6 oaov 
8 etc TWV TTpoeiprj/jievayv Swarov e^LtcvelaOai TT}? (fyvcrecos 
avTov, 7778 av rt? opOoTara \ejoi Trvp fjiev e/cdaTOTe 
avTOv TO TreTTVpw/jievov yLtepo? fyaivecrOai, TO Se vypavOev 
v&ayp, ryrjv Be ical depa, Kaff oaov av fUfjbij/jLaTa TOVTWV 

is Se^rjTai. \6ryw 8e Srj jjiaXkov TO Toiovbe Siopi^o/Aevovs 
Trepl avTwv Siaa/ceTTTeov ap* ecrrt TL irvp avTO e ^&gt; eavTov 
/cal irdvTa Trepl wv del \eyo/jLev oi^ro)? avTa /ca6* avTa 
ovTa e/caaTa, irj TavTa, direp /cal {3\e7rojjL,ev oaa re dXka 
Sta TOV &lt;ra&gt;fjiaTO? aladavofJueOa, jjuova e crrt ToiavTTjv 

20 d\r)6eiav, d\\a 8e ov/c eVrt Trapd TavTa ovSafifj o 

d\\d /judTrjv e/cacrrore elval TL fyafjiev elSo? e/cdcrTOv 
VOTJTOV, TO Be ov&ev dp 1 TJV Tr\r)V \6yos; ovTe ovv &r) TO 
irapov d/cpiTov /cal dfti/cao-TOv dfyevTa dfyov dvai 81- 
ior%vpiojjievov e^eiv our&)9, our eVl \6&lt;yov jj,rj/cei Trdpepyov 

25 d\\o p,rj/cos e7re/jL/3\r)Teov el &e rt9 0/309 opicrOel 
Sid /Bpa^ecov (paveirj, TOVTO yu/aXtcrr ey/catptutTaTOV 
av. wSe ovv TIJV 7 e/jirjv avTos TiQe^ai ^ij(f)ov el 
vovs KOL Bo^a d\7]6r)S ecrTov Svo &lt;yevij, nravTaTcacriv elvai, 
icaO* avTa TavTa, dvaicrOrjTa vfi ^JJLMV et^iy, voov/uieva 

30/jLovov el 8 , Co? Ticru (fralveTai, 8oa d\r)6r)s vov $ia(f&gt;epei, 
TO fJLrjSev, TrdvO* OTTOCT av 8ta TOV o w / aaTO9 alcrOav6/jie0a, 
OeTeov fteffaioTaTa. 8vo 877 \e/cTeov e/ceiva), SL 
yeyovaTov dvo^oiw^ re e^eTov. TO jnev ydp avTcov 
8t8a^&gt;}9, TO 8 VTTO TreiOovs TUMV eyyiyveTaL /cal TO 

35 del fMeT d\r]9ovs \6yov, TO Se d\oyov /cal TO 
dfCLVTjTOV TreiOol, TO 8e juLeTaTreicTTOV /cal TOV fjiev jrdvTa 
dvbpa fjLeTe^eiv &lt;f&gt;aTeov, vov 8e Oeovs, dvOpcoTrwv 8e 
ftpajfy TI. TOVTWV 8e OVTCOS e^ovTcov 6fjLO\oyr)Teov ev 



98] PLATO : TIMAEUS 67 

elvai TO Kara ravra eloos e%ov, dyevvrjTov KOI dvw\e0pov, 
ovre et9 eavTo elo-8e^6jbievov aXXo a\\o6ev ovre avro eh 
aXXo TTOL lov, doparov 8e Kal aXX&lt;w9 dvaicr07jTov, TOVTO o 
Srj voTjcrts el\rf^ev eTncrKOTrelv TO 8 ofjicovv/jiov o/moiov re 
ivw SevTepov, alcrdrjTov, yevvrjTov, TreffropTj/jievov del, 5 

ov re ev TLVL TOTTW Kal TraXiv e/ceWev a,7ro\\v- 
, Sogy /JLCT alaOrjcrecos irepi^TTTOV TpiTov Se av 

bv TO r?)9 ^wpa.9 aL, (f)9opav ov 
eopav Se Trape^ov oaa e^ei yevecrw Traaiv, avTo Se 
avaujQ^vias CLTCTOV Xoyicr/jiq) TIVL vo6w, fjioyis TTKTTOV, 7T/Q09 
o S?) KOI oveipOTroXov^ev /3Xe7ro^Te9 KaL (fra/uev dva&lt;yKalov 
elval TTOV TO bv airav ev TIVI TOTTM Kal 



Tivd, TO e fJirjT ev yfi /jiTJTe TTOV KCLT ovpavov ovSev elval,. 
98 Timaeus 53 A rore OVTO) Ta TeTTapa &lt;yevr) aeiofjieva 
VTTO T7J9 Se^afjievfj^, Kivov^kvY]^ aur^9 olov opydvov creicr/Aov 15 
Trape^ovTos, Ta fiev avofjuoiOTaTa TrXelcrTov avTa a&lt;&gt; avTwv 
opi^etv, TCL 8 ouoiOTaTa ^d\idTa eh TavTov %vvct)0elv 
Sto 8?) Kal ^copav TavTa a\\a a\\7)v la^eiv, Trplv Kal 
TO irav e avTWv ^iaKO(T[ji7]9ev yevecrOai. Kal TO /jiev Srj 
TTpo TOVTOV nrdvTa TavT e^eiv d\6ycos Kal dfjieTpw ore 20 
8 eTre^eipeiTO KocraeicrOai, TO irdv, Trvp Trp&Tov Kal vScop 
Kal &lt;yr)v Kal depa, lyyt} uev e%ovTa avTwv arra, Tcavrd- 
Traai ye urjv otaKeifjieva wcrTrep eifcbs fyeiv avrav, OTav 
anrff TLVO? Oeos, OVTCO 8rj rore 7re(f)VKOTa TavTa TrpwTov 
8ieo-%7]juiaTLo-aTO eiSeai re Kal dpi9/Jiols. TO 8e y SvvaTov 25 
a&gt;9 Ka\\LcrTa apLCTTa re e ^% OVTWS eyovTcov TOV 6eov 
avTa t;vvi&lt;TTdvai, Trapa TrdvTa rjalv a&gt;9 del TOVTO Xeyo/jievov 
vTrapxeTco. vvv 8 ovv TTJV SiaTafyv avTwv eTr^eiprjTeov 
eKao-Twv Kal yeveaiv dtfOei \6yw irpbs vfjids or)\ovv. aXXa 
yap eTrel yu-ere^ere TWV Kara Traioevoriv 6Bwv 8t wv 3 

TO, \eyo/jieva avdy/crj, ^vve^reade. 
Trvp Kal yrj Kal vScop Kal drjp OTL 
8i)\6v TTOV Kal TravTi. TO 8e TOV acoaaTO^ eI8o9 TTCLV Kal 
/3d9os fyei m TO 8e ffddos av Trdcra dvdyKT) TTJV eTriireSov 

aL &lt;j&gt;v&lt;rw rj 8e op6rj T^ eTrtTreSov ftdaews K 35 
crvveo-TTjKe. Ta 8e TpLywva irdvTa e/c Bvotv 
Tpuyavoiv, pia,v fjiev opO^v e^oz/ro9 eKaTepov 
ycoviav, ra9 8e b%eias- wv TO fiev eTepov eKaTepwOev 



68 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [98 

jjiepos 7&m&lt;X9 opOrjS ifkevpals tcrat? ^irjpTj^evri^, TO o 
erepov avicrois dviaa fJieprj veve/jujfjievi^;. TavTrjv or) Trvpbs 
Kal TCOV dX\wv o-wfidrwv vTCOTiOefJieOa Kara TOV 
dvd&lt;yKr)S eiKOTa \6yov Tropevofjbevoi. 

5 99 Timaeus 5 7 C oaa p,ev ovv d/cpara Kal Trpwra crw/Ltara, 
Bid TOiovTcov alriwv yeyove- rov 3 eV rot? eiea-iv avrwv 
erepa e^TrefyvKevai, &lt;yevrj rrjv e/carepov TWV 
aiTLareov GvvTacriv, pr) JJLOVOV ev eKarepav /jieyeOo? 
TO Tpiywvov (frvTevcrat, KCLT dp%d&lt;;, aXX eXarrft) re 

10 fjLi^(0, TOV dptOfjLOV $ G%OVTa TOCTOVTOV, 0&lt;Ta7Tp dv T) 

rot? ei^ecn yevrj. Sto or] dv^i^vv^va avTa re 
avTa Kal TTpbs d\\r{\a Trjv TroiKiXiav eaT\v dtreipa 
orj 8e 



59 B TO 77^9 JAZV %pv(rov TWV /jiepMV, eiSr) oe r jr\eova 

TTVKVOT^TL 3 6TL fjL6V ^pVCTOV TCVKVOTepOV OV, 

Kal 7779 fjiopiov oKiyov Kal XCTTTOV ^eTacr^ov, wcrre &lt;TK\r)- 
elvai, rc5 8e /Ji6&lt;yd\a eWo9 auTOv oLaXeifJifJiaTa 
KovcfroTepov, TWV Xa/JiTrpwv TT^KTWV re ev 76^09 voaTcov 
avoTTaflels yeyove TO 8 K 77)9 avTM fjn^jdev, OTav 

CLTC d\\r)\a)v, eK(j)aves 
raXXa oe TWV TOLOV- 

ovoev iroiKikov ert Sia\oyio-ao-0ai TTJV TWV eiKOTWv 
ISeav, rjv OTav rt9 dvaTravaew^ eveKa, 

25 TOU9 irepl TWV OVTCOV del KaTaTiOefJievos \6yovs, rou9 76^6- 
Trepi oiaOeatfjuevos ebKOTas d/uLeTa/jue^TOV rjSovrjv Ararat, 

dv ev TW ftiw nrai&iav Kal (^povifiov TTOIOLTO. 
100 Timaeus 92 B Kal Brj Kal reXo9 Trepl TOV TravTos 
vvv 778?; TOV \6yov rjfjilv (frwfjiev e^eiv OvrjTa &lt;ydp Kal 
3 o dOdvaTa fc3a \a/3d&gt;v Kal %v/ui7r\7]pa)0els ooe 6 Kocrfjio^ OVTW, 
%q)ov opaTov Ta opaTa 7repie%ov, eiKwv TOV TTOITJTOV, ^609 
aio-0r)Tos, fjLeyicrTOs Kal dpio-TO? /caXXtcrro9 re Kal reXecora- 
T09 ryeyovev, et9 ovpavos oSe /juovojev^ wv. 
laws 101 laws 896 C A. ^AejJivr)iJie6d 76 fjur^ 

35 ev rot9 7rp6a0v, 0)9 el tyv%r] (^avei^ TrpeafivTepa 

ovcra, Kal Ta tyw%ris TWV TOV &lt;rco/Aaro9 ecrotro 7rpeo-/3vTepa. 
K. Hdvv uLev ovv. A. TpoTroi, 8e Kal 77^77 Kal /3ov\rjo-ei,s 
Kal \oyio-fiiol Kal So^ai, d\7]0ei$ eVtyu-eXetat re Kal 



102] PLATO: TIMAEUS, LAWS 69 



TrpoTepa JAIJKOVS (rwjjidTWv KOI TrXarof? /cal ovs KOI 

p(t)/jLr)&lt;$ eiTj yeyovoTa dv, eiTrep Kal ^rv^rj crcoyLtaro?. K. 
AvdyKTj. A. Ap ovv TO /juerd TOVTO o[jio\oyelv dvayKalov, 
re dyadwv aiTiav elvai yjrv^rjv /cal TWV /carcwv /cal 

Kal aicr^pcov Si/caicov re /cal dSiKcov /cal TrdvTcov s 
rwv evavTicov, eiTrep TWV TrdvTcov ye avrrjv Orjcro/jiev alriav ; 
K. ITw9 yap ou ; A. tyv%r)v 8^ Swi/cova-av /cal evoiicova-av 
eV dirao-i rot? Trdvrrj Kivov^evoi^ JJL&V ov /cal rov ovpavov 
dvdy/cr) Sioucelv fydvai ; K. TV /JLTJV ; A. Miav rj TrXetou? ; 
vrXetof?* eya) virep (7(f&gt;(pv dTTOKpivovfJiai. Svoiv /nev ye TTOV 10 
e\arrov /JirjSev TiOwfjiev, TT}? re evepyeriSos /cal TTJS rdvavria 
SvvajjLevr)? egepyd&aOai,. K. 2(j)6&pa 6p0w&lt;; elpTj/cas. 

102 Aristotle metaphysica M4. 1078 b 9 trepl Se rwv 
ISewv 7Tpa)Tov avrrjv rrjv Kara rrjv iSeav $6t;av eTTicr/ceTrTeov, 
fjL7]9ev crwdTTTOVTas TT^O? TTJV rwv dpidfjiutv fyvcriv, aXX o&gt;9 IS 
v7reXa{3ov e f a/o%^9 ol TTpwToi ra? t Sea? (frrjcravTes elvai. 
A 6. 987 a 32 IK veov re yap o-vv^Ofj^ yevoftevos Trpwrov 
Kal rat? Hpa/cXetre/ot? $ot;ais, &&amp;gt;9 dirdvTwv TWV 
del pebvrwv Kal 67rio-Trj[ir)s Trepl avrwv OVK 01/0-779, 
ravra fjuev Kal varepov OVTOX; V7re\a/3ev ^ay/cpdrov^ Se Trepl 20 
fjiev rd r]6iKa Trpay/jLaTevo/jLevov, Trepl Be rij^ 0X7/9 cfrvcrecDS 
ovSev, ev [JiivTOi TOVTOLS TO /caOo\ov &TOVVTOS Kal Trepl 
eTTio-TijcravTOS TrpwTov rr/v Sidvoiav, eKelvov avroSefa- 
oia TO TOLOVTOV vTreXaftev co9 Trepl eTepcav TOVTO 

Kal ov TWV alcrdrjTMV \rivo^] dbvvaTOv ydp 25 
elvai TOV KOIVOV opov TMV alaOrjTwv TIVOS, dei ye fjueTa- 
/3a\\6vT(ov. ovTws fjuev ovv TO, TOiavTa TCOV OVTWV lj)ea$ 



Trpocrrjyopevo-e, TCL aayTa Trapd TavTa Kal KaTa TavTa 



\eyecr6ai TrdvTa KaTa {leOefyv ydp elvai TO, Tro\\d 
o-vvwvvfjiwv ro?9 eiSecriv. 3 o 

987 b 18 eTrel 8 aiTia ra et^Tj ro?9 aXXot9, TaKeivwv 
crTOi^ela TrdvTcov (prjOvj TMV OVTWV elvai aTOi^ela. 0)9 fjiev 
ovv V\TJV TO fjieya Kal TO piKpov elvai dp^ds, a&gt;9 3 ovo-Lav 
TO ev e eKeivcov ydp KaTa jJueOefyv TOV evos ra 6^77 elvai 
ra ft&gt;9 dpiOfjuovs [codd. elvai rot/9 dpiO/jiovs]. 35 

988 a 8 (fravepov S e/c TWV elprnjuevwv OTI Svoiv diTiaiv 
povov Ke^prfTai, TTJ re TOV Ti eVrt Kal T{J KaTa Trjv V\TJV 
(rd ydp el&rj TOV Ti eaTiv aiTia rofc aXXot9, T049 B" eiSea-i 



70 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [102 



TO ev}, KOI Tt9 rj v\j] r) vTTOKeLfjLevij, Kaff 979 ra elBrj 
eirl TWV alaO rjTwv TO S ev ev Tot? eiBeaL \eyeTaL, on 
avTTf Sftt9 eV, TO aeya KOI TO piKpov. en Be rrjv TOV ev 
Kal TOV KaKws aiTiav Tot? GTQiytiois aTreBwKev efcarepois 

s efcarepav, wcrTrep fya/jiev Kal TWV Trporepcov e 
(f)L\oo-6(f)c0v, olov EyLtTreSo/cXea Kal Avajfayopav. 

103 Aristotle metapliysica A 9. 990 a 34 ol Be ras l&e 
alrias Tidepevoi Trpwrov /J,ev fyrovvres rcovBl TMV OVTCOV 
\a/3elv Ta? atTt9 erepa TOVTOIS lea TOV apiO^ov eKo^iaav, 

I0 wcrTrep el Tt9 apiQ^r\crai povKo^evos eXarrovcov fJiev OVTWV 
OLOLTO fir) Svvyjaeo-Oai,, TrXeto) Se iroir]&lt;ja^ apiO/jLoir). o"^eSov 
yap iaa r) ov/c e\drT(o earl ra eiSrj TOVTWV, irepl w&gt;v 
fyrovvres T9 aiTia^ etc TOVTWV eV e/celva 7rpofj\6ov Ka0 
eKaarov yap O/JLCOVV/JLOV TL ecrTi real jrapa ras ovaias TWV 

I5 [TS] aXkwv, u&gt;v eariv ev eVl TroAXwz , Kal eVl TOtcrSe Kal 
eirl Tot9 ttt8tot9. ert /ca^ 01)9 T/OOTTOU? SeUvvfjiev OTL ecrTi 
Ta el&r), KaT ovSeva fyaiveTai TOVTWV e% eviwv /juev yap 
OVK avdyKrj yiyvecrOai crv\\oyio-fjiov, et; eviwv $e Kal 
MV olo/jie6a TOVTCOV ei&7] yiyveTai. KaTa Te yap 

20 \6yovs TO i&gt;9 eK TWV eTricrTriiiwv eiSr] ecrTat TTCLVTWV ocrwv 
eiTLo-TTJ/jiaL elcri, Kal KaTa TO ev eVl TTO\\WV Kal TWV anrofya- 
crecov, KaTa Be TO voelv TL $6apevTO&lt;; TWV (f)0apTWV (f&gt;dv- 
Tacrfjua yap TL TOVTWV CTTLV. CTL Se ol aKpiftecrTepoi TWV 
\6ycov ol fjiev TWV Trpos TL TTOLOVCTLV IBeas, wv ov tya/jiev 

25 elvai Ka9 avTO yevos, ol Be TOV TpiTov dvOpwjrov \eyovo~Lv. 

991 a 2 Kal el fiev TavTo eISo9 TWV l&ewv Kal TWV yLteT- 

eyovTwv, ecrTaL TL KOLVOV TL yap /jLO\Xov eirl TWV cf)6apTO)v 

BvaBaiv Kal TWV TTO\\WV jJiev diBlwv Be TO Bvds elvai ev 

Kal TavTOV, rj eirl T avT^ Kal TT}S TLVOS ; el Be ^rj TO 

3 o avTO elBos, ofjitovvua av eir), Kal O^OLOV waTrep av et Ti9 
KaXoL dvOpwirov TOV Te KaXXta^ Kal TO v\ov, 
KOLVWviav eVt/3Ae-v/m9 avTwv. TrdvTwv Be fJid\LcrTa 
prjcreLev dv Tt9, TL iroTe avfji{3d\\eTaL Ta eiBrj T0t9 
TWV al(707)Twv r) Tot9 yLyvojjLevoLS Kal (f)0Lpo/jLevots. ovTe 

35 yap KLvrjcrews OVTC ueTa{3o\r)s ovBejALas ecrTiv aiTia avTol^. 
d\\d jjii^v ovBe 7T/309 TTJV eTTLCTT^/JLrjv ovBev /BoTjdel Trjv TWV 
d\\wv (ovBe yap ovcria eKelva TOVTWV ev TOVTOLS yap av 
rjv), ovTe et9 TO elvai, pr) evvirdp^ovTa ye T0t9 



104] THE OLD ACADEMY 71 



9 9 2 b 9 o re SoKel paSiov elvai, TO Sei^ai OTL ev airavra, 
ov ylyveTai TTJ ydp etcOeaei ov ylyveTai irdvra ev aXX 
avTO TI ev, edv SiSa) rt? TrdvTa. KOI ovBe TOVTO, el jj,rj 
yevos $(*)creL TO Ka06\ov elvai TOVTO 8 ev eviois dbvvaTov. 
ovoeva 8 e^ei \oyov ovSe TCL ueTa rou? dpL0uovs /JUJKIJ 5 
real 67Ti7re$a /cal aTeped, OVTG OTTW? eaTiv rj eaTcu,, OVT Tiva 
Svva/jiiv TavTa &lt;ydp ovTe ei8i] olov r elvai (ov yap eldiv 
, ovTe Ta ueTa^v (/jiaO rjuaTLKd yap e/ceivd), ovTe Ta 
(f)dapTa, d\\d Tca\iv TerapTov d\\o fyaiveTai TOVTO Ti yevos. 



104 Aristotle metaphysica M 8. 1084a7 ert el iraaa The Old 
loea TWOS, ol 8 dpiOuol ISeai, /cal 6 aTreipos ecrTai I8ea 
TWOS, rf TWV alo-0r)Twv TJ a\\ov TWOS. tcaiTOi ovre /caTa 
TTJV Oecnv evBe^eTai OVTG /caTa \6yov, TaTTOvai 8 OVTCD 
ra? tSeo-9. el $ Trejrepacr/jievos, ue^pi, iroaov ; TOVTO yap 
Set \eyeor0at ov JJLOVOV OTL, d\\d Kal SIOTI. d\\a arjv el 15 
^X,P L T ^ ? Se^^o? o dpiOfios, Mo-Trep Tives (fracriv, TrpwTov 
{lev Ta%v eTn\etyei Ta eiSr) olov el earTiv rj Tpids avTO- 
, TL,S ecrTai dpi9aos avTOiTnros ; avTO ydp e/cacrro? 

P L & eKa $oS- dvdyKij Srj TCOV ev TOVTOLS d 
Tiva elvai ovcrlai ydp Kal ISeai, OVTOL. a\\ 

Ta TOV %a&gt;ov ydp eiS?) virepe^ei. aua Se STJ\OV 
OTL el OVTCOS TI Tpids avTodvOpwTTOs, Kal al d\\ai 

ydp al ev TOLS avTols dpi9[JLols, &CTT aTreipoi e 

, el aev ISea ercdcrTTj rpta?, avTO e/cacrro? 
el Se utf, d\~X? dvOpcDiroi ye. Kal el aepo^ 6 e\aTTcov TOV 25 

6 eK TWV o-va^XrjTcov aovaBcov TWV ev rc3 aurcS 
, el 8r/ TI TeTpds avTrj ISea TLVOS eo~TLV, olov ITTTTOV 
TJ \evKov, o dv0po)7ros ecrTai /Jiepos ITTTTOV, el 8ua? o dv- 
aT07rov 8e Kal TO TTJs fjiev SeKaSo? elvai, ISeav, 
8e /ar;, ^Se TWV e^o/mevcov dpiOuwv. eTi Se Kal 30 
Kal ylyveTai evia Kal wv 6^877 OVK ecrTiv, wcrre Sid 
Ti ov KaKeivcov eiSr] ecrTiv; OVK dpa alTia Ta ellS^ eo~Tiv. 
eTi aTO7rov, el o dpL0/jios [o] fjie^pi TT}? SeKaSos, ad\\6v Ti 
ov TO ev Kal elSo? avTrjs TT)? SeKaSo?. 

9. 1085 b 35 TrdvTa Brj TavTa Kal d\\a TOiavTa (fravepbv 35 
OTL dc)vvaTov elvai TOV dpiOfjuov Kal Ta aeye0rj 
a. eTi $e TO 8iacf)0)veLV rou? TrpatTovs Trepl 



72 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [104 



Speusippus 



Xenocrates 



15 



a"r]iJ,eov ort ra Trpy/juaTa avra OVK ovra 
Trjv rapa^v avTols. ol /juev yap ra 

jjiovov TTOiovvTes Trapd TCL alcr0i]T(i) opwvTes Trjv Trepl Ta 
i$rj Svcr^epeiav Kal TcKdcriv, aTrecrTijcfav CLTTO TOV el$r)TiKOv 
5 dpiOfJiov Kal TOV /jLa07]jjLaTiKov eTTOLTjo-av ol Se rd ei&T) f3ov\o- 
fjievoi dfJLa /cal dpiOfjioiis iroietv, ov% opwvres Se, el ra? d 
rt? ravras OrjcreTai, TTW? ecnai o jjiaOrj/J 
Trapd TOV elbijTifcov, TOV avTov elSrjTi/cov Kal /jLa0rjfjiaTt,Kov 
eTTolrjcrav dpid^ov T(f&gt; \6&lt;ya), evrel epyq) y dvrjpriTai o 
Las [v.l. tSe&lt;z?] &lt;ydp Kal ov /jLa6ij/j,aTiKds vir 
o 8e TrpwTos Oefjievos TCL ei$rj eivai Kal dpid[jLov&lt;$ 
Ta CLOT) Kal Ta jmaOryiaTiKd elvai, ev\o&lt;yw&lt;$ 

105 Aristotle metaphysica Z 1. 1028 b 21 
8e Kal TrXetoi;? ovaias djro TOV evbs dp^d^evos, Kal 

ovcrias, dXXrjv /nev dpiOjjiwv, a\\riv oe 
^TV^TI^ KOI TOVTOV Sr) TOV TpOTrov eireKTetvei 

Compare A 10. 1075 b 37 ( 121). 
5. 1092all OVK 6p0ws 8 vTcoKa^^dvei ov& ell rt? 
ra? TOV o\ov dp^ds TTJ TMV ^CDV Kal (JIVTWV, 
doplcTTcov aT\MV Se del Ta T\eiOTepa, Sto KOI 67rl 

TWV TTpGOTCdV OVTCO? ^X eiV $ r l o l &gt;V, WCTT6 JATjSe OV Ti elvai TO 

ev avTO. elcrl yap Kal IvTavOa Te\eiai al dp^al e% wv 
vOptoTros yap dv0pa)7rov yevva, KOI OVK ecrTi TO 
Trp&Tov. Compare A 7. 1072 b 30 ( 118). 
25 106 Clemens Alexandrinus stromata n 133 2&lt;7revo-i7nr6s 
T 6 H\aT(ovo&lt;; aSeA^tSoi)? TTJV evoai/jioviav (prjalv e%iv elvai 
Te\eiav ev rot? KaTa fyvaiv eyovo-iv, rj e^iv dyaOwv, 979 ST) 
diravTas jjiev dv6pa)7rovs opefyv e^eiv, aTo^d- 
oe TOVS ayaOovs r/j? ao^X^crta?- elev S dv al 
dpeTal TT)? evSai/jLovlas dTrepyaaTiKaL EevoKpaTr}? re o 

TIJV evSai/jiOviav aTro^Swcrt KTTJCTLV 
Kal TT)? vTTijpeTLK rj^ avTy Bwd/jbeco^. etra co? 
ev w yiveTai (fraiveTai \eywv TTJV tyv^rfv, &&amp;gt;? S u^&gt; wv ra? 
apera?, co? 8 ef wv &&amp;gt;? fjiepwv ra? aXa9 Trpd^eis Kal ra? 
35 (TTrovBaias efet? re Kal Sia0eo-eis Kal Kivrjaeis Kal o-^ecret? 
wcrr ov% ayv [codd. a)? TOVTWV, Zeller &)? S wv\ OVK dvev 
Kal Ta eVro?. o yap EevoKpaTOVS 

evoai/j,oviav avTapKeiav elvai 



20 OTI 



107] THE OLD ACADEMY 73 

dyaOwv TTCLVTWV rj TWV TrXeicrrcov KOI 
yovv %&&amp;gt;/oW /^ev aperfjs /u/^SeTrore av 
iv, St%& Se KOI TWV (TCdfjLaTi/cwv Kal TWV e/cro? 
avrdpfCT] Trpos evbaifjioviav eivai. 

Aristotle ethica Nicomachea H 13. 1153 b 1 d\\a fjurjv 5 
OTL Kal r) \virrj /cafcbv op,o~\oyelTai KOI (frevKTov r) /Jiev yap 
a7rXco9 Ka/cov, r) Se ro5 TTT) e/u-TroStcrTt/c^. rc5 8e (frevKTcS 
rb evavriov y (f)VKTov re real /ca/cov, dyaOov. dvdyKr) ovv 
rrjv rjSovrjv dyaOov TL elvai. &&amp;gt;9 ydp STreucrtTTTro? ekvev, ov 

r) \V(TL&lt;$, toaitrep TO fjiel^ov TO) e\aTTOVi fcal TU&gt; LCTM 10 
ov ydp av fyairi oirep KOLKOV TI eivai TTJV rjSovijv. 

107 Cicero academica posterior a I 17 Platonis autem 
auctoritate, qui uarius et multiplex et copiosus fuit, una et 
consentiens duobus uocabulis philosophiae forma instituta 
est, Academicorum et Peripateticorum, qui rebus congruentes 15 
nominibus differebant. . . . ita facta est, quod minime 
Socrates probabat, ars quaedam philosophiae et rerum ordo 
et descriptio disciplinae. quae quidern erat primo duobus, 
ut dixi, nominibus una ; nihil enim inter Peripateticos et 
illam ueterem Academiam differebat. 

22 communis haec ratio et utrisque hie bonorum finis 
uidebatur, adipisci, quae essent prima natura quaeque ipsa 
per sese expetenda, aut onmia aut maxima: ea sunt autem 
maxima, quae in ipso animo atque in ipsa uirtute uersantur. 
itaque omnis ilia antiqua philosophia sensit in una uirtute *$ 
esse positarn beatarn uitam, nee tamen beatissimam, nisi 
adiungerentur et corporis et cetera, quae supra dicta sunt, 
ad uirtutis usurn idonea. ex hac descriptione agendi quoque 
aliquid in uita et officii ipsius initium reperiebatur, quod 
erat in conseruatione earum rerum quas natura praescriberet. 30 
hinc gignebatur fuga desidiae uoluptatumque contemptio. 

34 Speusippus autem et Xenocrates, qui primi Platonis 
rationem auctoritatemque susceperant, et post eos Polemo 
et Crates unaque Grantor, in Academia congregati, diligenter 
ea quae a superioribus acceperant tuebantur. iam Polemo- 35 
nem audiuerant adsidue Zeno et Arcesilas : sed Zeno, cum 
Arcesilam anteiret aetate ualdeque subtiliter dissereret et 
peracute moueretur, corrigere conatus est disciplinam, 



[108 



VIII AEISTOTLE 

metaphysical 108 metaphy&ica Z 1. 1028 a 10 TO bv \eyerai 

%&lt;x&gt;9 . . . crrj/jLaLveL yap TO jjiev TI ecrTL Kal ToBe TI, TO 
Be OTL TTOLOV r) TTOCTOV 77 TCOV d\\cov eKacrTOV TCOV OVTCO 
KaTwyopovLLevcov. TocravTayco^ Be \eyofjLevov TOV OVTOS 
s (pavepbv OTL TOVTCOV TrpcoTOV bv TO TI CCTTLV, OTrep arnjuaivei 
TTJV ovcrlav. . . . TCL B d\\a \eyeTaL ovTa TCO TOU OVTCOS 
OVTO? TCL fjLev TrocroTrjTas eivai, TO, Se TroioTrjTas, TCI Se 
TrdOrj, TCL Be d\\o TI TOLOVTOV. . . . cbcrTe TO TrpcoTcos bv Kal J 
ov Tt bv d\\ bv a7rAco9 77 ovcria av etrj. 7roAA&lt;x^w9 

10 ovv \eyeTaL TO TrpcoTov o/^w? Be TrdvTco? r) ovcria 

Kal \6yco Kal yvcoaeL Kal %povcp. TCOV /jiev ydp d\\cov KCIT- 
TjyoprjjuLaTcov ovSev ^copLaTOV, avTrj Be /jLovrj. Kal TW \oyco 
Be TOVTO TTpcoTOV dvdyKTj ydp ev TCO eKacTTOV \oyco TOV 
T^? ovaLa? evvTrdp^eLV. Kal elBevaL TOT olb/jieOa eKaaTov 

i 5 jJudkicrTa, oTav TI ecrTiv b dvOpcoTros yvco/jLev r) TO Trvp, 

fJLaX\OV T! TO 7TOLOV Tj TO TTOCTOV i} TO TCOV, 7Tel KOL aVTCOV 
TOVTCOV TOT6 eKaCTTOV IcTfJieV, OTaV TL eCTTL TO TTOCTOV 

r] TO TTOLOV yvco/jLev. Kal Brj Kal TO iraXai Te Kal vvv Kal 
del %7]Tov/jLevov Kal del aTropov/Jievov, TL TO ov, TOVTO ecrTL 
20 Tt? r) ovcria. . . . BoKel B r) ovcria vTrdp^eLv (pavepcoTaTa 
Tot? crco/jLacriv BLO TCI Te %coa Kal TCL (f&gt;VTa Kal Ta 
avTcov ovcria^ eivai (fra/Jiev Kal Ta (frvcrLKa aco/jLaTa, 
olov Trvp Kal vBcop Kal yijv, KOL TCOV TOLOVTCOV eKacrTov Kal 
ocra r) fJibpLa TOVTCOV r) eK TOVTCOV ICTTLV, 77 /Aoplcov 77 Tcdv- 
25 TCOV, olov o T ovpavbs KOL Ta fiopua avTOv, dcrTpa Kal 
cre\rivr) Kal 77X^09. TTOTepov Be avTai /jLOvaL ovcriaL elcrlv 
77 Kal d\\aL r) TOVTCOV TLves Kal d\\cov, 77 TOVTCOV jjiev 
ovBev eTepaL Be TLves, crKeTTTeov. 

109 metapliysica Z 3. 1028 b 33 \eyeTaL B* rj ovcria, 

74 



109] ARISTOTLE : METAPHYSICA Z 75 

el pr) 7r\eovaxcos, aXX ev TeTTapai ye fjid\iaTa /cal yap 
TO TI rjv elvai /cal TO /caOo\ov teal TO yevos ovaia So/cei 
elvai e/cdaTOV, ical TeTapTOV TOVTCOV TO vTro/ceifjuevov* TO 
S v7ro/cei/Jievov eaTi ica6 ov TCL aXXa \eyeTai, e/celvo Se 
avTO fjLT]KeTi KCIT aXXoy. $1,0 TrpcoTov irepl TOVTOV Sto- 5 
piaTeov fJid\iaTa yap So/eel elvai ovaia TO vTroKei/jievov 
TTpMTOv. TOIOVTOV Se TpoTTov /Jbev Tiva r; v\7j \eyeTai, 
a\\ov be Tpoirov 77 fjLop&lt;ptf, TpiTOV be TO etc TOVTCOV. 
\eyco &e TTJV fjiev v\ir}V olov TOP %a\Kov, Trjv Se /nopcfryv 
TO cr^rj/jia TV}? ISeas, TO 8 etc TOVTCOV TOV dv^pidvTa TO 10 
(jvvoKov. W&lt;TT el TO etSo? r?^9 {7X779 nrpOTepov KOI /jid\\ov 
ov, KOI TOV e d^(j)o ii&gt; TrpoTepov eGTai bid TOV avTov \oyov. 
vvv fjbev ovv TVTTCD elpr)Tai TL TTOT eaTlv TJ ovo-ia, OTL TO 
fjur) Kaff vTrofcei/Juevov d\\d /ca9* ov TCL aXka. Set Se fir) 
jjiovov OVTW ov ydp l/cavov. avTO re ydp TOVTO a8r)\ov, 15 
/cal Ti rj V\TI ovaia yiyveTai. el ydp ^77 avTrj ovala, Tt? 
ecrTiv a\\r) Siafyevyei. Trepiaipov^evwv ydp TWV d\\cov ov 
(j^aiveTai ovftev VTro/juevov. Ta pev ydp d\\a TCOV 
irddrf /cal Troirj/AaTa /cal SvvdfAeis, TO Be JJLTIKOS /cal 
/cal jBdOos 7rocroT77T9 Tives a\X ov/c ovtrLai. TO ydp TTOCTOV 2 
OVK ovaia d\\d fiaXkov a&gt; VTrdp^ei TavTa 7rp(i)T&lt;p, e/celvo 

ovaia. d\\d fjur^v dfyaipovfJLevov [Mrj/covs /cal 
/cal {3d9ov&lt;$ ovBev opwfjiev vTro^eiTro/jievov, 7r\rjv el 
TL eaTL TO opi^o/jievov VTTO TOVTCOV. wcrre TTJV v\rjv dvdy/cij 
fyalveaOai fJLovrjv ovaiav OVTCO a/coTrovfjievois. \eyco S v\rjv 25 
7} /ca0 avTr]v /jbiJTe rl yu/^re Troaov /JiijTe aXXo /jiTjSev \eyeTai 
ot9 &piaTai TO ov. eaTi ydp rt /caO^ ov /caTyyopeLTai 
TOVTCOV e/caaTov, co TO elvai eTepov /cal TCOV /caTTjyopicov 
e/cdaTr} Ta /juev ydp d\\a 7-779 ovaias /caTiyyopelTai, avTrj 
Se T7J9 {;X7;9. coaTe TO ea^aTOv icaO* avTO ovTe rt ovTe 30 
Troaov OVT d\\o ovBev eaTiv ovSe Srj al aTrocfrdaew /cal ydp 
avTai vTrdp^ovai /caTa av/m/Be^/co^. etc /JLEV ovv TOVTCOV 
Oecopovau avfjiftaivet, ovaiav elvaL TTJV V\TIV. dovvaTOV 8e- 
/cal ydp TO ^copiaTov KOI TO ToSe TL virdp^eiv Bo/cel fjudkiaTa 
Trj ovaia. Bib TO 6t8o9 /cal TO ef djjufyolv ovaia So^eiev 35 
dv elvai jjid\\ov TT}$ 1^X779. TTJV fjiev TOIVVV e dfjufyolv 
ovaiav, \eyco $e TTJV e/c re T779 {5X779 /cal TTJS fjLopfj)^, 

vaTepa ydp /cal 877X77. &lt;pavepd Se TTCOS /cal 77 



76 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [109 
v\rj. Tcepi oe TTJS rpirrj^ aKeTCTeov avrrj ydp 



110 metaphysica Z 4. 1029bl eVel ev 
OLL\6ae0a TTOO-OLS opL&uev rrjv ovcriav, /cal TOVTWV ev TL 

5 eSoK6L elvai TO ri rjv elvai, 0ea)p7jTeov irepl avTOv. . . . 
ojrep yap ToSe TL earn TO TI rjv elvai oTav aXXo /car aXXou 
\eyrjraif ov/c eaTiv OTrep roSe TL, olov o Xeu/co? 

OVK CCTTIV 07T6p TO&6 Ti, eiTTep TO T06 TL TOLS 

vTrdp^ei fjbovov. wcrre TO TL rjv elval CTTLV OGWV o 

10 CO-TLV opLdfJio^. opio-fJLo^ 8 eo-Tiv OVK eav OVO/JLCL \oyqy 
TavTo (TTj/jLaLvrj TCCLVT^ yap av elev ol \oyoi opoL 
yap ovofjia OTMOVV \6yw [ravTov], wa-re /cal rj IXta? 
eaTaL a\\ eav TrpcoTov TLVOS 17- ToiavTa S evTlv ocra 
\eyeTaL /AT) rw aXXo xaT a\\ov ~\eyecr6ai. OVK ecrrat apa 

15 ovSevl TWV /JLTJ yevovs elSaiv virdp^ov TO TL TJV elvai, d\\a 
TOVTOLS fjiovov TavTa yap Sofcei ov /caTa fjLTo^rjv \eyeo-6ai 
Kal TrdOos, ov& ft)? crv/^/Se^rj/co^ d\\a Xoyo? p,ev e 
eKCLdTov Kal TMV a\\wv TL ariiJLaivei, eav 77 ovofjua, OTL 
rcoSe VTrdp^ei, TJ avT\ \oyov avrXoO aKpifBecrTepos o 

20 8 OVK ecrTaL ov&e TO TL r]V elvai. T) Kal o opLcr/jios 
Kal TO Ti eo-Ti 7r\ova%a)&lt;$ \eyeTai ; . . . aXXa TavTa 
OTTOTepcos rt9 e6e\ei\eyeLV Siafyepei ov^ev eKelvo &e (fravepov 
OTL o 7r/3ft)T&lt;w9 /cal avrXw? opLo-jjio^ Kal TO TL rjv elvai TMV 
ovo-i&v eaTLV. . . . e7rL(7Tr)/ji7] yap eKaaTOV eVrb OTav TO 

25 TL r)V eKeLVw elvai yvwjjiev. 

111 metapliysica Z 7. 1032 a 12 TWV Se yLyvoaevcov Ta 
fjiev (f&gt;v(T6L ylyveTai, TCL Se re^vrj, Ta S CLTTO 

TcavTa oe Ta yiyvo/jueva VTTO re TLVOS ylyveTai Kal etc 
Kai Ti TO $e TL \eya) Ka9* eKdo~T7]v KaTrjyopiav rj ydp 
30 ro8e r) TTOQ-QV i} TTOLOV T) 7TOV. al Se yeveaeis al pev 
(frvcTLKaL avTai elcnv &lt;MV TI yevecns CK (^ucreaj? eo~TLv TO 
S e f oi; yiyveTai, rjv \eyoaev v\rjv TO 8 (/&gt; ov, TWV 

(f)VCT6L TL OVTCOV TO 8e TL, dvOpO)7TO^ T) &lt;f)VTOV T) aXXo TL 

TWV TOLOVTWV, a 8^ ud\LO~Ta \eyofjL6v ovorLa^ elvai, 
35 aTcavTa Be TCL yLyvoueva rj (frvcreL TJ Te^yrj ^X ei V\TJV 
ovvaTov yap Kal elvai Kal JJLTJ elvai eKao~TOv avTwv, TOVTO 
o eo~Tlv r) eKacrTQ) vXfj. Ka6o\ov Se Kal e ov (f)vo~L&lt;; 
Kai Ka6 o (f)vcrL$ TO ydp yiyvofjievov %L (pvcrLV, olov 



112] ARISTOTLE : METAPHYSICA Z 77 

(f)VTov rj q)ov /cal vfi ov, 77 Kara TO eZSo? \eyojjievrj 
(pvo-is T] o/moeio ijs avTrj 8 ev aXXto- dv 9 p COTTON yap dvOpw- 
TTOV yevva. OVTCO JJLGV ovv yiyveTai ra yiyvojLieva Sid TTJV 
fyvaiv, al & d\\ai yeveaeis \eyovTai iroirjaeis. Trdcrai 8 
elalv al Troirfcreis rj UTTO re^vrj^ rj 0,77-0 Swajjiews r) CLTTO 5 
Siavoias. rovrcov 8e rives yiyvovrai, /cat ajro 
/cal CLTTO TV ^r]^ TrapaTrXriaritos cocrTrep ev rot? CLTTO 
yiyvofAevow evia yap tca/cel ravra /cat e/c 
yiyverai /cal avev aTrep/naro^. irepl fjiev ovv TOVTCDV 

VQ-repOV 67Tt(7K7rT60V, ttTTO T6^V7J^ $6 Ji&lt;yVTaL OCTCOV TO 10 

elSo? ev TTJ ^rv^fj. eZSo? Se \eyo) TO TI rjv elvai e/caaTov 
/cal Trjv 7rpa)T7jv ovcriav. /cal yap TWV evavTiwv Tpoirov 

fcSo? T7?9 y^P &lt;TTprj&lt;Ta)S OVCTLa T} OVCTld 7) 

evr), olov vyieia voaov e/ceivrjs yap aTrovaia 
Srj\ovTai, TI voaos 77 S vyieia 6 ev Trj ^v^fj ~\,oyos /cal T S 
ev Trj eTTKTTtf/jir). yiyveTai Srj TO vyies vorfaavTOs OVTW 
eTreibr) TO&I vyieia, dvdy/cr], el vyies eaTai, roSl VTrdp^ai, 
olov ofAaXoTijTa, efr Se TOVTO, OepfjiOT^Ta /cal OVTCOS del 
voel, 60)? av dydyy ei$ TOVTO o auro? SvvaTat, ecr^aTOV 
Troielv. elra ijSrj 77 avro TOVTOV KIVTJCTIS Tro njaris Ka\elTai, 20 
TJ etrl TO vyiaiveiv. w&lt;TTe avfJiftaivei Tpoirov Tiva ef 
vyieia? TTJV vyieiav yiyvecrOai /cal TTJV ol/ciav ef ol/clas, 
TT)? avev uX^? TTJV e^ovaav v\7]v 77 yap laTpi/ctf eaTi 
/cal TI oiicoSojMffr) TO elSo? TT)? vyieias /cal TT}? ol/cias 
\eyco S ovcriav avev v\ris TO TI TJV elvai. 25 

112 metapliysica Z 8. 1033 a 24 eirel Se VTTO TIVOS re 
yiyveTai TO yiyvofjievov (TOVTO Be \eyco oOev 77 dp%rj TT}? 
yevea-ews ecrTi) /cal etc TIVOS (ecrrft) &e {Jirj 77 o-Tepijo-is TOVTO 
dXX, 77 v\7]- 77877 yap SiwpicrTai ov TpoTrov TOVTO \eyop,ev) 
/cal rl yiyveTai (TOVTO 8 eaTlv 77 crfyalpa 77 KVK\O&lt;$ 77 o 3 
TI eTV^e TWV aXkwv), wcrTrep ovSe TO vTro/cei/jievov iroiei 
TOV %a\/c6v, OVTGOS ovSe Trjv o-(f)aipav, el /AT) /caTa o-vjju- 
(3e(37)/c6s, OTI 77 xa\/cr) o-(j)aipa afyalpd eaTiv, e/ceivyv Be 
Troiei. TO yap ToBe TI Troieiv e/c TOV oXw? V7ro/cei^ievov 
Tooe TI Troieiv eaTiv. \eya) S OTI TOV / ya\/cov crTpoyyv- 35 
\ov Troieiv ecTTiv ov TO (TTpoyyv\ov rj TTJV cr&aipav Troieiv, 
ttXX eTepov TI, olov TO eZSo9 TOVTO ev aXXw. el yap 
Troiei, e/c TIVOS av Troioirj d\\ov TOVTO yap vTre/ceiTo. 



78 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [l!2 

olov nroLel %a\/cf)v crfyalpav TOVTO 8e OVTCOS on e/c rou8t, 
o ecrTL ^a\Kos, ro8t TTOLel, 6 (TTL cr&lt;palpa. el ovv /cal 
TOVTO Troiel avTo, &gt;r)\ov OTL aiaavTcos TroLijo-eL, /cal /3a- 
o^LOVVTaL al yeveaeis els aTreipov. (pavepov apa OTL ov&e 
TO eZ8o9, rj OTiSrjTTOTe %pr] tcdXelv TTJV ev rco alaOrfTw 
jjiopfyrjv, ov ylyveTaL, ov$ eaTiv avTOV yeveais, ovSe TO 
TL rjv elvai" TOVTO yap eaTiv o ev aXA&&amp;gt; ryi&lt;yveTai TJ VTTO 
re^^9 TI VTTO (j)vaeco^ TJ Swd/jietos. TO oe 
elvau Trotet. Troiel &lt;yap e/c %a\Kov KOI a 
jap TO etSo? rroiel, /cal eaTi TOVTO a(f&gt;alpa ^a\/cij. TOV 
Se afyalpav elvai oXco? el e&lt;TTi yevecris, e/c TWOS TL ecrrcu. 
&lt;yap SiaipeTov elvai ael TO jLyvo/jLevov, /cal elvai TO 
TO$ TO Se roSe, \ejco 8 OTL TO pei; v\r)i&gt; TO 8 et8o?. 
el STJ e(TTi afyalpa TO e/c TOV [Jiecrov a^fi^a laov, TOVTOV 

is TO /jiev ev o&gt; eaTai o Troiel, TO 8 ev e/ceivw, T^O 8 airav 
TO 76701/09, oloz^ f) ^a\/crj o-$&gt;alpa. (pavepov Sr) e/c TWV 
elp7]fjueva)v OTL TO fJLev W9 eloos rj ovaia \ejofjievov ov 
yiyveTaL, rj 8e orvvo\os 77 icaTa TavTijv \e^o^evri jijveTaL, 
/cal OTL ev iravTi TW &lt;yLyvo/j,ev(t) v\rj eveo~TL, /cal CCTTL TO 

2 o fJtev ToSe TO Se roSe. TroTepov ovv ecrTL TLS afyalpa rrapa 
I ol/cia irapa Tas TT\ivOovs ; r) ovo 1 av Trore 
, el OVTCDS rjv, ToSe TL ; a\\a TO TOLOvSe cny/jLaLveL, 
T0$e Se ical GbpLcr/Jievov OVK eo~Tiv, a\\a TTOLCL /cal yevva 
etc Tovfte TOLOvbe real OTav &lt;yevv7]0f), eo~Ti To8e TOLOvSe. 

25 TO 8 ciTcav ro8e KaXXia? 77 ^ay/cpdT rjs eaTlv wcnrep rj 
atyalpa rj %a\/cr) ^St, o 8 dvOpcoTros /cal TO %&lt;ov waTrep 
(T(f)aLpa %a\/crj 0X0)9. (feavepov apa OTL rj TWV elbwv alria s 
ft&gt;9 ela)0aaL TLves \eyeLV TO, el^r], el eaTLV aTTa Trapa Ta 
KCL& e/caaTa, 77/509 re r9 yeveaeLS teal ra9 ovaias ov&ev 




3 i( * V 6 ravra 

7rl fjuev Btf TLVGDV teal (feavepov OTL TO yevvwv TOLOVTOV 
olov TO yevvaiuevov, ov jjbevToi TO avTo ye ou8 ev ro&gt; 
apL0/jLa&gt; a\\a rc5 etSet, olov ev Tols fyvcriKols avOpwiros 
yap av0pa)7rov yevva, eav ^ TL Trapa (frvaLV yevrjTaL, olov 

35 WTTTO? rjfjLLOVOV. teal TavTa 8 o/jLoiw o yap av KOLVOV eir\ 
e&lt;fi tTTTTOU teal ovov ov/c wvofjiaaTaL TO eyyvTaTa yevos, 
ecrj 8 av dfKpa) laws olov rj^LLOvos. wcrre (fravepov OTL 
ov$ev 8et ft&gt;9 TrapdSeLyfjia 6^809 /caTacr/cevd^eLv 



113] ARISTOTLE : METAPHYS1GA Z 79 

yap dv ev TOVTOLS eire^TovvTO ovcriai yap ^d\icrTa aviai) 
aXXa l/cavov TO yevvcov Troifjcrai /cal TOV et8ou9 airiov 
elvai ev rfj v\r). TO 8 ctTcav 7/877 TO TOiovSe eZ8o9 ev 
TalcrSe rat? crap^l /cal ocrrofc KaXXta9 KOI ^co/cpaT^ teal 
eTepov fjiev Sia TTJV V\TJV, eTepa yap, TavTo 8e TCO eiSei,* s 
ciTO/jiov yap TO eZ8o9. . . . aXX iSiov Trjs ovcriav e/e TOU- 
rwv \aftelv ecrTiv OIL avdy/cr) TrpovTrdp^eiv eTepav ovaiav 
evTe\e^eLa ovcrav rj Troiei, olov %(*&gt;ov, el yiyveTai ^u&gt;ov 
TTOLOV 8 17 TToaov ov/c dvdyKT] d\)C 77 Swd/jiei JJLOVOV. 

113 metaphysica Z 13. 1038b 1 eVet Be Tcepl TT]? 10 
ovaias 77 o-Keijns ICTTI, irakiv eiraveX^OcDfjiev. \eyeTai 8 
(0(77T6p TO vTcoKeifJievov ovcria elvai /cal TO TL TJV elvai Kal 
TO etc TOVTC0V) Kal TO /ca0o\ov. Tcepl jjuev ovv TOLV Svoiv 
eipir]Tai Kal yap Trepl TOV TL rjv elvai, /cal TOV VTroKeifJuevov, 
OTi 8t^w9 vTTOKeiTai, 77 To8e Ti ov, wo-Trep TO ^wov TO?? is 
TrdOecnv, rj co? 77 #X77 TTJ evTeke^eia. So/eel 8e /cal TO 
rcaOoXov aiTiov TKTIV elvai fjbd\i(TTa, Kal elvai dp%r) TO 
fca06\ov 8ib eTreXOcouev /cal Trepl TOVTOV. eoiKe yap dBv- 
vaTOv elvai, ovcriav elvai OTLOVV TWV KaOoXov \eyojjiev(DV. 

fjiev yap ovcria 77 i8to9 e/cdaTov r) ov% vTrdp^ei 20 

fo, TO 8e /ca9o\ov KOLVOV TOVTO yap \eyeTai KaOoXov 
o Tc\eioaiv vTrdp^eiv Tre^v/cev. TLVOS ovv ovcria TOUT 
earrai ; 77 yap djrdvTcov 77 OL8e^o9. ciTrdvTcov 8 ovy olov 
T6- 6^09 8 el ecrTai, Kal TaXka TOVT effrai cov yap jjiia 
77 ovcria /cal TO Ti rjv elvai, ev, /cal avTa ev. eTi ovcria 25 
\eyeTai TO p,r) Ka0 VTro/cei/uevov, TO 8e /ca06\ov /ca& 
TWOS \eyeTai dei. aXX apa OVTCO fjiev ov/c 
&&amp;gt;9 TO Ti rjv elvai, ev TOVTW 8e evvTrdp^eiv, olov 
TO %coov ev TCO dvOpcoTrco Kal ILTTTTCO ; ov/covv Sij\ov OTi 
e&lt;JTi Tt9 avTov \6yos. Biacfrepei, 8 ov$ev 01)8 el /U-T) TTUVTCOV 3 
\oyos ecrTi TCOV ev TTJ ovcria ovSev yap TJTTOV ovcria TOVT* 
ecrTai TLVOS, 009 o avOpwjros TOV dvOpcoTrov ev co VTrdpyei. 
cocrTe TO avTo crv/ji/3r)creTai, TcaXiv ecrTai yap ovcria e/celvov 
ovcria, olov TO ^coov, ev co [e^Set] 009 iBiov vTrdpyei. eTi 
8e /cai dovvaTov /cal CITOTTOV TO To8e /cal ovcriav, el GCTTLV 35 
etc Tivwv, yJri e f ovcncov elvai ^778 etc TOV To8e TI, aXX 
e/c TTOiov TrpoTepov yap ecrTai fjirj ovcria Te /cal TO TTOIOV 
overlap Te Kal TOV To8e. oirep dSvvaTOv ovTe \6yco yap 



80 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [113 

ovre ypovw ovre yevecrei, olov re rd TrdOrj TTJS oucria? 
elvai rrpbrepa- earai yap ^wpiard. en ru&gt; ^WKpdreu ovcria 
evvrrdp^ei ovo-ia, ware Bvolv eo-rai ovcria. 6 X&&amp;gt;? Be o-vuftaivei,, 
el eo-nv ovcria 6 dvOpwrros real oo~a ovrw \eyerai, /jLij&ev rwv 
ev TO) \by(o elvai ///r/Sez/o? overlay, fjbrjoe %a&gt;/H? vrrdp^eiv 
avrwv ^o^ ev aXXeo, Xeya&gt; S olov OVK elvai TL ^wov irapa 
rd rivd, ouS aXXo rwv ev rot? Ao&lt;yot? ovo ev. etc re $r) 
TOVTCOV Oewpovcn (fravepov ort, ov$ev TWV fca0o\ov vnrap- 
%6vTO)V ovcria ecrri, Kal on ovoev ar)/jiaivei, rwv Koivfj 
Kar^yopov/jLevcov roBe n, d\\d roiovBe. et oe ^JLTJ, aXXa 
re 7ToX\d (rvjjbftaivei Kal 6 rplros avOpwiros. en $e /cal 
wSe 8fi\ov. dSvvarov yap ovaiav ef OVCTLMV elvai evvTrap- 
a)? evTe\e%ia- rd yap Svo ovrcos eVreXe^eta 
ev evre Xe^eia, aXX edv ^vvd^ei &vo fj, eami ev, 
I5 olov TI SiTrXacria IK &vo rj^iaecov Svvd^ei ye- r) yap 
evreKe^eia ^copi^ei. axrre el f] ovo-ia ev, OVK eo~rai e f 



114 metapJiysica Z 16. 1040 b 5 fyavepov 8 on Kal 
TWV &OKOVCTWV elvat ovcriwv al 7T\elo"rai ovvajjueis ei,o~i, ra 

20 re /jiopia rwv ^cowv (ovBev yap Ke^wpLcraevov avT&v eo-nv 
orav Be ^wpiadf), Kal Tore ovra &&amp;gt;9 v\rf Trdvra), Kal yij 
Kal 7rvp Kal dr)p ovSev yap avrwv ev ecrnv, aXX olov o 
oppos [v.l. 6 crw^o?] nrplv T) 7re(f)6fj Kal yevijral n e avTwv 
ev. (JidXicna S dv ns rd TWV eatyv%a)V V7ro\dftoi /Jiopia 

25 Kal rd Ti)? tyvxf)S nrdpeyyvs dfjL(f)Ct) yiyveaOai ovra Kal 
evre\e-^ela Kal Swduei, ru&gt; a/o^a? e^eiv Kivrjcrews drro nvos 
ev rais Ka^rral^ Bib evia fcoa Siaipovueva %y. aX 
Svvduet, rcdvr eo~rai, orav rj ev Kal o~vve^e^ (pvcrei,, a 
pr) ftiq TI Kal o-vfji^vaei- rb yap roiovrov rrripwcn^. 
metaphysica \ 115 metaphysica A 3. 1070a9 ovaiai Be r/oet? 77 uev 
v\r) ro oe n ovcra raj ^aivecrOai (oaa yap eariv dcfrfj 
Kal a}) crv^vo-ei, V\TJ Kal vTroKeiuevov) rj Se (frvcrLs Kal 
roSe n, ei? TJV, Kal eft? w en rplrri rj IK rovrwv rj 
KaO eKaara, olov ^coKpdrrjS rj KaXXt a?. errl fjuev ovv 

35 nvwv rb rb$e n OVK ecm rrapd rrjv avvOer^v ovcriav, 
olov oiicias rb elSo?, el ur) rj re^vr) (ovo* ecrri yevecris Kal 
(f&gt;0opd rovrcov, aXX d\\ov rporrov elcrl Kal OVK elcrlv oiKia 
re 7) dvev i/X?;? Kal vyieia Kal rrdv rb Kara re^VTjv ), aXX 



116] ARISTOTLE : MET A PHYSIC A Z, A 81 

eiTrep, eTrl TMV (frvcrei. Sib Srj ov tcatcws 6 H\dro)v e&lt;f&gt;7j 
OTI eiorj eo~Tlv OTrocra (frvo-ei, eiTrep ecrTiv ei&ij, d\\d 7 
ov TMV olov Trvp, crdpj;, Ke(j)a\tj ajravTa yap V\T] eari, 
Kal T7}9 fJidKiCTT overlap 77 TeXevTaia. ra fjuev ovv KIVOVVTCL 
aiTia w? TrpoyeyevTjjjieva ovTa, ra & GO? o \6yo&lt;$ apa. ore 5 
yap vyialvei 6 avOpwnros, rore /cal rj vyieid eariv, KOI rb 
a XfiiJia r^9 %a\Krj&lt;; (7(f&gt;alpas a /ma /cal 77 ^a"\fcrj o-tyaipa. 
el 8e Kal varepbv TL vTrofjbevei, (TKeTrreov. eV eviwv yap 
ovSev Kw\vei, olov el 77 tyv%fj TOLOVTOV, /AT) iracra aXX o 
vovs iracrav yap dovvarov I&lt;TCO&lt;;. (pavepbv $r) on ovSev 10 
Sel Sid ye Tavr elvai ra? ISeas. avOpwjros yap 
yevva, 6 /caO eKaarov rov Tivd* o/xotco? Se Kal eVt 
Te^vwv TI yap larpiKrj re^vrj 6 \6yos TTJS vyielas 
. . . wGTrep di&gt;0p(t)7rov airiov rd re crrotyeta, Trvp Kal yrj &&amp;gt;9 
v\ij, Kal TO iSiov etSo9, Kal ei TL a\\o e^co, olov 6 TraTrjp, 15 
Kal Trapd TavTa 6 77X^09 Kal 6 Xo^o? KVK\OS, ovTe v\r} 
ovTa OVT eZSo9 ovTe o-Tepija-is ovTe o/jboei&es, d\\a KIVQVVTCL. 
116 metaphysica A 6. 1071 b3 eVet 3 rja-av Tpels ovo-iai,, 
ovo fjiev ai &lt;&gt;V(TiK,ai, fjaa $ 77 aKivrjTO^, jrepl TavTys 
\eKTeov, OTI dvdyKT) elval Tiva diSiov ovaiav aKivijTov. 20 
ai Te yap ovcnai TrpwTai TWV OVTOJV, Kal el Tracrai 
(fruapTai, TrdvTa &lt;p0apTd. d\)C dSvvaTov Kivrjaiv 77 
yevecrOai 77 cf&gt;9aprjvai del yap rjv. ovoe %p6vov ov yap 
OLOV Te TO TrpoTepov KOL vcTTepov elvai fjurj OVTOS ypovov. 
K,ai 77 Kivrjcris apa OVTW crvve^r}^ aicnrep Kal o %povo&lt;$ 77 25 
yap TO avTO 77 Kivrjo-eci)? TI 7rd0os. KiV7]ais S OVK ecrrt 
aX\ 77 77 KaTa TOTTOV, Kal TavTr]^ 77 KVK\W. 
el ecrTai KIVTJTIKOV 77 TTOL^TLKOV, ^ evepyovv Se 
TL, OVK edTai Kivrjai^ evoe^eTai yap TO Siiva/niv e%ov fjirj 
evepyeiv. ovoev apa o(f)e\o$ ov& eav overlap Troirjawfjiev 3 
diStov?, wo-Trep 01 TO, ei$r), el JAY] rt9 Swafievrj evecrTai 
upXh peTa/3d\\ew ov TOLVVV ov& avTTj iKavrj, ov& aXXT; 
ovo-ia Trapd Ta etS^ el yap ^77 evepyrjo-ei, OVK ecrrat 
Kiv7)(7i&lt;;. eTi ovo eu evepyij&ei, 77 S ovala avTrjs ^vva/jiw 
ov yap ecrTai Kiwr}&lt;Tis diSw evSe^eTai yap TO Svvdpei, ov 35 
/AT) elvai. Sei apa elvai dp^rjv ToiavTTjv 7^9 77 ovo-ia 
evepyeia. ert TOLVVV TavTas Sel ra9 overlap elvai dvev 
aiSiovs yap Set, ei Trep ye Kal aXXo TI diSiov. 

G 



82 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [116 

evepyela apa, . . . Mar OVK r^v ciireipov ^povov %o? ij 
vvj;, d\\a ravra del r) rrepioBa) TJ aXX&)9, eiTcep TrpoTepov 
evepyeia Bvvd/jbecos. el Brj TO avro del [rre pioBrp], Bel TI 
del fieveiv coaavTcos evepyovv. el Be //,eXXet yevecris KCII 
5 cbOopa elvai, aXXo Bel elvai del evepyovv aXXo)9 Kai aXX&)9 
dvdy/cr) apa coBl uev K,a& avro evepyelv, coSl Se rear aXXo 
YITOI apa /caO* erepov TJ Kara TO TrpwTov. dvayKT] orj /caTa 
TOVTO" 7rd\iv yap eicelvo avTco re aiTiov /cd/ceivw. OVKOVV 
(Bi\Tiov TO TrpwTOV. KOI yap aiTiov $)V etcelvo TOV aet, 
10 cocrauro)?. TOV $ aXXw? eTepov, TOV 8 del aXXo&gt;9 au^a) 
Srj\ovoTi. OVKOVV ourft)? Kal eyovaiv at KivtfcreLS. TI ovv 
aXXa? Bel ^rjTelv dp%ds ; 

117 metaphysica A 7. 1072 a 19 eVel 8 OVTCOS T eVSe- 
^erat, Kal el urj OVTGOS, etc VVKTOS eaTai Kal ouov TrdvTWV 
15 Kal eK fjur] 6Vro9, \VOLT av TavTa, Kal ecrTi TI del KLVOV- 
aTravo~TOi&gt;, avTTj 8 rj KVK\ro Kai TOVTO ov 
aXX py(o $rj\ov* WCTT atSto9 civ elrf o 
7rpa)T09 ovpavbs. e&Ti TOLVVV TL Kal o Kivel. eirei oe TO 
KLVOvaevov Kal KLVOVV Kal IJLTJ, ov [codd. Kal aeaov] TOLVVV 
20 e&lt;7Tt TL o ov KLVOvaevov Kivel, diSiov Kal ovcria Kai evepyeia 
ovcra. Kivel oe co8e TO opeKTOv Kal TO VOTJTOV Kivel ov KLVOV- 
aeva. TOVTCOV TCL rrpwTa TCL avTa. eTTiOvfJii^TOV fiev yap TO 
(haivoaevov Ka\bv, fiov\r)Tov Be TrpwTOV TO bv KO\OV. 
opeyoueOa Be BLOTL BoKel /maX\.ov rj BoKel BLOTL opeyoueOa 
25 dpyrj yap rj vorjCTis. vovs Be VTTO TOV VOTJTOV KivelTai, 
vorfTrj Be TI eTepa (Tvo-Tot^la Ka9^ eavTrjv Kai rauT^9 ^ 
ovcria rrpcoT^, Kal TavTrjs rj aTrX?) Kal /car evepyeiav. 
(ecrTi Be TO ev Kal TO aTr\ovv ov TO avTO TO ftev yap ev 
fjbeTpov (TTjuaivei, TO B* drr\ovv 7ra&gt;9 e%ov aura) aXXa firjv 
30 Kal TO KO\OV Kal TO BS avTO alpeTov ev Trj avTrj 
(Tvo-Toi^ia Kal ecrTiv cipicrTOV del rj dvd\oyov TO TTpcoTov. 
(OTI B eo-Ti TO ov eveKa ev rot9 aKivrjTois, rj Biaipecris 
BT)\OL. eaTL yap Tivl TO ov eveKa Kal TIVOS, cbv TO ^ev 
eo-Ti TO B OVK eo-Ti.) Kivel Be &&amp;gt;9 epcouevov, Kivovuevco Be 
35 Ta\\a Kivel. el uev ovv TL KivelTai, evBe^eTai Kal aXX&)9 
e^eiv. WCTT el rj cpopa rj rrpcoTT) [Kal] evepyeia eaTiv, rj 
KiveiTai, TavTrj 7 evBe^eTai aXX&)9 e^eiv KaTa TOTTOV, Kai 
el urj KaT ovcriav. eTrel B* ecrTi TI KIVOVV avTO aKivrjTOV 



118] ARISTOTLE : METAPHYSICA A 83 



ov, evepyeia ov, TOVTO OVK evBe^eTai aXXco? e^etv ov 
(fropd yap r) TrpMTr) TWV jj,eTa{3o\a)v, ravrrjs Be rf KVK\W- 
TavTirjv $e TOVTO Kivel. ef dvdyKTjs dpa GO-TIV ov /cal fj 
dvdyKrj, /eaXw?, /cal oi/ro)? dp^rj. ( To J^p dvayKaiov 
TOo-avTa%ws, TO /juev flia OTI Trapd TTJV opprfv, TO Be ov 5 
ov/c dvev TO ev, TO Be pr) ev^e^o/jievov dXXws aXX avrXa)?.) 
118 metapTiysica A 7. 1072 b 14 etc ToiavTijs apa a/ 

6 ovpavbs /cal r) (f)vo-{,&lt;$. Siaywyr] S eVrtz/ o ia 



20 



xpovov f]/MV. OVTCOS yap del etcelvo 

ev yap dovvaTov}, eTrel /cal rj&ovr) r) evepyeia TOVTOV / /cal 10 
Bid TOVTO eyprjyopa-is aicrO^cr^ vorjcris TJSio-Tov, e\7riBe\ 8e 
/cal fAvrjjuuai, Sid TavTa.J rj Be vorfcris rj ica0 eavTrjV TOV 
/caO" eavTO dpiaTov, /cai 77 yLtaXtcrra TOV yLtaXicrra. eavTov 
Be voel o vovs /caTa yLteraX^^z/ TOV VOTJTOV VOTJTOS yap 
yiyveTai Oiyydvwv /cal vowv, coo-re TavTov vovs /cal VOTJTOV. 15 
TO yap Be/CTiKov TOV VOTJTOV /cal r^5 overlap vovs. evepyel 
Be e%a)v. coo-r etcelvo /JLO\\OV TOVTOV o Bo/cel 6 1/01)5 Oelov 
e^eisV, /cal rj dewpia TO TJ&IO-TOV /cal apicrTov. el ovv OI/TCO? 
ev e%ei, co? rj^eis TroTe, 6 Oeos dei, Oav^acrToV el Be 
pd\\ov, eTi OavpaaitoTepov. e%ei, Be &Be. teal far) Be y 
vTrdp^ei TI yap vov evepyeia fatf, eicelvos Be rj evepyeia 
evepyeia Be rj tcaff avTrjv e/ceivov farj dplo~Tr) /cal diBio?. 
(f)a/j,ev Be TOV 6eov eivai (*)ov diBiov dpio~Tov, cocrre far) 
K,ai ai(*)v (Twe^Tis /cal dlBios VTrdp^ei, rcS Oeq&gt; TOVTO yap 
o 6eos. oaoL Be VTro\a^/3dpovo Lv ) wo~7rep ol TLvOayopeioi, 
/cal ZTreuo-tTTTro?, TO tcd\\io-TOv /cal apicrTov pr) ev d 
elvai, Bid TO /cal TWV (pvTwv /cal TCOV a&gt;(0v Ta? 
aiTia /j,ev eivai, TO Be /ca\ov /cal Te\eiov ev Tot5 e/c TOVTCOV, 
ov/c 6p0ws oiovTai. TO yap o-Trep/jia et; eTepcov eaTl 
irpOTepwv Te\eiO)v, Kal TO irpwTOv ov airep^a eo-Tiv, aXXa 30 
TO T\eiov olov TrpOTepov dvOpWTrov dv (fralrj rt? elvai TOV 
(77repfj,aTos, ov TOV eV TO^TOU yevofjbevov, aXX eTepov ef 
ov TO cnrepfjia. oil fjuev ovv eaTiv ovaia Tt? diSios Kal 
aKivrjTos Kal Ke^wpLo-fjuevrj TWV alaOrjTcov, (f)avepov IK TWV 
elpr)fj.evc0v. BeBeiKTai Be Kal OTL peyeOos ovSev e^eiv 35 
evBe^eTai TavTrjv Trjv ovaiav, aXX dfjLeprjs Kal dBiaipeTos 
eo-Tiv. KLvel ydp TOV djreipov %povov, ovBev 8 e^et 
BvvajLuv direipov TreTrepaa/Aevov. eTrel Be Trav fjiiyedos r) 



84 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [118 



OVK 



aTreipov r) TreTrepao-jJievov, TreTrepacr^evov pev Bid TOVTO 
dv eyoi /jueyeQos, aireipov e&gt; on oXw? OVK eaTiv ovBev 
aTreipov /jieyeOos. d\\d yJr]v Kal OTL aTrades /cai dva\- 
\oicoTOV Trdcrai yap al a\\ai KLvrjaeL? varepai TT}? Kara 

5 TOTTOV. ravra fjuev ovv Brj\a BLOTL TOVTOV e^et rov rpoirov. 

119 mctaphysica A 8. 1073 a 14 Trorepov $e fjiiav Oereov 

rrjv TOidVTrjv ovaiav rj TrXe/ou?, Kal Troaas, Bel fJirj \av- 

Qaveiv, a\\a ^ejJLvrjddai KOI ra? rwv a\\wv aTro 

OTL Trepi 7T\r)6ovs ovBev elp^Kacnp, o TI Kal &lt;ra(f)e$ 

10 TI ^ev yap nepl ras t Sea? V7ro\7j^\ri^ ovBeplav e%et 
loiav apiO^ov^ yap \eyovai ra&lt;? t 8ea? ol Xe^oz/re 
Trepi Be TWV api6^o)V ore fjiev &&amp;gt;9 Trepi aTreipwv \eyovcriv, 
ore 8 cb? ^XP 1 T ^ ? SeKaoos wpLcr/jievMv 81 rjv 8 alriav 
TOCTOVTOV TO Tr\fj0os TOW apiOfJi&v, ov$ev \eyeTai ^lera 

15 &lt;77TOuS?5? aTrOeiKTlKf)$. rj/JiLl&gt; S* K TO)V VTTOKeifJieVWV Kal 

Siaypio-jjiei cdV \eKreov. rj fiev yap ap^rj Kal TO TTpwTOV 

TWV OVTWV aKLVTJTOV Kal KCiff aVTO Kal KaTCL 0-fyLty8e/3^:09, 

KIVOVV Be rrjv TrpMT rjv dioiov Kal ,/jLiav Kivr)(Tiv. eTrel Be 
TO Kivov/JLevov dvdyKri VTTO TWOS Kivelo~6ai, Kal TO 
20 KIVOVV aKivrjTov elvai KaO avTO, Kal TYJV atSiov 

VTTO dioiov KivelcrOai Kal T^V p,iav v(j) evos, opw/jiev Be 
irapd TTjV TOV TravTos rrjv dirXriv (fropdv, $jv Kivelv (^a^ev 
TpMTrjv ovaiav Kal a/civijTOV, aXXa? 0opa? ov&lt;ras ra? 
TT\avrjTcov diBiovs (diBiov yap Kal aaTaTOV TO KVK\U&gt; 
25 arwfjia BeBei,KTaL 8 ev rot? $vo-iKol&lt;$ Trepi TOVTOOV), dvdyKrj 
Kal TOVTWV eKao Trji TWV (fropwv VTT aKLvrjTov re Kivelo~6ai 
Ka9 avTrjv Kal diBiov ovtrias. %) re yap TMV aaTpwv 
fyvais aiSios ova-La rt? ovaa, Kal TO KIVOVV diBtov Kal 
TrpoTepov TOV Kivov^evov, Kal TO TrpoTepov ovatas ovcriav 
3 o dvayKalov elvat,. fyavepov roivvv OTL rocravras T ovcna^ 
dvayKalov elvat Tr\v re &lt;j)va m iv di$iov&lt;$ Kal aKivrjTovs Ka6 
Kal avev p,eye6ov&lt;$, Bid rvjv elprnjievr]v alriav 

OTL jjiev ovv elo~iv ovcriat,, Kal TOVTCDV rls 
Kal BevTepa KaTa Trjv avrrjv Ta^iv rat? fyopals TWV 
35 acrTpwv, fyavepov. TO Be TrX^^o? tfBr) TWV (fropcov eK TT)? 
oiKeiOTaTr)? $&gt;i\oo-o($)Lq TWV fjiaOrj/jLaTiKwv eTrio-TrnjiMV Bel 
CTKOTrelv, K TT}? dcrTpo\oyia$ avTTj ydp Trepi ovcnas 
diBiov Be iroielTai TTJV OecopLav, al 8 



120] ARISTOTLE : METAPHYSICA A 85 



Trepi ovoefjbias ovcrias, OLOV rj re Trepi TOVS apiujjbovs Kai 
TT/V yeM/meTpiav. OTI /Jiev ovv Tr\eiov$ TMV (^epo^uevMV al 
(fropai, (f)avepov TOIS Kai jjueTpiMS rujL/juevow irXeiovs yap 
eKa&TOV (f)epeTai /Aids TMV TrXavMfjuevMV a&lt;jTpwv. Trocrat 
B* avTai Tvy^dvovaiv ovcrai, vvv JJLGV rjfiei^ a \eyovo~i TMV 5 
fjbaOrnjiaTiKMV Tives evvoias %dpiv \eyojjiev, OTTMS rj TI Trj 
Siavoia Tr\r)0o$ MpLcr^evov vTro\aftelv TO ce \OLTTOV TO, 
avTov? Sel, Ta Se TrvvOavofJievovs Trapd TMV 
edv TL fyaivriTai Trapd Ta vvv elprj/jueva rot9 
TavTa Trpay/AaTevo/jievois, fyi\elv fjuev d/jL(j)OTpovs, Trei6eo~9ai 10 
Se ro?9 aKpi/Beo-Tepois. . . . el 8e Trj ae~Kr)vr) re KOI rc5 
r;Xt&) {AT] Trpoo-TiOeiir] rt9 a9 eiiro/jiev Kivtfaeis, al Trdcrai 
a(j)alpai eaovTai eTTTa re Kal TeTTapaKovTa. TO fiev ovv 

7r\rj00S TMV CT(f)aipMV eCTTM TOdOVTOV) M(TT Kal T9 OVCTiaS 

Kal Ta9 dpyfas r^9 cLKiVY)TQVs leal Ta9 dldQriTa^ ToaavTas 15 
evkoyov vTro\af3elv TO ydp dvayKaiov d^eiaOM 



1074 a 31 OTI Be et9 ovpavos, (pavepov. el ydp 
ovpavol MCTTrep dvOpMTroi, eVrat etSet fiia 77 Trepl eKacrTov 
dp^r), dpiO^M Be ye Tro\\ai. aXX ocra dpiOfJiM TroXXd, 20 
v\7]v e^ei. et9 ydp \oyos Kal 6 avTOS TTO\\MV, olov 
dvOpMTTOv, ^MKpaTijs Be et9. TO Be TL r)v eivai OVK eyjzi 
v\if]v TO TrpMTOv evTe\e / ^eia ydp. ev dpa Kal \6yM Kal 

dpl0fjLO) TO TTpMTOV KLVOVV aKiVTJTOV OV KOI TO KLVOV/JLVOV 

dpa del Kal avve^M^ ev JJLOVOV et9 dpa ovpavbs IAOVOS. 2 5 
TrapaBeBoTai Be Trapd TMV dp^aiMV Kal TrafJbTra\aiMv ev 
/JLV00V o-^tj/JbaTi KaTa\e\eL/jL/meva Tot9 vcrTepov OTL 0eoi T 
elcrlv OVTOL Kal Trepie^ei TO delov Trjv 6\rjv fyvcnv. Ta 
Be \oiTrd /JLV01KMS rfBfj TrpocrrjKTai Trpos TTJV TreiBo) TMV 

TTO\\MV Kal TTpOS T7]V 6t9 TOU9 VO/JLOV^ Kal TO (TVfJL^epOV 3 

dv0pMTroeiBeL^ Te ydp TOVTOVS Kal TMV d\\MV 
TIGI \eyovcn, Kai TOVTOIS eTepa aKo\ov0a 
Tot9 eipri^evoi^. MV el TIS ^Mpicra^ avTo 

Xa/3ot /JLOVOV TO TTpMTOV, OTi 0eOV$ MOVTO T9 TTpMTa^ 

ovcrias eivai, Oeiws dv elprjcr0ai, vo/jLiaeiev. 35 

120 metapliysica A 9. 1074 b 15 Ta Be Trepl TOV vovv 
e^ei Tivds aTropias BOKCL fiev ydp eivai TMV 
0eioTaTov, 7TW9 3 e^Mv TOIOVTOS dv eirj, eyei 



86 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [120 



BvcrKO\ias. etre yap ^oev voel, ri av eirj TO 
&lt;iXX ^X ei/ wcnrep av el 6 KaOevBcov etre voel, TOVTOV o 
aXXo Kvpiov (ov yap ecrri TOVTO 6 ICTTLV avTOV 77 ovcrta 
vorjcris, aXXa SvvafJLis*), OVK av 77 dpio~Trj ovaia ely Bid 

5 yap TOV voelv TO TL/JHOV avTO) vTrdp^ei. ert Be etre vovs 
TI ovcria avTOV etre vorjcris ecrrt, TI voel ; ij V a P avTO&lt;$ 
avTOV rj 6Tpov Ti" Kal el eTepov TI, rj TO avTo del r) 
a\\o. TTOTepov ovv Sta^epet TI r) ovbev TO voelv TO /ca\ov 
TI TO TV%OV ; TI /col CITOTTOV TO SiavoelaOai irepl evlcov ; 

10 $7j\ov Toivvv OTI TO 0eioTaTov Kal Ti/JLiwTaTov voel, Kal 
ov jjLeTaftd\\eL et? %elpov yap rj /jieTa/3o\r), /cal Kivrjo-i^ 
TIS 778?; TO TOIOVTOV. TTpWTOv jJiev ovv el fJLrj vorjcri^ ecrTiv 
d\\a Svva/jiis, evkoyov eTriirovov elvai TO avve%es 
rr]? vorjcrews. ejreiTa $rj\ov OTL aXXo TI av ei^ TO 

i 5 Tepov TJ 6 vovs, TO voov/uievov. Kal yap TO voelv Kal rj 
vocals virdp^ei Kal TO ^eipiorTOV VOOVVTL. wcrr el (f)evKTov 
TOVTO (Kal yap JJLTI opdv evia KpelTTOV r) opdv), OVK av 
elt] TO apLdTov 7] vorjo-ts. avTov dpa voel, eLTrep eVrt TO 
KpaTidTov, Kal eaTLV r) VOTJQ-L^ vor/o-ecos vo^cn^. 

20 121 metaphysica A 10. 1075 a 12 eTno-KeTTTeov Be Kal 
TroTepa)? e^et 77 TOU o\ov fyvais TO dyadov Kal TO 
apHiTov, TTOTepov K%(0pi(Tfjievov Ti Kal avTo Kad* avTOy 77 
Tr)v Ta^tv. r) dfjLffroTepcos wcTTrep (TTpaTev^a ; Kal yap ev 
TTJ Ta%ei TO ev Kal 6 o TpaT rjyo^, Kal /j,d\\ov OUTO? ov 

25 yap OUT09 $i,d TTJV rd^iv dX)C eiceivi) bid TOVTOV ecrTiv. 
TrdvTa Be crvvTeTaKTaL TTW?, dX)C ov% O/ULOLCDS, Kal Tr\WTa 
Kal TTTTjvd Kal (f)VTa Kal ov% OI/TW? e%ei, McrTe JJLTJ elvai 
6aTepw TT/JO? OaTepov fiybev, d)OC GCTTI TL. Trpo? /juev yap 
ev djravTa crvvTeTaKTai. . . . 01 Se \eyovTe&lt;$ TOV 

3 o irpwTOV TOV /jiaOrj/jLaTLKOv Kal OVTCOS del d\\r]v 

ovcriav Kal dp%a&lt;&gt; eKacrTT]^ aXXa?, e7reio~o8i(*)$r) TTJV TOV 
TcavTos ovo~iav TTOLOVCTLV (ovSev ydp rj CTepa TTJ CTepa 
o-vfjL/3dX\eTai ovcra rj urj ovcrd), Kal /&gt;%? TroXXa? Ta 
oe ovTa ov ftov\eTai 7ro\LTevea9aL KaKws. OVK dyaOov 

35 7ro\vKOLpavirj el$ Kolpavos eaTW. 

de generation 122 de generatione et corruptione B 1. 329 a 24 7/yu,et9 Be 

et corruptione ^ a ^ ev ^ v elvai Tiva vXrfV TO)V crcouaTCOV TWV al&lt;T07)Twv, 

aXXa TavTrjv ov %a)pi(TTrfv, aXX del aeT evavTiwcrecos, e ^9 



122] ARISTOTLE: DE GENERATIONS ET CORRUPTION E 



87 



TCL tcaXov/jieva crroi^ela. BiutpicrTai Be Trepl 
ev erepois aKpiftea-repov ov /JLTJV aX)C eTreiBrj Kal TOV rpojrov 

TOVTOV eCTTLV K TT)S V\1JS TO, &lt;TftJyLt&lt;XTO- TO, TTpWTa, SlOplCTTeOV 

KOI Trepl TOVTCOV, dp^rjv /Aev Kal TTpcorrjv olo/JLevois elvai 
Trjv v\rjv rrjv d^o)pt,crTov fJiev vTroKeifJuev^v Be rot? evavriow 5 
ov yap TO Oepfjiov v\7] TCO tyv%pa), ovre rovro TW OepfJLM, 
TO vTroKei/Jbevov ajjufyolv. wcrre Trp&TOv fjuev TO 
wfAa alo-9r]Tov p%^* SevTepov Se at IvavTtco&eis, 
Se olov dep/jLOT^ Kal ^v-^poTrj^- TpiTOV o~e ifiri irvp 
Kal voo)p Kal TCL ToiavTa. TavTa fjiev jap /jieTa/3d\\i els 1 



vBe yap av TJV aX\oia)(Tis, al & evavTiuxreis ov 



2. 329 b 7 eVel ovv ^Tovfjuev alaO^TOv croo/xaro? d 
TOVTO 8 ecrTlv aTTTov, OLTTTOV 8* ov rj alaOrjai^ d(f&gt;rj, 15 
fyavepov OTL ov Tracrat al evavTKMO-eis crcojAaTos CI^TJ Kal 
dpyas 7roiovo~iv, d\\a fjbovov at KCLTCL TTJV afyrjv. . . . 
elcrl 8 evavTitocreis /cara Trjv d(f)r)V awe 

%ripov vypov, ffapv Kov(j)ov, aK\7]po 
Kpavpov, Tpa xy \elov, 7ra%v \enTTov. TOVTWV 8e (3apv 20 
//,ei&gt; Kal Kov&lt;pov ov TcoirjTiKa ovSe TraOijTiKCi ov yap rw 
TroLelv Ti Tpov rj irdo"^eiv v&lt;j&gt; eTepov \eyovTai Bel 
be TroiTjTLKa Kal JTaOrfTiKa elvat, d\\ij\cov Ta crTOi^eca, 
yap Kal fjLTa(3d\\ei t? a\\7]\a. Oeppov Be Kal 
ov Kal vypbv Kal ^rjpov Ta /mev TW TroiTjTiKa elvai 25 
Ta Be Tea TraOrjTiKa \eyeTai. . . . Bij\ov TOIVVV OTL 
at a\\ai Bia&lt;f)opal dvdyovTai, eh ra? Tr/scora? 
. avTai Be ovKeTi et? eXarrou?. . . . we re dvdyKTj 
elvai TavTa?. 

3. 330 a 30 eVel Be TeTTapa TO, aTOi^ela, TWV Be TeTTapwv 2 
e% al crv^ev^eis, TCL Be evavTia ov 7re(pvKe avv^vd^ecrdai, 
OepfJiov yap Kal tyv^pov elvai TO avTo Kal jrd\iv ffypov Kal 
vypov dBvvaTov, (fyavepov OTL TeTTapes eo~ovTai al TWV (TTOL- 
^elwv av^evgeis, Oepfjuov Kal ^ijpov Kal Oepfjiov Kal vypov, 
Kal 7rd\iv ifrirypov Kal vypov Kal ^v^pov Kal j-rjpov Kal 35 
T)KO\ov9rjKe KaTa \oyov rot? avrXot? fyaivofjievois (TWfJLao~i, 
Trvpl Kal depi Kal vBaTi, Kal yfj TO /jiev yap nrvp Oepfjuov 
Kal %7]pov, o Be drjp Oep^ov Kal vypov, olov ar/u? yap o 



88 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [122 



arjp, TO Be vBcop ^ITV^POV /cal vypov, rj Be yrj tyvypov Kal 
rjpov. . . . ov fJir)V aXX a7rXco9 76 rerrapa OVTCL evos 
eKaarov eVrr 777 fiev ydp grjpov paXkov r) ^rv^pov, 
vBo)p Be tyv%pov fjid\\ov 77 vypov, dr]p Be vypov fjid\\ov 
s 77 0epaov, TTVp Se Oepfjiov /JLO\\OP TJ ^Tjpou. 

123 de generatione et corruptione B 10. 336 a 23 eVel 8 
KOI Se^ei/crai avve^r]^ ovcra rot? TrpdyjAao-i, KOL 
Kal (frOopd, fyafjiev Se air Lav elvai, TI^V (popav rov 
&lt;yiveo-0ai, cfravepov OTL /ua? p,ev ovoys rf;? (fropas ov/c 
evSe^erai, yivecrOai, d/A(j)a) 8ia TO evavTia eivai TO yap avTo 
/cal Goo-avTcos e^oi&gt; del TO avTO Trecfrv/ce jroielv. wcrTe TJTOI 
del eVrat ^7 (f)0opd. Set Be TrXetof? elvai, ra? 
Kal evavTias i] TTJ (fropa rj TTJ dva)ua~\,i,a TWV 
evavTiwv TavavTia aiTia. Sib /cal ovy rj TrpcoTr) 
15 (fropa aiTia eVrl yevecrews /cal ffrOopds, aXX rj /card 
TOV \obv KVK\OV ev TavTy yap /cal TO crvve^e^ 
eaTi Kal TO KiveldOau $vo /civtjo eis dvdyfcij ydp, el 
ye del e.&lt;JTai awe^s yeveo-t? /cal fyOopd, del fjuev TL 
KivelorOai, iva fir) eTriXeiTrcocriv avTai al ueTa/So X.ai, $vo 
20 Se, OTTO)? /Jir] OaTepov av^aivri JJLOVOV. TT}? juev ovv 
77 TOV o\ov (fropd alria, TOV Be Trpoaievai /cal 
f] eyK\io-is avuflalvei, ydp ore uev Troppco 
yivecrQai, ore S eyyvs. avicrov oe TOV ^acrr^yLtaro? 6Wo? 
dvct)/jia\os ea-Tai rj KivrjcrL^ wcrre el rc3 Trpoai,evai Kal 
5 eyyvs eivai yevva, TCO aTrievai TavTov TOVTO Kal Troppw 
yivecrOai (j)0eip6f Kal el TOO TroXXa/ct? Trpoo-e\6elv yevva, 
Kal T(p 7roXXtt:t9 aTre\6elv fyOeipei TWV ydp evavTiwv 



deanima 124 de anima B 1. 412a3 ra fjiev Sr; VTTO 

3 o TrpOTepov TrapaoeSoaeva Trepl tyv%ijs elpijo-0co 

w(T7rep e vTrap^fj^ eTravia/JLev, Treipco/jievoi Sioplcrai TL e 
X/TLM^?? Kal ri? av eirj KOivoTaTos Xoyo? avTr/s. \eyoaev 
S?7 76^09 eV Ti TWV OVTCOV T7]v ov&iav, TavTTjs oe TO jjbev 
ft)? v\7]V, o Ka0 avTo f^ev ov/c eorTi Tobe TL, eTepov oe 
35 uoptyrjv Kal eZSo?, Ka0* TJP rjBrj \eyeTai Tooe TL, Kal 
TpiTOv TO eK TOVTWV. eaTi S r) uev V\TI Svvaaw, TO 8 
eZSo? evTe\e^eia, Kal TOVTO S^w?, TO /Jbev &&amp;gt;? eVta-rr; UTJ , 
TO 8 009 TO Oewpelv. ovcriai Be yLtaXtoV elvai BOKOVO-(, TCI 



124] ARISTOTLE : DE AN IMA 89 

(Tca/naTa, /cal TOVTWV ra &lt;f)vcri/cd ravra jap TWV a\Xcov 
dp%ai. TMV Be (j)V&lt;ri/c6t)v TO, jjiev e%ei a)r}v, ra o ov/c 
e% er &VJV & \eyoftV rrjv oY avrov rpo(f)rfv re KOI 
av^rjaLV teal fyQiaiv. wcrre Trav crw/j,a (frvo-i/cov /jieTe^ov 
0)779 ovcria av elt], ovcria S OVTCOS 0)9 orvvOeTij. evrel $ s 
ecrrl &lt;Tc5yLta TOibv^e, ^COTJV yap %ov, OVK av 66-77 TO crwyita- 
v y&P can, TMV read* VTro/ceifievov TO crco/za, 
S ft)? VTTOKeifJLevov KOI vKrf. ava^Kaiov apa 
overlay elvai co? 6tSo? crcof^aro^ (frvc 

rj 8 ovaia eVreXe^6ta. TOLOVTOV apa 10 

Te\e%i,a. avrr) oe \eyerai, St^co9, ^7 yLte^ GO? 

rj S co? TO Oewpeiv. (fravepov ovv OTI co? 

ev yap TO&gt; vTrdp-^eiv rrjv tyv%r)v /cal VTTVOS /cal 
ecmv, avaXoyov & rj fjuev eyprjyopais T&&amp;gt; 
Oewpelv, o S VTTVOS TW e^eti^ /cat /AT) evepyelv. irporepa 15 
Se Tr; yevecrei ejrl TOV avrov r) eTTLcrT^/Jbt]. Bio 
ecrnv evre\i^eia rj TrpaiTJ] o*60yLtaTO9 (pvcn/cov 
^u&gt;7jv eyo^T09. TOLOVTO Se, o av 77 opyaviKov. opyava 
Se /cal ra r&v (frvrcov /^eprj, d\\a nravreX,^ air\a, olov 
TO (j)v\\ov irepiKapiriov o-KeTraar/jia, TO Se Trepi/cdpiriov 
/capTTov, al Se pi^ai TCO GTO^CLTI dvd\oyov, a/jifyw yap 
6\/cei T?]v Tpofyrjv. el $r) TL KOLVOV eVt irdarj 
8et \eyeiv, eirj av VTe~\e%i,a 77 TTpcoTrj crcoyLta-TO9 
opyavL/cov. 

2. 413 a 20 \eyojmev ovv dp^rjv \aj3ovTes T7J9 0-^6^60)925 
SitopicrOai TO efji^rv^ov TOV dtyv^ov TOJ ^]V&gt; 7rel Se 
w ^wfjuev /cal aladavo/neOa 8t^w9 \iyeTai,, 
eTriorTa/uieQa, Xeyopev Be TO /mev eTTLo-T^fji rjv TO Se 
e/caTepw yap TOVTCOV fyafjuev eTrLo-TacrOai, ofjioiws Se KOLI 
a) vyiaivo/jiev, TO fjuev vyiela TO Be poplw Tivl TOV 30 
o-cojjiaTOs TJ /cal oX&&amp;gt;, TOVTCOV S 77 j^ev 7Ti(rnjfvr) Te KOI 
vyieia /Jiop&lt;f)rj /cal eZ8o9 TI /cal \6yos /cal olov evep- 
yeia TOV Be/CTi/cov, 77 /juev TOV eTria-Trj/Aovifcov 77 Be TOV 
vyiaa-Ti/cov (Bo/cei yap ev TW T:a&lt;jyovTi Kal BiaTiOefjievm 
77 TWV TroiijTiKwv vTrdp^eiv evepyeta), rj tyv^ Be TOVTO 35 
w ^MfJiev /cal ala-0avofjLe0a /cal ^lavoov^eOa TrpaiTws, COCTTC 
\6yos Tt9 av elr) /cal e2So9, dX)C ov-% v\rj /cal TO 
viro/cei/Jbevov. Tpt^w9 yap \eyofAevrjs Ti)9 ovaias, Ka9dnrep 



90 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [124 

eiTTO/jiev, MV TO /juev eiBos, TO Be v\rj, TO Be e dfji(j)oiv, 
TOVTOJV 8 rj juiev v\rj Bvva/jLis, TO Be eZ8o9 eWeXe^eta, 
eVel TO e f dfifyolv e/m^frv^ov, ov TO aa)/jid ecrTiv 

1/^1^779, aXX avTTj &lt;7&)yLtaT09 TWOS. 

125 rfe anima B 3. 414a29 TOW 8e Bwd/^ecov T% 
al Xe^Oelcrau Tot? //.e^ vTrdp^ovcri, iracrai, 



8 eiTTo/jiev OpeTfTiKov, ope/CTiKov, alaOrjTiKov, KivrjTiKov /caTa 

T07TOV, SiaVOyTlKOV. V7rdp%l Be TOZ? /Z6l/ 0UTOt? TO 
10 dpeTTTLKOV fJLOVOV, 6T/)Ot9 6 ToOTO T /Cttl TO aldO^TLKOV . 

el Be TO al&QijTiKOVj teal TO bpeKTucov opef;is p*tv yap 
fcal OV/JLOS /cal ftovXyo-is, TO. Be %wa TCCLVT 
fjiiav ye TMV alaOtfo-eayv, TTJV dfyr)v, co B aicrQrja t,? 
i, TOVTO) rjBovrj Te teal \VTTIJ /cal TO rjBv Te teal 
15 \v7rrjp6v, ot9 Be TavTa, ical rj eTTiOvfila, TOV yap 778609 
6 ^eft9 avTij. eTi Be Trjs Tpo(f&gt;r)s aicrd^cnv e^ovcnv rj yap 
d&lt;f)7] T?79 T/30(^&gt;rJ9 aio-Orjo-i^ r)pols yap /cal vypols /cal 
/cal tyv^pols Tpe(f)eTai TCL wa Tcavra, TOVTWV 
d(f&gt;r) TWV B a\\a&gt;v alcrOrjT&v /caTa (rv/ji{3e/3r)- 
ov0ev ydp et9 Tpotyrjv o-fyLt/3aXX6Tat ^0^)09 ovBe 
ovBe ocr/jurf. . . . real TWV alaOrjTi/cwv Be Ta fiev 
e^et TO /caTa TOTTOV KIVTJTLKOV, TCL B ov/c %ei. Te\evTaiov 
Be /cal eXd^LCTTa \oyicr^ov /cal Bidvoiav 0^9 /nev ydp 
vTcdp^ei \oyicr/jLO&lt;&gt; TMV (f)0apTcov, TOVTOIS /cal Ta \OL7rd 
25 TrdvTa, ot9 8 e/ceivcov e/caaTov, ov Trdcri Xo^tcryu-^, aXXa 
TO69 yiie&gt; ovBe (pavTacria, Ta Be TavTrj /jiovrj t^wcri. Trepl 
Be TOV OecoprjTL/cov vov eVe^09 Xo7O9. 

126 de anima B 6. 418 a 7 \eKTeov Be /ca6 etcdo-Trjv 
aidOrjo-iv Trepl TWV ala6r]Ta)v Trp&Tov. \eyeTai Be TO 
3 o alcr6r)Tov T/H^W9, coy Bvo JJLZV /ca9 avTa &lt;f)a/Aev ala6dvea-0ai, 
TO Be ev /caTa aviJifBeftriKOS. T&V Be Bvo TO fj,ev iBiov IGTIV 
alaOrjcrea)?, TO Be KOIVOV Traawv. \eya) B iBiov 
o fj,r) evBe^eTai, eTepa aladijcrei, alcrOdvecrOai, /cal 
Trepl o /AT) evBe^eTai aTcaT^Qrivai, olov 0-^69 ^pco^aTO^ 
35 /cal d/cor) tyotyov /cal yevais %V/JLOV rj 8 dtyrj 7rXeiOf9 
fjbev e^et Biacfropds. aXX eKaaTTj ye rcpivei Trepl TOVTWV, 
fcal ov/c aTraTaTai OTL ^pM/Jia, ovB" OTI 1^0(^)09, aXXa TL 
TO /ce^pcoa/jLevov 77 TTOV, 1} TL TO -fyofyovv r) TTOV. TCL /J.ev 



127] ARISTOTLE: DE AN1MA 91 

ovv TOiavTa \eyeTai iBta e/cdcrTOV, KOivd Be /civrjoris, rjpe- 
fjiia, dpiOfJios, o-^fjia, /jieyeOos ra jap roiavra ovBefiids 
eo~Tiv iBia, dX\d KOIVCL vracrat?. Kal jap d$rj Kivrjais Tt? 
ecrTiv alaOijrr) KOI oifrei. Kara avfJi^e^riKo^ Be \eyerai, 
v, olov el TO \evKov eirj Atapof? mo?* Kara (TV/A- 
os jap TOVTOV alo-Odverai, OTL rw \evKO) o-v^^e^rjKe 
rovro ov alaOdveTai. 8to Kal ovoev Trdcr^ei, rj TOLOVTOV 
VTTO rov alo-Orjrov. TWV Be K,aff avra alorOrjTwv rd lia 
earlv alaO^rd, Kal vrpo? a rj ovcrla 7re&lt;j)VKev 



de sensu 7. 449 a 8 dvdyKr] dpa ei&gt; ri elvai TT}? 
aTravra aiaOdverai, xaOaTrep eiprirai irporepov, aXko Se 
76^09 &gt;i a\\ov. ap^ ovv y /nev d^iaiperov ecrrt Kar 
evepjeiav, ev TI e&lt;m TO ala0r)TiKov yXvKeos KCLI \evKov, 
oiav oe BiaipeTov jevrfTai KaT evepjeiav, eTepov ; r] i s 
oycnrep eVl TWV TrpajfiaTcov avTMV eVSe^erat, OVTCD Kal 
eirl TT)? TJrv)(f)S ; TO yap avTo Kal ev dpidfjiw \evKov Kai 
eaTiy Kal aXka 7ro\\d, el fjur] ^aypLCTTa TO, TcaQj) 
v, d\\d TO elvai eTepov eKaaTW. OJJLOLWS TOIVVV 
OeTeov Kal eVl TT}? tyv ^7)5 TO avTo Kal ev elvai dpiO/ma 20 
TO alo-07]TLKov TrdvTCOv, T&lt;p /juevTOi elvai eTepov, Kal eTepov 
TWV uev yeveL TWV oe eiBei. wo-Te Kal alaOdvotT av 
d/jia T(j&gt; avTw Kal evi, \6ya) 8 ov TO) avTw. 

de iuuentute 3. 469 a 10 d\\d prjv TO &lt;ye Kvpiov 
TWV alaOrjaewv ev TavTp [sc. ev Trj KapBla] Tot? evaip,ois 25 
Traa-iv ev TOVTW jdp dvayKalov elvai TO irdvTwv TWV 
alaOrjTripicov KOivov alo-0r)Trjpiov. 

127 de anima B 7. 418a26 ov ^ev ovv ecrTiv rj otyis, 
TOVT ecTTiv opaTov. opaTov S 6o-Tt ^po)/jid T6 Kal o \6&lt;y(D 
/jiev ecrTiv elirelv dvoavv/jbov oe Tvy^dvei ov Bij\ov oe eaTai 3 
o \e&lt;yo^ev Trpoe\9ov(Ti /j,d\io-Ta. TO yap opaTov eo~Ti 
^pwfjua. TOVTO 8 e crTt TO eVt ToO Ka9 avTo opaTov 
Ka0 avTo Be ov TW \6yw, dXX OTi ev eavTM c^et TO 
OLTiov TOV elvai, opaTov. TCCUV Be ^pco/jia KIVTJTIKOV edTi 
TOV KaT evepyeiav Biacfravovs, Kal TOVT eaTlv avTov TJ 35 
fyvcns. BiOTrep ov% opaTov dvev (pcoTOs, d\\a nrav TO 
eKa(7Tov ^pw/jia ev ^COTI opaTov. Bio Trepl (JZCOTOS 7rpa&gt;TOv 
\eKTeov Ti eaTiv. eaTi Bij TL Biatyaves. Biatyaves Be \e&lt;ya) 



92 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [127 



o eo~TL jjbev opaTov, ov Ka@* avro $e oparov 0)9 
elirelv, d\\d oY d\\OTpLov %pw/jia. TOLOVTOV oe Icmv 
drjp Kal vocop Kal TroXXa TWV (TTepewv ov yap y v&cop 
ouo y drip ^Lafyaves, aXX* OTL ecrrl fyvcris evvTrdp^ovaa rj 
s avTrj ev TOVTOIS dfji(j)OTepoi,&lt;&gt; KOI ev TQJ di$i&lt;p ro&gt; avw 
cr(jL&gt;p,aTL. &lt;w9 Be ecmv rj TOVTOV evep&lt;yeia TOV 
fl Sia(f)ai&gt;e&lt;&gt;. Suva/net Se ev d) TOVT eari, Kal TO 
TO Se &lt;^)ft&gt;9 olo^ p^pcoyu/a ecrTt TOU Siacfravovs, orav y 
biafyaves VTTO TTU^O? 77 TOLOVTOV olov TO dvo) 
/cat yap TOVTM TL vTrap^ei ev /cal ravrov. . . . 
vvv 8 eTrl roorovrov (pavepov ecrriv, OTL TO fjuev ev 
&lt;po)Tl optofjievov ^poifjia. Sio teal ov% opaTai dvev ^XWTO? 
TOVTO yap r)V avTu&gt; TO %pct)fjiaTi elvai TO KivrjTiKO) elvai, 
TOV KaT evepyeiav $ia(j)avovs TJ 8 evTe\e%ei&gt;a TOV 
15 Sia(j)avovs &lt;^W9 ecrTiv. (j^^elov $e TOVTOV fyavepov eav 
yap Tt9 6rj TO e%ov %pw/jua e?r avTrjv TTJV otyiv, ov/c 
otyeTai ttXXa TO fjiev ^pco/jia Kivel TO Sia&lt;f)ave$, olov TOV 
depa, V7TO TOVTOV Se avve^ovs OVTOS KivelTdi TO al 



128 de anima B 12. 424 a 17 /ca06\ov oe nrepl Trd 

ws eel \a/3etv OTL rj p^ev alo-Orjcri^ ecrTt TO 
oefCTL/cov TWV al&lt;T0r)Twv elowv dvev T/J9 v\r]s, olov 6 
os TOV $afCTv\iov dvev TOV (Ti&]pov Kal TOV %pvcrov 
TO arj^elov, Xa/x/3az^et Se TO %pvo-ovv r) TO 
25 %a\Kovv aq/jLeLOv, aXX ov-% fj %pv(ros rj ^O\KO^. O/JLOICOS 
8e Kal TJ aLa07j(Tis eKaaTov VTTO TOV e^ovTOS %pwfjia rj 
^ufjiov rj tyo&lt;f)ov Tfdcr^ei, aXX ov% fj eKacrTov eKeivwv 
\eyeTai, aXX y ToiovSi, Kal KaTa TOV \6yov. alo-QijTiypiov 
oe TrpwTov ev w r) TOLavTij Svvafjiis. (TTL p,ev ovv 
30 TavTOv, TO 8 elvai eTepov fieyeOos /jiev yap dv TL eiv) 
TO al&Oavofjievov, ov firjv TO ye aladijTiKq) elvai, ouS 77 



CKeivov. (f)avepov 8 eK TOVTCOV Kal Bid TL TTOTC TWV 
alaOriTwv at V7rep{3o\al &lt;j)9eipov&lt;TL TCL alo-07jT^pLa eav 
35 yap 77 la^vpOTepa TOV al&OriTripiov ?; KLvrjcrLS, \veTaL 6 
Xo709, TOVTO S r}v rf aio-9r)&lt;TLs, wo-Trep Kal rj av /jL(f)a)v la 
Kal 6 TOVOS Kpovo/jievwv a(f&gt;o8pa TWV %op$a)V. Kal OLa TL 
TTOTe TCL (j)VTa ovK aidOdveTaL, e^ovTa TL /jiopLov 



129] ARISTOTLE : DE ANIMA 93 

KOV teal Trda^ovrd n vrco rwv dirrwv /cal yap 
Kal Oepfjuaiverai- airtov yap TO fiy e^eiv ^eaorr]ra 
roiavrTjv dpy^v OldV TO, eiBrj Be%ea0ai TWV 



129 de anima T 4. 429 a 10 Trepl Se rov popiov rov TT}? s 

w ywooatcei re rj ^v^r) /cal fypovel, eire ywpi&lt;rrov 
OI/TO? elVe real ftr) ^wpiorTOV Kara /jueyeOos d\\a Kara \oyov, 
ar/c7rreov riv e%et, Siaifiopdv, /cal TTCO? Trore yiverai ro 
voelv. el $TI ecrrt TO voelv wcnrep ro alcrOdvecruai, rj 

ri av eiv) virb rov voyrov rj ri roiovrov erepov. 10 
dpa Bel elvai, SetcriKov be rov el Sou? KOI Swa^ei 
roiovrov d\\a ftr) rovro, /cal Oftoto)? %ew foarrep ro 
aio-07]rLKOv 7T/309 ra aio~dr)Ta ovrco rov vovv Trpos ra 
vorjrd. CLVCL^K-TI dpa, eVel rcavra voel, afJLiryf) elvai, wcrTrep 
&lt;j&gt;rj(rlv Amfo/yo/m?, iva /cpary, rovro & early Iva &lt;yvcopi%y 15 
Trape/jLcfraivofjievov yap K(D\vo~ei [edd. Kw\vei\ ro a\\orpiov 
/cal dvrifypd^ei [edd. dvnfypdrrei], wcrre /JL^ avrov elvai 
(j)vo-iv fjiTjoe/jiiav d\)C rj ravrrjv, on Svvarov. o dpa /ca\ov- 
fjievo? r^9 *fyvvfis vovs (\eyco Se vovv &&amp;gt; oiavoelrai /cai 
v7TO\a/jil3dvei rj tyv%r)) ov9ev ecrriv evepyeia rwv ovrwv Trpiv 20 
voelv. 8to ovoe fjLe/mi^0ai ev\oyov avrov TCO crw^ari Troto? 
T^9 yap dv ylyvoiro, ^v^po^ 77 OepjJLO^, r) /cdv opyavov ri 
elr), a&gt;o~7rep ro&gt; alo d rjri/co), vvv 8 ovOev eo~nv. /cai ev OTJ 
OL \eyovres rrjv ^v^rjv elvai rorrov elowv, 7r\rjv.6n ovre 
o\rj d\\ 7] vo7]Ti/cr}, ovre evreKe^eia d\\d Bvvdfjiei ra el Brj. 2 5 

5. 430 a 10 eVet 8* wo-rrep ev aTrda-y rfj &lt;f&gt;val earl n 
TO fjiev v\7] e/cdarw yevei (TOVTO Se o rcavra Bvvd/jiei e/ceivd), 
erepov Se TO alnov /cal TroirjTi/cov, TW rroielv Trdvra, oiov 
Trpo? Trjv v\r)v TreTrovOev, dvdy/c?) /cal ev rfj 
VTrdp^eiV ravras T9 &ia&lt;f)opd$. /cal eaTiv o fjiev 3 

vovs TW Trdvra yiveaOai, 6 oe rw irdvra Troielv, 
009 eft9 Tt9, otoz^ TO ^&gt;W9* TpoTrov ydp Tiva /cal TO (/&gt;W9 
TTotet rd Svvdfjiei ovra ^pcofjuaTa evepyeia ^p^fjuara. icai 
OUT09 6 vovs ^&)/OiCTT09 /col diraO^ real 0/^7779, rfj ovaia 
wv evepyeia. del ydp TijjawTepov ro rcoiovv rov 7rda%ovros 35 
/cal rj dp^rj T^9 1^X779. TO 8 auTO eanv rj icar evepyeiav 
eTTiarrj/ji ri TO&gt; Trpdy/jLan f] Be Kara Svva/jiiv 
Trporepa ev TW evi, 0X0)9 Be ov ^povo) d\~)C ov% ore 



94 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [129 



voel ore & ov voel. ^wpiaOels o eVrl povov rovO ojrep 

eCTTi, Kal TOVTO fJLOVOV dOdvaTOV Kal di&lOV. OV fAVTJfJ.0- 

vevo/jiev oe, on TOVTO ^ev aTraOes, 6 oe 7ra9r)Tiicbs 1/07)9 

KOI dvev TOVTOV ovOev voel. 

130 categoriac 1. 1 a 1 6/jLMW^a \eyeTCU wv ovopa 
IJLOVOV icoivov, b oe /caTa Tovvo/ma Xo70? r^9 overlap ere/30?, 
olov %wov o re avQpwtros /cal TO yeypa/ji/jievov. TOVTWV 
yap ovofjia fjiovov KOIVOV, o $e KCLTO, Tovvop^a ^0709 T^9 
ovo-ias ere/309 av yap Tt9 aTrooi&a* TL ecrTiv CLVTWV e/caTepco 
I0 TO fft)ft) elvai, L&IOV 6/caTepov \6yov aTroScoo-ei. (jvv^vv^a 
8e \ejTai wv TO re ovo^a KOIVOV /cal o /caTa Tovvo/j,a 
Xo709 T7}9 overlap 6 avTos, olov %&lt;&gt;ov o re avOpwrros /cal 
o ^01)9. o yap avOpwiros real 6 ftovs K,QWU&gt; ovo/maTi 
TT poaay opeveTai &lt;pov, /cal 6 \oyo9 oe r^9 ovcria^ o auro9 
i 5 eav yap aTroStScS rt9 rw e/caTepov \oyov, TL eo-Tiv avTwv 
TO fcoco elvai, TOV avTov \6yov dTroococrei. 
\eyeTai oo~a CLTTO TIVOS SiatyepovTa TJ) 
TTJV /caTa Tovvo^a irpoo-^yopiav e^ei, olov curb 
6 ya^fJiaTiKO^ /cal diro TTJS dvopeias 6 



131 categoriae 4. 1 b 25 TWV /caTa 

\eyofjueva)v eicao-TOV rjrot ovaiav arj^alvei f) TTOQ-OV rj TTOLOV rj 
7T/909 TL rj TTOV TJ 7TOT6 rj fcelcrOai v e^eiv rj iroielv rj 7rdo-%eiv. 
ecrTi &e ovcria pev 0)9 TVTTW elirelv olov av0pc07ros, 777709 
25 TTOO-OV oe olov BiTrrj^v, TpiTrrj-^v troibv be olov \ev/cov, 
ypafji/juaTi/cov 77/309 TL Be olov $LTr\dcrLov, r^^KTV, pel^ov 
TTOV oe olov ev \.VKeiw, ev dyopa- Trore Se olo^ e^Oe^, 
irepvcnv KelaOai Se oloz^ dvdiceLTai, /cdO^jTaL- e%eiv Be olov 
vTToSeSeTai, wTrXto-raf Troielv 8e oloi^ Tepvei, Kaiei- 7rdo-%eiv 
3 o Se olov Te/nveTai, KaieTai. e/caaTOV 8e TWV elprjfievwv avTo 
KCL& at/To ev ovoefua KaTa&lt;^dcrei \eyeTai TJ dirotydo-ei,, 
Se 7r/)09 a\\7]\a TOVTMV o-vfjnr\o/cfj Kaid^acn^ rj djro- 
is yiveTai. a7rao~a yap So/eel KaTafyacris /cat, 

TfTOi d\7]6r]S rj i]rev$r)S elvai TWV Be /caTa 
35 crv^TrXoK^v \eyo/jLeva)V ovbev ovTe d\r)0es ovTe i/re{) 
olov avQpwiros, \evfcov, Tpe^ei, vi/ca. 

132 categoriae 5. 2 a 11 ovo-ia Se I&lt;JTIV rj /cvpicoTaTa re 
Kal 7T/)ft)T&)9 /cal jjid\io~Ta ^eyopevr), rj prjTe xa& viroicei- 



133] ARISTOTLE: ORGANON 95 

/jievov nvos \e&lt;yerai yn!)r ev vTroKei^evM rivi earns, olov 
6 T6? avOptoTTOs r) o rt? TTTTTO?. BevrepaL Be ovaiai 
\eyovrai, ev ol? eiBeaiv al rrpu&gt;rw&lt;$ ovaiai \eyofievaL 
vrrdp^ovai, ravrd re fcal rd rwv elBwv rovrwv &lt;yevr), olov 
o rl? avOpwrros ev eiBei /mev vTrdp^ei ro3 dvOpaiTrw, 76^0? 5 
Se rov etSou? earl TO ^(&gt;ov Sevrepai, ovv avrai \e&lt;yovrai, 
ovaiai, olov o re avOpwrros teal ro %&ov. 

133 analytica priora A 1. 24 a 16 rrporaais JJLCV ovv analytica 
eari A,o&lt;yo? Karafyarntos r) aTrofyariicos rivos Kara nvos. pm 
OL/TO? Se rj fca06\ov rj ev nepei rj aSiopiaros. \ejo) Se 10 
Ka6o\ov fjiev ro iravrl 77 jjirjBevl VTrdpftew, ev fiepet, 8e TO 
rivl T) fj,rj nvl rj fir) Travrl vrrdp^eiv, doiopiarov Se TO 
vrrdp^eiv rj ^T) VTrdp^euv dvev rov /ca06\ov r) /card fiepos, 
olov, ro rcov evavricov elvai rrjv avrrjv eTnarrjfjLTjv rj ro 
rrjv rjoovrjv fjirj elvai dyaOov. Siafyepei Be r) drrobeiKriKr] IS 
rrporaais rr)s BidXe/crLKr)^, on rj f^ev drroSeitcriKrj \rjtyi,s 
Oarepov fiopiov rrjs dvn&lt;f)daea)s eariv (ov ydp epcora d\\d 
\afji,fSdvei o drro^eiKvvwv), rj 8e Sia\Krt,fcr) epoorijais dvn- 
(j)daec*)s eanv. ovBev Be Btolaet, TT^O? TO &lt;yevea6ai rov 
e/carepov avXXoyiafjiov Kal yap o aTroBei/cvvcov /cal o 20 
epairwv av\\oyi^erai \a(3c*)v ri Kara rivos vrrdp^eiv rj 
/jirj vrrdp-^eiv. ware earai avXX.oyiari/crj fjiev rrporaais 
avrXco? Kard(f)aai$ rj arcQ^aais rivos Kara rivos rov elprj- 
fjbevov rpOTrov, drro^eiKriKri Be, eav d\,r]0r)&lt;$ y /cal Bid rcov 
eg ap^? vTToOeaecov el^TjfjLuevrj, B(,a\eicrL/cr) Be TrvvOavouevw 25 
fjuev eptoryais dvri(j)daea)$, av\\oyio/jLev&lt;p Be \r}^lns rov 
tyaivouevov /cal evBo^ov, KaOdrrep ev Tot? TOTTIKOIS eipiyrai. 
ri fjiev ovv eari Trporaais, real ri Biacfrepei avX\oy tari/cr) 
/cal drroBeLKrifcr) Kal Bia\KriKrj, 8t aKpifteias aev ev 
Tot? eTro/jLevois p7]0ijaerai, irpos Be rrjv rrapovaav %peiav 30 
iKavws rjfuv BicopiaOo) rd vvv. opov Be KO\M et? ov 
Bia\verai rj rrpbraais, olov ro re /carr)&lt;yopov/j,evov Kal 
ro Ka9 ov Kariyyopelrai, rj TrpoariOeuevov r) Biaipov/jievov 
rov elvai Kal ur) elvai. av\\oyiajjio^ Be eari Xoyo? ev c5 
re6evra)V nvwv erepov ri rwv Keijjievwv eg dvdryKrjs avu- 35 
(BaiveL raj ravra elvai. \e&lt;yay Be TW ravra elvai ro Bid 
ravra avpftaiveiv, ro Be Bid ravra avfjbftaiveiv ro /ji 

opov TrpoaBeiV vrpo? TO yeveadai ro dvajKalov. 



96 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [134 



134 analytica priora A 31. 46a31 on &gt; 77 
yev&v $ia,ip&lt;Ti,$ /ju/cpov Ti fjubpiov ecrn T??9 elprjjjLevfjs 
paSiov ISelv. earn yap rj $&gt;iaipeo~is olov daOev^ 

o fjiev yap Set Sel^ai aireiraL, avXXoyi^eTai S dei Ti TO)V 
s dva)0ev. TrpwTov 8 avrb TOVTO e\e\ij6et TOVS xpco/jievovs 
avrf) TTavras, teal ireLOeiv eTre^eipovv w? 6Vro? Svvarov 
Trepl ova-las dTroSeifyv yiveaOai, /cal rov ri ecrnv. Mar 
ovre o TL epBe^erat, av\\oyi&lt;Tao-6ai SiaipovfJievoi %vvleo-av, 
ovre ort, ovrws eVeSe^eTo w(77T6p elpr)Ka/jL6V. ev fJiev ovv 
10 rat? aTroSeu^eo-LV, orav &erj TL o-v\\oyi(7ao-0aL virdp^eiv, 
Set TO fjieaov, $i ov yiverai, 6 o-v\\o&lt;yio-/Ji6$, KOI TJTTOV del 
elvai /cal p,r] /ca0* 6\ov rov TTpcorou rwv d/cpcov r; 8e 
Tovvavriov /3ouXeraf TO yap /ca9 6\ov \a^avei 
crTco y a p ^&lt;v ^v e^&gt; ov A, TO Se OvrfTov e(j) 
15 ov B, Kal aOdvarov efi ov F, o 8 avOpwjros, ov rov 
\oyov Set \aftelv, efi ov TO A. aTrav Brj ^&lt;f&gt;ov \a/j,{3dvei 
r) OVTJTOV rj dOdvarov rovro 3 ecrriv, o av $ A, airav 
elvai rj B 77 F. irakiv TOV avOpwirov del Siaipov/jievos 
t,&lt;f&gt;ov elvat,, Mare Kara rov A TO A \a^dvei virdp- 
6 fjbV ovv crv\\oy LO~ JJLOS eo~Tiv on TO A rj B ij T 
ecTTat, wo~Te TOV avOpcoTrov i] OvrjTov ^JLGV r/ dOdvarov 
dvayicalov elvai ^wov, OVTJTOV Se OVK dvayicalov, d)OC alrelrai* 
TOVTO 8 Y)V o eoet orvKkoyiaao-Oai. 

135 analytica priora B 23. 68 b 8 TTCO? fiev ovv e^ovcnv 
5 ol opoi KaTa Ta? dvTKTTpocfrds real TO alpeTcoTepov rj (f)V- 

KTOTepov elvai, (f&gt;avepov OTL S ov JJLOVOV ol $ia\KTiKol 
/cal aTToSeiKTiKol crvKkoyicrfJbOi Sid TWV 
yivovTai a^rj/JidTCDV, d\\d /cal ol p^TopiKol Kal 



TrcrTt? Ka rj Ka oTTOiavovv fjieoov, vvv v eij 
3 o \KTeov. d jravTa yap irio-Tevo^ev -rj Sid o-vXhoyia/JiOv i] 



Kal o e f eTraywyrj^ crv\\oyi- 

TO Sid TOV eTepov OaTepov aKpov TW ftecrco av\\oyia-a- 
crOai, olov el TWV AF fjieaov TO B, Sid TOV F Sel^ai TO A 
35 T&3 B vTrdp^eiv OVTCO yap Troiov^eda Ta? eTraycoyd^. olov 
ecrTft) TO A fjiaKpofBiov, TO 8 ecj) c5 B TO %o\?)^ p^r} %ov, 
e &lt;/&gt; w Se r TO KaO eKaaTov [/jiaKp6/3iov], olov dvOpwrros 
[qu. 01^09] Kal LTTTTO^ Kal ^fjiiovo^. T&&amp;gt; 877 F o\w VTrdp^ei TO 



136] ARISTOTLE : ORGANON 97 



A- Trdv jap TO F [Pacius F, codd. a^oXoz/j fjiaKpoftiov. d\\d 
fcal TO B, TO jj,rj e^eiv %o\r)V, iravrl VTrdp^ei TO&gt; F. el ovv 

dvTl(TTpe&lt;f)ei TO F TM B KOI JUT) VTTepTeivei TO /J.eCTOV, dvdjKTJ 

TO A TO) B V7rdp%eiv. SeSeiKTai ydp TTpoTepov OTI dv 
Svo aTTa Tft&gt; avTu&gt; virdp^rj KOI TT^O? OaTepov avTWV dvTi- 5 
TO aKpov, OTI TCO dvTKTTpefyovTi KOI 6aTepov 
TWV Ka,T?]&lt;yopovjuLevu&gt;v. Set $ voelv TO F TO ef 
T&V /caO^ e/ca(TTov crvyKei/jLevov f) yap eTraywyr) 
8id TrdvTWV. ecrTt 8 o TOIOVTOS crv\\oyi,o-fj,b&lt;; TTJ? TTpwTrj^ 
KOL d/jiecrov TrpoTacrew MV p,ev ydp ecrTi /juecrov, Sta TOV TO 
/jicrou 6 (TvX\oyKT/ji6s, wv $e /JUT] ecTTi, St^ eTraywyri^. KULI 
TpoTrov Tiva dvTiKeiTai r) 67raya)yrj TO) &lt;rvX\,oy ICT JAW o jjiev 
yap Sia TOV jnecrou TO a/cpov TW TpiTw Sei/cvvo-iv, r) 8e Sid 

TOV TpiTOV TO ClKpOV Tft) fjUeCTO). (j)VCT6L jJieV OVV TTpOTCpOS Kal 

yvwpifjLMTepos o Sid TOV ^eaov crvX\oyio-/jio$, IIJMV & evap- 15 
yeaTepos o Sid T/;? eTraywyij^. 

136 analytica priora B 24. 68 b 38 TrapaSeiy/jba S ecrTiv 
oTav TO&gt; /jieo-M TO a/cpov VTrdp-^ov Sei%6fj Sid TOV o^oiov 
TO) TpiTM. Sel Se Kal TO yu/eow TW TpiT&lt;p /cal TO Trp&Tov 
TO) ofjLOKo yvoipifjuov eivau vTrapy^ov. olov ecrTU) TO A /ca/cov, 20 
TO Se B TT^O? ojjibpovs dvaipeicrdai TroXe/juov, e co Se F 
TO A.0r)vaiovs Trpos @r)/3aiovs, TO S e &lt;^&gt; a) A 
Trpos Ooj/cet?. edv ovv {3ov\a&gt;fjie0a Sei^ai OTI TO 
7ro\e/jieiv Ka/cov ecrTi, \7j7TTeov OTI TO TT^O? TOU? 
7ro\e/jLeiv tea/cop. TOVTOV Se TTICTTI^ etc TWV o/jioiwv, olov 25 

ot9 o 7T/30? QaiKels. eVel ovv TO TT^O? 
Ka/cov, TO Se TT/QO? 77/3atof? TT^OO? o/JLopovs 
(pavepov OTI TO TT/OO? r]/3aiovs Tro\e^elv KaKov. OTI 
ovv TO B TO) F KOI TW A vTrdp^ei, (pavepov (d/ji(f&gt;a) ydp 
ecrTi 7T/90? TGI/? ojnopovs dvaipeicrdai vroXeyLto^), ^al OTA TO 30 
A TO} A (7f/3aioi,s ydp ov crvvtfveyKev 6 TT^O? 
6Vt Se TO A TW B vTrdp^ei, Sid TOV A 
TOV avTov Se Tpojrov Kav el Sid TrXeiovcov TCOV 

0/Jloia)V TI TT/CTTt? yiVOlTO TOV fJieCTOV 7T/309 TO ClKpOV. 

(fravepov ovv OTI TO TrapdSeiy/jid eo~Tiv ovTe to? fjiepos irpos 35 
o\ov ovTe &)? oXoz^ 7r/9o? fJiepos, aX\ co? /ze/Do? TT^O? p&lt;epos, 
OTav d/j,&lt;f)a) /mev rj VTTO TavTO, yvcopiaov Se OaTepov. Kal 
}? eiraycoyij^, OTI TJ /jiev e% (iTravTouv TW&gt;V a 

H 



98 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [136 

TO a/cpov eBeiKvvev vTrdp^eiv TCO /xecrw KOL nrpos TO aKpov 
ov avvrJTTTe TOV a-vKKoryio-fjiov, TO Be KOI avvd JTTei Kal OVK 
ef aTrdvTcov BeiKvvaiv. 

137 analytica prior a B 27. 70 a 3 etVo? Be Kal arjfjieiov 

5 ov TavTov ecmv, d\\a TO fiev eiKos eo~Ti TrpoTaais eVSofo9* 
o yap o&gt;9 eVl TO TTO\V IVCLGIV OUTGO yivo/Aevov r) fir] yivo- 
fjievov r) ov TI fir) ov, rovr ecrrlv el/cos, olov TO fjLiaeiv TOU? 
&lt;f)OovovvTas r) TO fyiXelv Toi/9 epco/juevovs. cn]^elov Be 
{3ov\Tai eivai irpoTacn^ aTroBeiKTiK?] dvay/caia r) evBo^os 

10 ov &lt;ydp OVTOS ecTTiv rj ov yevofievov irpoTepov rj vo~Tpov 
yeyove TO 7rpd&gt;y/jia, TOVTO (TTj/juelov eo~Tt, TOV rye^ovevai f) 
eivai. evQv/jirjjjLa /JLCV ovv eo~Ti crv\\o&lt;yicrfjLos e eiKQTwv rj 



analytica 138 analytica posteriora B 19. 99bl7 Trepl Be 

WOSteTWTCl &gt;^N / / \ / r / c, 

ap^wv, TTCU? T6 ^ivoviai yvcopijJLOi, Kai TLS rj &lt;yvwpit &gt; ova a 
evTevOev eaTi Br)\,ov TrpoaTroprfaaai TrpwTov. 

OTL /jiev ovv OVK evBe^eTai, e7rlo~Tao~0ai Bi 
/A}) yiv(ioo-/covTL Ta? 
TrpoTepov. TWV B d/j,eo-a)v Trjv &lt;yvcoo-iv, Kal jroTepov 

20 eo-TLV rj ov% rj ai)Tr], SiaTroprjaeiev dv Tt9, Kal TTOTepov 
e7ri(TTr]fJLr) eicaTepov r) ov, rj TOV fjiev eiritrr^fir} TOV B eTepov 
TI 76^09, Kal TTOTepov OVK evovcrai, al efet9 eyytvovTai rj 
evovcrai \e\7JOaaiv. el fiev Brj e^Ofjuev 
o-v/jL/3aiVi &lt;ydp aKpi 

2 5 \av0dveLV. el Be \ajju ft dvofjiev pr) e^ovTes TrpoTepov, ?rco9 
dv yvcopi^oifiev Kal /Aav0dvoijjLev IK fir) 
&lt;yva)o-eo)s ; dBvvaTov &lt;ydp, wo-irep Kal eV 
e\eyo/j,v. (pavepov TOLVVV OTL OVT e^eiv olov Te, OVT 
dyvoovo-i Kal fJujBe/jbiav e^ovaiv e%iv eyyiveo-Qai. dvdyKrj 

30 dpa e^eiv fiev Tiva Bvva/jiiv, /irj TOiavTr/v 8 e^eiv r) eaTai 
TOVTCOV TtfjLiWTepa KCLT aKpifteiav. fyaiveTai Be TOVTO ye 
iraviv vTrdp Xpv TOt9 000^9 e%ei &lt;ydp BvvafJLiv O-V/J.(J)VTOV 
KpiTLKr]v, rjv Ka\ov(TLV aio~6r]o-iv. evovo-rjs 8 alo-Orjcreoos TO?9 
/jbev TWV %&lt;j&gt;wv eyylveTai /j,ovrj TOV alo~0r)fjiaTos, Tot9 B OVK 

35 eyyiveTat. 6Vot9 fiev ovv fir] eyyiveTai, rj 0X0^9 rj Trepl a 
fir) eyyiveTai OVK eaTi TOVTOIS yvwo-i? e^w TOV al&lt;T0dveo-0ai 
ev ol9 B\ eveaTLv alo-Qavo/jLevois e^eiv eTi ev 
Be TOLOVTCDV 



139] ARISTOTLE : ORGANON 99 



too~Te rot? fjuev yiveaOai \6yov e/c r^9 TCOV TOIOVTWV /j,ovf)&lt;&gt;, 
rot? Be fjirj. etc fjiev ovv aladr/o ea)^ yiveTai 
\eyojjiev, CK Be fjuvij/jLirj^ 7ro\\dfcis TOV avTov 
euTretpia al yap TroXXat fH/fjf&ai, rc3 dpiO/Aw e/jiTreipia fJLia 
e&Tiv. etc efjiTretpias r) etc TravTOS rjpe/jitfcravTos rov 5 
/ca06\ov ev rrj tyv%7J, TOV evos irapa ra TroXXa, o av ev 
airacriv ev evrj etcelvoi? TO avro, re^vr)^ dp^rj Kal 
eav fjuev Trepl yevecrtv, re^vr)^, eav Be Trepl TO ov, e 
ovTe Brj evvTrdp^ova-iv dfytopiafjuevai al e fet?, OVT CLTC a\\a&gt;v 
e^ecov ^ivovrai yvwa-TifcwTepayv, aA-X CLTTO alcr6r)(7ea)s, olov 10 
ev f^d^r) TpOTTTJs yevo/jievrjs e^o? crra^TO? erepo? eaTij, eZ$ 
erepo?, ea)? eVl dp%r)v rf\6ev. rj Be ^^%^ virdp^ei 
ovaa o r ia Bvvao-0ai Tcacryeiv TOVTO. o 8 eKe^drj /jbe 
ov cra^co? Be e^e^Tj, Tcakiv eLTrco/jiev. CTTUVTOS jdp 
dBt,a(f)6pa)v evos, Trp&Tov /JLev ev Trj ^v^fj Ka6o\ov (Kal yap 15 
alcrOdveTai /nev TO /caO^ e/cacrTov, r) 8* a%cr0ijari? TOV /ca06\ov 
eaTiv, olov dvOpanrov, aXX ov KaXXtou dvOpooTrov) 7rd\iv ev 
TOVTOIS IcTTaTai, e&)9 av TO, d/jueprj O-TTJ Kal TCL /ca06\ov, olov 
TotovBl &lt;&gt;ov, ea)9 %(ov Kal ev TOVTW wcravTws- B&gt;)\ov 8r) 
OTL TJJMV TO, 7rpa)Ta eTTaycoyfj yvcopi^eiv dvay/calov /cal yap 20 
Kal aicrOrjcris OVTCO TO KadoKov efJLTroiel. eTrel Be TWV Trepl Trjv 
oidvoiav e^ecov, als d\7jOevofjLev, al fjiev del d\ri6e i&lt;&gt; elaiv, 
al Be eTTiBe^ovTai, TO 1^61)809, olov Bo^a Kal \o&lt;yi(r/jb6s, 
d\r)Qr) B del eTTKTTijlJ/r) Kal vovs, Kal ovBev eTTLO-TTJfjiij^ 
aKpipeaTepov aXXo &lt;yevo$ rj vovs, al 8 dp%al TWV CLTTO- 25 
Bei^ecov yvcopi/jitoTepai, eTTio-Tij/jurj 8 airaaa fjieTa \6yov 
eaTi, TWV dp^Mv eVfccm^u/?? jJiev OVK av eir], eirel 8 ovBev 
d\7j9ecrTepov evBe^eTat elvat, eTCKJT Y]^^ r] vovv, vovs av 
elrj TWV dp^wv, e/c re TOVTCOV (TKOTTOVO L Kal OTL aTroBei- 
^6&)9 dp%rj OVK aTroBe^L^, wcrr ovB* ITCKTT Y]^^ e7rio-Tij/j,?j. 3 
ei ovv /jurjBev aXXo Trap* eTricrTiJiJLrjv yevos e^o/jiev d\r]0e&lt;&gt;, 
vovs av eiij e7rL(7T^7j^ dp%r). Kal 77 /JLV dp-^rj r^9 

ro 



139 topica Al. 100 a 18 77 fjbev irpoOecr^ T^S rrpay- topica 

aeOoBov evpelv a&lt;^ 779 BvvTjcro/jieOa (TvXKoyi^eo dai 
Trepl TravTos TOV TrpoTeOevTos Trpo/3\rj{jiaTO$ e evBofccov, Kal 
avTol \oyov vTre%ovTes /jbrjOev epov/nev virevavTiov. 



100 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [139 

ovv prjTeov TI ICTTL &lt;7t&gt;XXo&lt;y0yo? real Tives avTov Biacfropai, 
OTTCO? \rj(j)dr) o StaXe/crt/co? crv\\oyicr/j,o&lt;&gt; TOVTOV yap ^TJTOV- 
/nev Kara rrjv TrpoKeifjieviiv Trpay/jiaTeiav. 

ecm Brj o-v\\oyia-/jLos Xoryo? ev c5 reOevrwv TLVWV eTepov 
5 TL Tcov KeifJLevwv ej; dvdyKrj^ av^L^aLvei Bid TWV Kei/jbevayv. 
fJL,ev ovv CCTTLV, orav e f a\7]9wv KOI 7rpa)T(0v 6 
y, ^ etc TOIOVTWV a ia TLVWV 7rp(*)Tau&gt; /cal 
a\7)0a)V r% Trepl avra yvcoa-ecos rrjv (ip^v eiXrifyev Bia- 
\6KTLKb&lt;^ Se crv\\oyicr/jLO^ 6 ef ev$6i;c0v o-^ 
10 ecm Be a\r}0r) pev ical Trpwra ra p,r) i erepwv aXXa 
avrwv e^ovra rrjv iricmv ov Bet yap ev rat9 e 

appals eTri&TeicrOai, TO Bia ri, aXX eKacmiv rwv 
avrrjv Kaff eavrrjv elvai TricrTrjV. ev$oi;a $e ra 
So/covvra Tracnv r) rot? TrXeta-Tot? r) rol&lt;; aofyols, real TOVTOLS 
5 rj TTacnv rj rot? TrXetVroi? ^7 rot? fjiaXicrra yvcopi/jiois /cal 
epicm/cbs S ecrrl crv\\o&gt;yi,cr/jios 6 IK 
rj ovrwv Be, /cal 6 ef evBo^cov rj 

evB6j;a)v (fraivofjievos. ov yap irav TO fyaivopevov evBo^ov 
/cal ecrTiv evBo^ov. ovOev yap TWV \eyojjievwv evBo^wv 
e^ei TrayreXw? TTJV (fcavTacrlav, /caOa Trepl ra? 
\oywv af&gt;%9 crvfJbfteftriKev %ew Trapa^prj/jia 
yap Kal 009 eVl TO TTO\V rot? /cal fjuncpa avvopav Bvva- 
fjitvois /caTdBrjXos ev aurot? 77 TOV tyevBovs eVrl (frvcris. 
6 fjiev ovv TrpoTepos TMV pr)0evTO)v epicrTMcwv o-v\\oyio-jjia)v 
25 Kal &lt;TvX\.oyicrfjLos \eyecrdw, o Be XotTro? epicrTiKos 
cruXXo^icryLto?, crvXhoyio-fjibs B* ov, eTreiBr) fyalveTai 
o-v\\oyiear0ai,, avXXoyi^eTai S ov. 

140 topica A 4. 101 b 11 TrpwTov ovv OecopTjTeov IK 
TLVQ)V TI yu-e^oSo?. el Brj \dj3oLfMev TT/JO? Trocra /cal Trola Kal 
30 eK TLVWV ol \oyoi,, Kal 7TW9 TOVTCOV evTroprjcrofJiev, e^oifjuev av 
LKavws TO TTpoKei/Jievov. eaTL S dpiOfjiw Ida Kal TavTa, e% 
wv re ol \6yoi Kal Trepl wv ol crv\\oyicr/jioi. ylvovTai fjiev 
yap ol \6yoi eK TWV TrpoTacreayv Trepl d)V Be ol crfXXo- 
yicrfjiot, TCL Trpo(B\r)iJLaTd ecrrt. Trdcra Be TrpoTacns Kal Trav 
35 TTp6{3\r)fjia rj yevos r) IBiov 77 crv/jL^e^KOf; Br)\ol Kal yap 
Tr)V Biatyopdv ft)? ovcrav yeviKrjv O/JLOV rcS 76^66 TaKTeov. 
eTrel Be TOV IBiov TO fjiev TO TI rjv elvca crrj/jLalvei, TO B 
ov (rrj/jiaivei, BirjprjcrOco TO %Bt,ov t9 a/jLcfta) ra Trpoeiprjjmeva 



141] ARISTOTLE : ORGANON 101 



fJLeprj Kal rca\i(T0a) TO fjiev TO TI r]V elvaL crrjfjialvov 

TO 8e \OL7TOV KCLTCL TJ]V KOLV7JV 7Tpl aVTWV CL 

7rpoaayopeveor0(o iSiov. oij\ov ovv IK TWV 
OTL KaTa TTJV vvv SiaipecTiv TeTTapa TCL TrdvTa 

yivecrdai, rj L&LOV rj opov r) yevos ^7 (rv/jiffe fly/cos. 5 
8 rj/jids V7ro\d/3r) \eyeiv &&amp;gt;9 fca&lt;rTov TOVTWV /ca@ 
avTO \yo/jivov TrpoTacris rj 7rp6/3\7]/uid eaTiv, aXX OTL OLTTO 
TOVTWV Kal TCL 7rpo/3\r)/jLaTa Kal al TrpoTaaei^ ^ivovrai. 

8LCL(f)pL $ TO TTpO^Xrjf^a Kal f) TrpOTaCTLS Tft) TpOTTW. 

OVTCO fjLev &lt;yap prjOevTOt, dpd 76 TO fcSoz/ Tre^bv SLTTOVV 10 
opLcr/jios ecTTLV dvOpa)7rov ; Kal dpd 76 TO %&lt;&gt;ov 76^09 eo"Tt 

TOO dvOpCOTTOV; TTpOTaCTLS JLVeTaL. Idv Se, 7TOTpOV TO 
%0)OV TTetpV &L7TOVV OpLCr/ULO^ 6(TTLV dvOpWTTOV 7J OV / [Kal 

iroTepov TO %(ov 76^09 ecrTiV ;\ 7rpo/3~\.r)/jLa ylveTaL. 

141 topica A 5. 101 b 38 \eicT4ov Se TI 0/009, TI LOLOV, is 

Tl 76^09, TI O-V/jL^e^TJKO^. 6C7TL S O/3O? /JLV X0709 O TO 

TI rjv elvai o-rj/jLaivcov. . . . IStov 8 J &lt;TT\V o /JLTJ 
fjiev TO TL fjv elvaL, fMovw 8 V7rdp%et, Ka 

TCLl TOV TTpdy/JiaTOS, olov 1LOV dv0pO)7TOV TO 

SeKTiKov el yap avOpwiros laTL, ypafjL/jLaTLKrjs SCKTLKOS 20 
Kal el ypafjL/j,aTLKfjs SCKTLKO^ eaTLV, avOpwTros ICTTLV. 
ydp iSiov \ejL TO evSe^o/jLevov a\\q&gt; v7rdp%LV, 
olov TO KaOevBeLV dvOpaiTrw, ouS av TV%r) KaTa TLva 

XpOVOV /jLOVfD V7rdp%OV. . . . 76^09 8* IffTL TO KaTCL 7T\L6va)V 

Kal $La(f)p6vTa)v TW et&6 ev TO&gt; TI e&TL KaTrjjopov/jLevov. 25 
ev TO) TL ICTTL 8e KaT7)yop6LO-0aL TCL TOiavTa \&lt;y(T0co, ocra 
dpfioTTL aTTO&ovvaL eptoTijOevTas TL CGTTL TO TrpoKel/jLevov, 
KaOaTcep 7rl TOV dvOpwTrov dpfAOTTeL, epwTTfOevTa TL CCTTL 

TO 7rpOKLfJLVOV, 6L7T6LV OTL %(*&gt;OV. yCVLKOV B Kal TO 7TOT6pOV 

ev To3 avTO) yeveL d\\o a\\q&gt; rj ev eTepa). Kal yap TO 30 

TOLOVTOV VTTO T1JV aVTTJV fJLe00$OV TTLTTTCL Tft) yeVCL $La\- 

%0ei Tes ydp OTL TO q&gt;ov 76^09 TOZ) dv0pa)7rov, ofjLoiws Se 

Kal TOV /3oo9, o~LL\y/jLevoL eao/jLeda OTL ev TO&gt; avTw yeveL. 

edv Se TOV /nev eTepov Sei^cofjLev OTL 761/09 eaTi, TOV 8e 

eTepov OTL OVK edTL, SLeL\ey/j,evoL eorofjieOa OTL OVK ev Tc3 35 

auTco yeveL TavT eaTLV. avfjL/3e{3rjKbs Se eo~TLV o 

/jiev TOVTWV eo-TL, ^Te 0/309 /^Te LOLOV /JLIJTC yevos, v 

Se TW Trpdy/AaTL, Kal o evoe%TaL vTrdp^eiv OTWOVV evl 



102 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [141 
real TW avT(p Kal fjurj vTrdp^eiv, olov TO Ka6r}cr9ai e 



TLVL TW avTw /ca //-? vTrp^eiv OJJLOICOS Be 



/cal TO \evKOv, TO yap avTo ovOev KwXvei ore fJiev \CVKOV 
ore Be fjurj \evKov elvai. 

142 ethica Nicomachea A 1. 1094 a 1 jracra Te%v7] Kal 
Nicomachea ^ao-a p,e0ooos, o/Wo&gt;9 Se TTpagis re Kal Trpoaipevis, 
dyadov TIVOS efyieaOai So/cet* 8to /co-Xco? djre^rjvavTo 

ov Trdvr e^/erat. 

2. 1094 a 18 el 8&gt;7 TI reXo? e crrl TWV TrpaKT&v o Si, 
ftov\ofJie6a, Tak\a 8e 8ta TOVTO, Kal fjirj Trdvra Si 
T6pov alpovfjueda (rrpoeicri yap OVTO) 7 els aireipov, wcrr 
elvai Kevrjv Kal paTaiav TTJV opefyv), $r}\ov co? TOVT av 
elfj TayaOov Kal TO apicrTov. ap ovv Kal TT/JO? TOV 
ftiov 77 7^&lt;y&lt;rt9 avTOv fjue^d\f]V ^X 61 P 07r7 l v &gt; Ka ^ KaOaTrep 
15 To^orat (TKOTTov evovTes fia^Xov av Twy^dvoijjuev TOV 
SeovTos ; el 8 OVTO), ireipareov TVTTW &lt;ye irepi^apelv 
avTo TI TTOT eVrl Kal TIVOS TMV eTriaTrjfjiwv TJ Svvd/mecor. 
oo^eie 8 av rfj&lt;; KVpiMTdTrj^ Kal jJbdkiorTa 
TOLavTtj S T] 7ro\iTiKr) fyaiveTai rwa? yap elvai 
20 TWV eTTLCTTTj/jiMV ev TO.?? 7roXecrt, Kal 

/jiavdaveiv Kal ^XP 1 T ^ vo ^&gt; a ^ T&gt;1 J Starttcrcret. opM/juev Se 
Kal ra? eVrtyLtorara? TWV Svvd/jiewv VTTO TavTfjv ovaas, 
olov (TTpaTrjyiKrjv OiKovo/jLiKrjv prjTOpiKrjv. ^pwfJLev^ Se 
TavTrjs rat? XoiTrat? TrpaKTiKals TWV eTTLaTTj/jiMv, en Se 
25 vo/jLoOeTOvo-T}^ TI Sel TTpaTTeiv Kal TLVWV aTre^eadaL, TO 
rauTT/9 reXo? Trepie ^pi av TO, T&V a\\(av, wcrre TOUT 
av etrj TavOptoTTivov dyaOov. el yap Kal TavTov ecrTiv 
evl Kal TroXei, /jiel^ov ye KOL Te\eioTepov TO TT)? vroXeco? 
(fralveTai, Kal \a/3elv Kal aw^eiv dyaTTJ]Tov /juev yap Kal 
3 o evl novw, Ka\\iov Se Kal OeioTepov Wvei Kal TroXecrt^. 
r) fjiev ovv peOoSos TOVTWV etfrlerai, 7ro\i,TiKr) TIS ovcra. 

4. 1095 a 13 \eyco/jiev 8 dva\afBovTe&lt;$, eTreiBr) Tcacra 
yvwo-is Kal Trpoaipevis dyaOov TWOS opeyeTai, TL e 
ov \eyofjiev TTJV f jro\t t TtKr}V e&lt;f&gt;le&lt;r6ai Kal TI TO 
35 cLKpOTaTov Twv TrpaKTWV dya0a)V. ovofJiaTi /lev ovv 
V7TO TWV 7r\eicrT(ov op,o\oyeLTai TIJV yap evoai- 
Kal ol TroXXol Kal ol ^apievTes \eyovo-iv, TO 8 ev 
Kal TO ev TrpaTTeiv TavTOv {JIT oKa^ftdv over i rc3 



143] ARISTOTLE : ETHICA 103 



Trepl Be TTJ? evBaLfj,ovLas, TL ICTTLV, d/ji&lt;f)L- 
o-/3rjTOV(TLV. . . . aTrdo-as pev ovv e^erd^eiv ras B6j;a&lt;; 
para LOT epov IVw? eariv, iKavbv Be ra? ^akicrra eVtTroXa- 
KOVcras e^eiv TLvd \6yov. /J,rj \av6aveTO) B* 
OTL BLa&lt;f)epovo-iv ol aTrb TWV dp^wv \oyoL teal ol 5 
7Ti ra? dp%ds. . . . dpicreov pev yap (JLTTO TWV 
ravra Be BITTWS rd [juev yap r)[uv rd 8 
ovv rjfjLiv ye dp/creov diro TWV rjfjilv &lt;yv(opl/jLO)v. SLO Bel 
rot? edecriv ^ \^ ai KCL\&S rov Trepl K,d\G)v Kal Bucaicov 
KOI oXftj? TWV TTQ\iTiK.U)V d/covcro/jievov i/cavco?. dpxf) 10 
yap TO OTL /cal el TOVTO &lt;&gt;CLIVOITQ dp/covvTO)?, ovBev 
TrpoaBerfcrei, rov BIOTI. 6 Be TOLOVTOS rj e^et TI \d/3oi 
av /o%a9 paBia)$. 

ethica Eudemia A 6. 1216 b 35 Biatyepovcri, B* ol \o&lt;yoi 
Trepl eKdcrrriv /jiedoBov, OL re fyikoo-ofyws \eyofjievoi Kal firj 15 
(/)tXocro^)W9. BiOTrep /cal rwv TroXtTitcwv ov %pr) vo^l^iv 
ireplepyov elvat, rrjv TOiavrrjv Oewplav, BS ^9 ov povov TO 
TL (fravepov, d\\d /cal TO Bid TL. (j)L\6cro(f)ov ydp TO 
TOLOVTOV Trepl eKaoTT rjv /jLeOoBov BeLTat, pevTOL TOVTO 

?}9 ev\a/3eia&lt;;. 20 

143 ethica Nicomacliea A 7. 1097b22 d\\ LO-WS T^V 
evBaifjioviav TO apLaTov \eyeiv 6/j,o\oyov/jivov TL 
L, TroOelTaL 8 evapyeo-Tepov TL eaTLV ert \e%07Jvai. 
Brj yevoiT av TOVT , el \r)(f)0eLr) TO epyov TOV 
dvOpcoTrov. . . . TL ovv Brj TOVT 1 dv elt] Trore ; TO fiev 25 
ydp ^r]V KOLVOV elvaL cfralveTaL /cal ro?9 &lt;uro?9, ty]TelTai, 
Be TO iBLOv. d(f)opLO-Teov dpa TTJV OpeTTTLicrjv /cal av%y- 
TLKr)V cor]V. eirofjievr) Be alo-OrjTL/ctf rt9 dv elr), (f)aiveTaL 
Be /cal avTij KOLvr) /cal tTTTrw /cal /9ol /cal TravTi &&amp;gt;&lt;*&gt; 
\LTreTaL Brj TrpatcTLKT) rt9 TOV \oyov e^ovTos. (TOVTOV 30 
Be TO fjiev &&amp;gt;9 eTTLTreiOes \oyw, TO S &&amp;gt;9 %ov /cal BLavoov- 
/juevov.^) SiTTft)9 Be /cal TavTTjs \eyo/uLevr)S T^V KCLT^ evepyeLav 
OeTeov fcvpL(0Tepov ydp avTrj Bo/cel \eyecrdaL. el B ecrTlv 
epyov dv0pc*)Trov ^v^ij^ evepyeia KCLTCL \6yov rj ^rj dvev 
\oyov, TO B* avTO (fra/jLev epyov elvaL TCO yeveL TOvBe /cal 35 
TOvBe (TTrovBaiov, wcrTrep /CL0apLcrTOv /cal crTrovBalov KL0apL- 
(7Tov, ical a7rXco9 Brj TOUT evrl irdvTayv, TrpocrTL0e/ji,evr)$ Tr)$ 
dpeTrjv vTrepo^rj^ TTpbs TO epyov KL0apL(TTov jj,ev ydp 






104 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [143 

TO KiOapi^euv, crTTovSaiov 8e TO ev el 8 OVTWS, avBpanrov 
8e riOeaev epyov t^wijv TIVCL, ravr^v Be -^rv^i}^ evepyeiav 
Kal nrpd^eis fjberd \6yov, cnTOv oaiov 8 dvSpos ev ravra 
Kal /caXco9, eKaarov 8 ev Kara rrjv oltcelav dperrjv 
5 ttTTOTeXemu el 8 ovrw, TO dv6pu&gt;7nvov dyaOov -^1^7)9 
evepyeia ytverai, /car* dperrfv, el 8e TrXetou? al dperai, 
Kara rrjv dpio-rrjv Kal Te\eiOTdrir]v, en 8 ev fti(p 
TeXetw. fjiia yap ^eXt8o)i/ eap ov iroiel, ou8e pia rjjjuepa 
OVTOD 8e oi)8e {Aa/cdpiov Kal ev^aijjiova pia rjaepa 01)8 0X1709 
oyo?. TrepLjeypd^da) aev ovv rdyaObv ravry 8e yap 

VTroTVTrwo-ai TTpMTov, eW vaTepov dvaypd^rai. 
8. 1099 a 24 dpicyrov dpa Kal rcd\\ia TOV Kal 
77 evbat/jLOvla, Kal ov Sidypio-rai, ravra Kara TO 



Kd\\i(TTOv TO SiKaiorarov \wcrrov 8 vyiaiveiv 
rfSio-rov 8e ire^v^ ov rt? epa TO Tu^etz^. 
diravra ydp VTrdp^ei ravra rals apiffTais evepyeiats 
oe, rj fjbiav TOVTCOV rrjv apiarijv, ^&gt;ap.ev elvai rrjv 
erai 8 0/^0)9 Kal TWV e/CTO5 dyaOwv 
20 TrpocrSeouevr), Kaddjrep eiTTOfiev aSvvarov ydp rj ov paSiov 
rd Ka\d irparreiv d^opijyrjroi ovra. vroXXa fjuev ydp 
TTpdrrerai, KaOaTrep Bi opydvwv, Sid (f&gt;i\a)V Kal TrXouTOf 
Kal 7ro\iTiKr)s Swdfjuew? evicov 8e rrjrctifjLeroi pviraivovai 
TO /maKapiov, olov evyeveias evreicvias Ka\\ovs ov irdvv 
25 ydp evSaLuoviKos 6 rrjv ISeav Travaio-^T]^ 77 ovo-yevfa r) 

Kal dreKvos, en 8 t o-o&gt;9 rjrrov, et T&) 
elev r) &lt;f)i\oi, r) dyaOol oWe9 reOvaaiv. 
ovv ei7ro/j,ev, eoiKe nrpoo oelcrOai Kal Tr;9 Totavri]^ evrjuepias. 
144 etliica NicomacJiea A 13. 11 02 a 5 eirel 8 eo-rlv rj 
30 evSai/jiovia ^fvy^rj^ evepyeid Tt9 tear dperrjv re\eiav, Trepl 
aperr)? eTTLo-KeTrreov. 

B 1. 11 03 a 14 8*,TT% 8e T7/9 dperrjs ovo-rjs, r^ fJiev 
8e rjdiK 1 !]?, 77 yite^ $iavor)TiKr) TO 7r\elov IK 
/cat T^V yeveaiv Kal rrjv av^rjcnv, 
35 efjuireipias 8emu /cal %p6vov, r) 8 rjOtKr) ej; eOov? 

yiverai, oOev Kal rovvo/jia ea^rjKe fjuKpov 7rapKfC\lvov aTro 
ToO edovs. el; ov Kal &T)\OV on, ovBeaia rwv r)6iKU&gt;v 
dperwv (frvcrei rj/jutv eyyiverai ovOev ydp rwv &lt;f&gt;v&lt;rei ovrwv 



145] ARISTOTLE : ETHIC A 105 



aXXo&gt;9 eOi^erai. . . . OVT dpa &lt;f&gt;vo-ei, ovre irapd 
eyyivovTai al aperal, d\\d TrefyvKoai jmev r^uv Bet;acr0ai 
avrds, TeKeiovfAevois Be Bid TOV e0ov&lt;$. . . . ra? dperas 
\ajjL{3dvo/jiev evepyrfaavTes TrpoTepov, waTrep KOI eirl rwv 
d\\a)v Te^vayv a yap Set fjiaOovras Troielv, ravra TTOLOVV- 5 
T9 /LLav0dvo/jiev, olov olKo^ofjiovvTe^ olfco&o/jioi, ylvovrai KOI 
KiOapidTaL. ovra) Se /cal rd jjiev Siicaia 
SIKCLIOI yivojJieOa, rd Se aax^pova accxfrpoves, ra 






B 6. 1106b36 ecrriv dpa r) dperrj % L S TTpoaiperiKr), 10 
eV fjLecroTTjTL ovcra rrj Trpbs 77/^0,9, aipicr/jievr} \o&lt;yq&gt; KOI &)? 
dv 6 fypovuiJios opicreie. /jbecrorrj^ 8e $vo /ca/ciwv, TT}? fjiev 
/caO v7Tp{3o\r]v TT}? Be KCLT e\\eityiv /cal en ro5 ra? JJLCV 
e\\L7rLV ra? 8 V7reppd\\eiv TOV Seo^ro? ev re rot? 
7rd0(7L /cal V rat? Trpd^eai,, TTJV 8 dperrjv TO fjbeo~ov /cat 15 
eupi(T/C6tv /cal alpetcrOai. $ib /card /Jiv rrjv ovGiav ical 
rbv \oyov TOV TO TL rjv elvau \e&lt;yovTa yLt6&lt;roT^9 ecrrlv rj 
dpeTij, icaTa Se TO dpia-Tov /cal TO ev d/cpOTtis. 

145 etJiica Nicomachea Z 1. 1138 b 35 Ta9 
^rv^fj^ dpeTas ^&gt;ie\op,evoi Ta9 j^ev elvai TOV ijOovs 
Ta9 Se Ti}9 Siavoias. Trepl /JLev ovv TWV r]6ifcwv 
0a/j,ev, irepl Se TWV \onrwv, Trepl ^^7)9 trpwTov 
\eyo)fjiev OVTWS. TrpoTepov p,ev ovv \e%0r) ov* elvai 
T7;9 ^f%7J9, TO T6 \6yov fyov /cal TO d\oyov vvv Be Trepl 
TOV \6yov %OVTO&lt;&gt; TOV avTov Tpoirov SiaipeTeov. KCLI 2 s 
v7TOKeicr0(o Svo Ta \b&lt;yov e%ovTa, ev /Jbev a&gt; Oewpov^ev Ta 
TOiavTa TWV OVTCOV ocrwv al dpyal p,^ evBe^ovTai a 
^iv, ev $e co Ta evBe^o/ubeva Trpbs &lt;ydp Ta TCO 
eTepa /cal TWV T//9 ^^7)9 [jiopiwv eTepov T&&amp;gt; &lt;yevei TO 
etcaTepov Tre^v/cos, eiTrep /ca0* oaoLOTrjTd Ttva /cal olfceioTrjTa 3 
rj &lt;yvwcri,s vTrdp^ei avTols. \eyeo-0co Se TOUTO^ TO f^ev 
eTTio-Tij/jLovL/cov, TO Be \ojLo-TiKov TO jdp /3ov\ve(r0ai, /cal 
\oyi%ecr0a(, TavTOv, ov0els Be f$ov\eveTai Trepl TWV fj^rj 
evBe^o/jievwv aXXw9 fyeiv. &o~Te TO \oyio-Ti/c6v eaTiv ev 
TL fjiepos TOV \oyov e^ovTo&lt;f. \rf7TTeov dp e/caTepov 35 
TOVTO)v T/9 r) /3e\Tl(TTrj e^9 avTrj yap dpeTrj etcaTepov, 
TI B dpeTrj 7rpo9 TO ep&lt;yov TO ol/celov. 

5. 1140 a 24 Trepl Be &lt;f)povr)o-ews OVTCOV dv \d/3oifjiev, 



106 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [145 



w 



\eyoaev TOV&lt;; (frpovifjiovs. So/eel orj 
(bpovifjiov elvai TO Bvvacrdat #o,X&lt;w9 fiovXevcrao Oai, irepi ra 
aura) dyadd /cal crvfJufyepovTa, ov Kara p,epos, olov Troia 
7rpo9 vyieiav rj 777)09 Icr^yv, d\\a Trola Trpo? TO ev ffiv 

5 6 Xft)9. 

7. 1141 a 9 rrjv Se crofyiav ev re rat? T6^i&gt;at9 rot? 
ra? re^va? a7roSi$ofj,ev . . . elvcu be rivas 
a 0X0)9 ov Kara /xepo9 ov& a\\o TL aofyov&lt;$ y 
cnrep "O/jurjpos &lt;f)r)(n,v ev rcG M.apjirr) 
10 rbv S ovr ap o-KaTrrfjpa Oeol Oeaav ovr aporrjpa 

our aXX&)9 Tt (rotyov. 

wcrTe $rf\ov OTL TI aKpi/3eo-rdr7j av rwv eTriaTrjiJLWv CLTJ rj 

crocpla. Set apa rbv arofyov JJLT) fiovov rd e/c rwv dp^wv 

eloevai, aXXa Kal irepl Ta9 dp%ds d\7]06veiv. &GT elr) 

15 av TI cro&lt;f)ia vovs Kal eTTLarij/jirj, wcrTrep Ke$a\r]V e^ovcra 

eTTLO-T^/JiTJ TWV TL/JbLMrdrCOV. 

146 etliica Nicomachea Z 12. 1143 b 17 ^lairopr^aeLe & 
av Tt9 Trepl avrwv [sc. Trepl rrjs $povrio ea)&lt;$ Kal T^9 crofyias] 
TL ypTJcTL/jiOi elaiv. . . . Trpcorov /Jiev ovv \e r yofJiV OTL KaO 

20 aimW dvayxalov aipeTas avTas elvai, dpeTas 7 
eicaTepav e/caTepov TOV fjuopiov, Kal el [j,}) TTQIOVCTI 
fMijo eTepa avTwv. erreiTa Kal iroiovdi /mev, ov% a&gt;9 
8e vyleiav, aXX a&gt;9 i] vyieia, OVTCOS rj (ro 
yu-e/309 yap ovaa TTJS 0X779 dpeTrjs TW e^eadai Troiel Kal 

25 TW evepyew evoai/jiova. eri TO epyov diroTe\elTai Kara 
TJ]V (j)p6vr)0-(,v Kal TTJV ^OiKr/v dpeTrjv rj /juev yap dpTr) 

TOV (TKOTTOV 7TOLL Op66v, T) $6 (frpOVTjO lS Ttt 7T|009 TOVTOV. 

13. 1144 b 1 (TKeTTTeov $r) 7rd\iv Kal irepl dpeTrj&lt;f Kal 
yap TI dpTrj 7rapa7r\r)o-i(i)s e^et a&gt;9 r) (f)povr]o~i&lt;i 7T/309 rrjv 
30 SeivoTTjTa, ov TavTO aev, OJULOLOV oe, OVTO) Kal r) 
dpeTrj 7T/309 Trjv KVpiav. Trdaiv yap So 
r)0wv vTrdp xeiv (frvaei, 7T&)9* teal ydp SiKaioi, Kal 
Kol Kal dvSpeloi, Kal TaXXa e^oaev ev6v&lt;; IK y evens aXX 
0/10)9 ^rjTovaev eTepov TI TO Kvpiws dyaObv Kal Ta ToiavTa 
35 a\\ov TpoTrov vTrdp^eiv. Kal ydp Traial Kal 6r)ploi&lt;s al 
vTrdp-^ovaLV efet9, aXX dvev vov (3\aftepal 
ovaai. TT\TIV ToaovTOV eoiKev opdcrdai, OTL 
dvev o-^reu&gt;s KivovfJLevw avufjaivei 



147] ARISTOTLE : ETU1GA 107 

a-(f&gt;d\\eo-@ai l&lt;r%vp&$ Sid TO /AT) e^eiv o^fnv, OVTO) KOI 
evTavda eav 8e ^&lt;df$rj vovv, ev rc3 Trpdrreiv 
77 eft9 ofAOia ovaa TOT ecrTai Kvpicos dpeTrj. 
KaOdirep eirl TOV So^aaTiKov $vo eaTiv elBrj, $eivoTr)s Kai 
&lt;j&gt;p6vi)&lt;ris i ovTO) Kai eVl TOV r)0i/cov $vo eVrt, TO jJiev s 
vcriKr), TO 8 v} Kvpia, /cal TOVTWV r) Kvpua ov 
avev (f)pov7]&lt;Ta)s. . . . Kai yap vvv TravTes, QTCLV 
T7)V dpeTrjv, Trpo&lt;TTi6ea&lt;n, Trjv e%iv etVoi^Te? 
/cal 7T/309 a ecrTiv, TTJV KCUTCL TOV opOov \6&lt;yov opOos 
8 o KaTa Trjv &lt;$&gt;pov7]criv. eoiKaai, Srj /jLavTevecrOai ?ra)9 I 
OTI /; ToiavTrj e^t? apeTij IGTIV, 77 KaTa TTJV 



iv. 8el Se fJiiKpov /j,eTa/3r)vat, ov &lt;yap fiovov r) 
TOP 6p6ov \6yov, aX\ 77 jj,Ta TOV opOov \6&lt;yov Ift9, a 
. bpOos $e Xoyo? Trepl TWV TOIOVTWV 77 

vv \6yovs T9 a/3eTa9 &&amp;gt;6TO elvai, 
Tracra?), 77^6^9 Se /xeTa \o&lt;yov. 
ovv K TWV elprj/jievcov OTL o^% otov Te dyaOov el 
avev (frpovrjcrea)?, ov&e (frpovifjiov avev T7}9 tj 



147 ethica Nicomacliea H 12. 1153al2 ... 8to Kai ov 20 

TO alcrOTjrrjv jevecriv avai elvai Trjv rjSovrjv, d\\a 
\eKTeov evepyeiav Tr)&lt;$ KaTa (frvcriv e^eo)?, avT\ Se 
ai(T@r)Tr)V dve/juiroSio-Tov. . . . apiaTov T ov$ev Kw\vet, 
rjv Tiva elvai, el eviai fyav\ai rjSovai, wo-irep Kai 

Tiva eviwv (f&gt;av\cov OVCTMV. icrcos Be Kai 25 
dvayKalov, eiTrep eKdcrTrjs e^eo)9 elonv evepyeiai avefjuro- 
eW* 77 TracrMV evepyeid eaTiv ev^ai^ovia elVe 77 
o9 avT&v, av r) ai/e/Z7ro8to-T09, alpeTcoTaTrfv elvai TOVTO 
ecrTiv 7780^77. wcrTe 6^77 dv Tt9 r)$ovr) TO apidTOV, TWV 

vwv (f)av\o)V ovo-wv, el eTv^ev, a7rXa&gt;9. Kai 30 
8ia TOVTO irdvTes TOV evSai/jiova rj&vv olovTai ftiov elvai, 
Kai e/ji7r\eKovo-i TTJV rjBovrjv et9 TTJV evSai/jioviav, 6^X0 
ovSeuia yap evepyeia TeXeto9 e^TroBi^oiJievrj, 77 & 
TWV T\eicov Sto TrpoaSeiTai 6 ev^aijjiwv TWV ev 
dyaOwv Kai TWV e/CT09 Kai TTJS TV^TJ^, O7ra)9 ^ e/JLTroSi&Tai ss 
TaOTa. ol 8e TOV Tpo%i6/j,vov Kai TOV SvcrTV^iais 
fjueyd\ais TrepiiriTTTOvTa ev&ai/jiova &lt;f&gt;dcrKovTes elvai, eav y 
dya06$, 77 eKOVTes r) aKOVTes ov&ev \eyovo~iv. 



108 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [147 

K 3. 1174 a 8 on uev ovv ovre TayaOov 77 rjBovr) ovre 
7rdo~a alperrj, Bij\ov eoiKev elvai. 

4. 1174 b 31 Te\eiol Be TTJV evepyeiav 77 rjBovrj ov% o&gt;9 
eft9 evvTrdp-^ovo-a, aXV co? eTnyivouevov TI Te\09, olov 

5 rot? aKfiaiois rj wpa. 

5. 1175 b 24 Biafapovcrwv Be TWV evepyei&v CTree iKeia 
Kal (^avXoTijTi, KOI TMV uev alpT(t)v ovawv ra)V Be 
(frevKTWv TMV 8 ovBerepcov, O/JLOLCOS e^ovcn Kal al rjBovai 
read 1 eKaa-rrjv yap evepyeiav ol/cela rjBovr) eanv. 77 

10 ovv rfj crTrovBaia oltceia iTriettcfa, rj Be rrj (f)av\y 
Kal yap al eTTiQvfiiat, TWV uev Ka\)v eTraiverai, TWV B 
alo-%pwv tyeKrai olfceiorepai Be rat? evepyeiais al ev 
avrals rjBoval rwv bpe^ewv ai fMev yap Biaypicr/jLevai elcrl 
Kal rot? %povoi&lt;; Kal rfj fyva-ei, at Be avveyyvs rat? 

15 evepyeiais, Kal aSiopicnoi ovrcos worr eyeiv ajJi^io-fBr^T ^o-iv 
el ravrov ecrnv 77 evepyeia rfj rjBovrj. ov /JLTJV eoL/ce ye 
TI r)Boi&gt;r) Bidvoia elvai ovB* aicrOrjo-Ls CITOTTOV ydp d\\a 
Bia TO fJbrj ^wpi^eaOai fyaiverai TLCTI ravrov. wcrTrep ovv 
al evepyeuai erepai, Kal al rjBovaL 

20 148 ethica Nicomachea K 7. 1177 a 12 el B ecrrlv rj 
evBai/uiovia Kar dperrjv evepyeia, ev\oyov Kara TTJV 
KpaTio-rrjv avrij 8 av e lr) &lt;r)&gt; rov dpiarov. e lre Brj 1/07)9 
TOVTO ecre a\\o TI o Brj KaTa fyvaiv BoKel ap%iv Kal 
^yelaOai Kal evvoiav e^eiv Trepl Ka\wv Kal 6eiwv, etre 

25 Oelov ov Kal avTo elre TWV ev THUV TO OeiOTaTov, rj 
TOVTOV evepyeia KaTa TTJV oiKeiav dpeTTjv eiij av r] Te\eia 
evBaiuovia. OTL 8 e&lt;rrt OecoprjTiKr), eiptjTai. ouo\oyov- 
uevov Be TOVT av Bo^eiev elvai Kal rot? TrpoTepov Kal TW 
d\r)0ei. KpaTio-Tr) re ydp avTrj ecrTlv 7} evepyeia Kal 

30 yap o vovs TWV ev rjuiv, Kai TWV yva)(TTWV Trepi a o 
vovs. eTi Be (Twe^o-TaTT) Oewpelv re ydp BvvdueQa 
crui/e^o)? fj,a\\ov rj TrpaTTeiv QTIOVV. oloaedd re Beiv r)Bo- 
vrjv TrapafLefM^dai Trj evBaiuovia, rjBi(7Tr) Be TCOV KaT 
dpeTrjv evepyei&v r) KaTa TTJV crocfriav o/JioXoyovfJievws eaTiv 

35 BoKel yovv r) &lt;^i\ocro(^ia OavaacrTa^ rjBovds ^eiv Ka6a- 
Kal rc3 fteftaiw, ev\oyov Be rot? elBoat TWV 
rjBia) Trjv Biaycoyrjv elvai. 77 re \eyoaevrj 
Trepl TTJV OewprjTiKrjv /^ttXtcrr av eirj. ... 77 



148] ARISTOTLE : ETHIGA 109 

Te\eia Brj evBai/jiovla avrrj av ei-r) dvOpcoTrov, \a/3ovcra 
/3iov T\eiov ovBev ydp aTeXe? ecm TWV TT}? 
ias. o Be TOLOVTOS av ei?] j3ios /cpeiTTcov rj tear 
ov ydp r) dvOpcoTros eanv OVTW /Sicocrerai,, aXX 
77 9elbv TL ev avrq) vTcdp^ei ocrw 8e Siacfzepei TOVTO rov 5 
avvOtTOv, Toaovry KOL f] evepyeia rfjs Kara rrjv a\\ijv 
dperrjv. el 8r) Oelov o vovs Trpos rbv avOpwjrov, KOI o 
Kara TOVTOV {3io&lt;? delos TT^O? rov dvOpwTrwov /3iov. . . . 
TO \e^6ev re Trporepov dppocrei KCU vvv TO &lt;yap olicelov 
e/cda-ra) rfj (frvcrei, Kpario-rov KCU TI&KTTOV ecrnv e/cdara). * 

KOl Tft) dvOpOOTTO) 7) 6 KCLTa TOV VOVV /3iO&lt;?, ellTp TOVTO 

fjLa\L(7Ta av0p(07TO$. ouro? dpa /cal ev^aifjuovecrTaTO^. 

8. 1178 a 9 SevTepcos 8 o tcard TTJV aKXrjV dpeTr^v al 
yap KCLTO, TavTfjv evep^eiai dvGpwrriKai Slfcaia yap /cal 
dvSpeia /cal TO, d\\a TO, Kara ra? apera? vr/ao? aXXrJXou? 1 
ev o-vva\\djfjiao-i /cal ^peiaw KCLI Trpd^eai 
ev re rot? Trddeai, SuaTripovvTes TO TrpeTrov 
e/cd(7TM, TavTa S elvau &lt;paiveTai, Tcdwra dvOpwjriicd. 
evia Be Kal o-v/nflaiveLv diro TOV (jco/^aro? Bo/cel, /cal 
TroXXa crvvtofceiwo Oai, rot? irdOecnv rj TOV rjOovs dpeTij. 2 
vtCTai, Se /cal rj (fipovrjcris Trj TOV r)6ov&lt;$ dpeTrj, /cal 
T{J (frpovrja ei,, eiTrep al fjuev TT}? typovrjcrecos 

a ra? rjOi/cd? elaiv dpeTas, TO 8 opOov TWV rj 
/caTa T7)V &lt;f&gt;p6vr]o-iv. avvripTriiJievai $ avTai Kal TOA? 
TrdOea-i Tcepl TO ovvOeTov av elev al Be TOV crvvOeTov 25 
dpeTal dvOpa)7TL/cai. /cal 6 /3to? Brj 6 KaT avTas /cal rj 
evBai/Jbovia. rj Be TOV vov /ce^wpLo-fievij ToaovTov yap 
Trepl avTrjs eiprjTai ^LaKpijBwaai yap fjiel^ov TOV Trpo/cei,- 
/juevov eo-TLv. B6%eie B av Kal TT)? e/cro? %op7jyla&lt;; eVt 
/jii/cpbv r) eV eXarroz^ BelaOai, T^? r)0i/cfj$. TWV /jiev yap 30 
dvay/caicov dp,^&gt;olv %pela /cal e iaov ecTTO), el /cal fjid\\ov 
Biairovel Trepl TO &lt;jw\ia 6 7roXtrt/co9 /cal ocra TOiavTa, 
fjiiKpov ydp av TL Biatyepoi- Trpbs Be ra? evepyeias TTO\V 
Bioicrei. 

11/8 b 32 WCTT eli] av rj evBai/jiovia Oewpia Ti^. 35 
Berjo-ei, Be /cal T7J9 e /cro? ev^jjuepia^ dvOpwira) OVTI ov ydp 
avTdp/crjs 77 0vcri? TTpo? TO Oewpelv, aXXa Bel /cal TO 
vyiaivew Kal rpo^v Kal TTJV \oi,7rrjv Oepairelav vTrd 



110 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [148 

ov fjirjv olrjTeov ye 7roXXo&gt;i&gt; Kal fjLyd\a)v Beijcrecrdai TOV 
el /A?) evBe^eTat dvev TWV e/cro? dya9wv 
eivai,* ov yap ev rfj V7repj3o\y TO avTapKes ovB* 
, BvvaTov Be /cal /AT) dp^ovTa yf)&lt;&gt; teal 
s TrpaTTeiv TCL tca\d /cal yap diro /jberpicov BvvaiT^ dv 
TrpciTTeiv Kara TTJV aperrjv. 

149 ethica Nicomachea K 9. 1179 b 20 yivea6ai 
dyadovs olovrai, ot fJiev fyvcrei, OL B eOet, o l Se 
TO fjbev ovv T/}? fyvaews $f)\ov co? OVK 
d\\d Sid Tivas Betas aiTias rot? GO? 

o Se \6yos KOI r) BiSa^r) fj,r) TTOT OVK, ev 
d\\d Bel Trpo&ieLpydcrOai rot? edeai TTJV TOV 
d/cpoaTov ^Irv^rjv vrpo? TO /caXw? ^aipeiv K.CLI fjucrelv, 
yrjv Trjv Ope^rovaav TO (TTrep/jLa. ov yap dv 
15 \6yov diroTpeTTOVTOS ou8 av avveir) o /caTa TrdOos ^wv 
TOV 8 OVTWS e^ovTa 7T&J9 olov re ^LeTaTrelcrai ; oXw? T 
ov So/eel \6yoy vTreliceiv TO TcdQos d\\d /3ia. Bel Brj TO 
r)9o&lt;$ TTpovTrdp^eiv TTOJ? olrcelov TTJS dpeTrjs, aTepyov TO 
Ka\ov /cal Bvcr%epa?vov TO ala^pov. efc veov 8 dycoyrjs 
20 opOrjs TV^elv 7T/30? dpeTrjv ^a\e7rov /jurj VTTO TOLOVTOIS 
Tpa&lt;f&gt;evTa VO^OLS TO yap crwfypovws Kal tcapTepiKws ^v 
ov% rjBv rot? TroXXofc, aXXa)? re Kal veois. Bio vofjiois 
Bel TTa^9ai Trjv Tpo(j&gt;rjv Kal ra 7riTijBevfj,aTa OVK ecrTat 
yap \V7rr]pd avv^drj yivopeva. . . . r] /mev ovv TraTpiKrj 
25 TrpocrTaft? OVK e^et TO la^vpov ovBe TO dvayKalov, ovBe 
Brj oX&)9 TI evos dvBpos, /jurj ^acrtXeo)? OVTOS rj TIVOS 
TOLOVTOV 6 Be vo/jbos dvayKacrTiKrjv e^ei Bvva/juv, \6yos a)v 
CLTTO TLVOS (f)povrfo-eo)$ Kal vov. 

10. 1181 b 12 7rapa\L7r6vTO)v ovv TWV TrpoTepwv dvepev- 
3 o VTJTOV TO Trepl T^? vofJLoOeorias, avTOvs 
fjid\\ov fte\Tiov tVa)9, Kal 0X0)9 Brj Trepl 
6t9 BvvafJiiv 77 Trepl TCL dv9pa&gt;7riva (f)L\,oo- 
politico, 150 politico, A (H) 3. 1325 b 14 aXX el 

\eyeTai Ka\ws Kal TTJV evBai/jioviav evTTpayiav OeTeov, Kal 
3 5 KOivfj 7ra&lt;r?79 7roXe&)9 dv eirj Kal KaO eKaaTOV dpicrTos /3ios 
o TTpaKTiKos. ttXXa TOZ^ TrpaKTLKov OVK dvayKalov elvai 
7rpo9 eTepovs, KaOaTrep oiovTai Tives, ovBe Ta9 Biavolas 
elvai fjbovas TavTas irpaKTiKas Ta9 TWV diroftaivovTwv 



150] ARISTOTLE : ETHICA, POLIT1CA 111 

yivofjuevas etc rov TrpdrTeiv, d\\a TTO\V paXXov ra? avro- 
reXet? teal ra? avT&v evetcev Oewpias teal Stavorjcreis r) yap 
reXo?, wcrre K.CLI irpa^is rt? yLtaXtcrra Se real 
\e&lt;yofj,i&gt; /cvpicos /cal TWV e^wrepiKtov Trpd^ewv 
TOU9 rat? Siavoiais ap^ireKTOvas. a\\a /JLTJV ouS anrpaKTelv 5 
avay/catov ra? /ca9* avras TroXet? I8pvfjieva$ teal rjv ovrco 
jrporjp^jjLeva^ ev^e^erai jap Kara /Jieprj teal TOVTO crvjjiftai- 
veiv 7ro\\al yap KOIVWVICLI TT/JO? a\\7]\a rot? [juepecrL TTJ? 
TroXew? eiaiv, 6/xota)? Se TOVTO vTrdp^eu teal /ca& ez^o? 
OTOVOVV T&V dv0pci)7r(i)v * (r%o\f) yap av o 0ebs ^X 0i Ka ^^ Ic 
teal vra? o KOCT/JLOS, ot? OL/C etVtz^ e^coTepi/cal Trpd^eis Trapa 
ra? o/^eta? ra? avTwv. 



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B c Jackson, Henry 3 (comp.) 

165 Texts to illustrate a 

J3 course of elementary 

lectures on the history of 
Greek philosophy from 
Thales to Aristotle 2d 



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